基于紫外光谱法的纯棉织物中氯菊酯含量检测方法

为寻求更高效地测试纺织品中氯菊酯含量的方法,利用驱蚊整理剂以及浸轧工艺制备了不同质量浓度氯菊酯整理的纯棉织物,采用扫描电子显微镜、带积分球的紫外可见分光光谱仪、常规气相色谱仪对其微观形貌、光谱特征及氯菊酯负载量进行分析对比,并进一步对比测试耗时、样品需求量以及测试成本等指标。结果表明:氯菊酯整理纯棉织物在280 nm处出现强吸收,对应氯菊酯分子的紫外特征吸收,且吸光度值与织物中的氯菊酯负载量成正比,同时与气相色谱测试的棉织物中氯菊酯含量具有较好的拟合关系。紫外光谱法与气相色谱法测试结果的相对误差率和变异值相当,但紫外光谱法具有测试效率高,成本低的明显优势。     

水热法制备纳米TiO2改性锦纶织物

利用水热合成技术,以钛酸四丁酯为原料,于去离子水溶液中直接在锦纶织物纤维表面包覆纳米TiO2薄膜,并使用活性艳蓝R-X染料对锦纶织物染色,借助扫描电镜、X射线衍射、红外光谱、X光电子能谱、差示扫描量热和热重测试手段对改性前后织物的表面形貌、结构和热学性能进行表征,测定织物漫反射光谱、拉伸、吸水和染色性能.结果表明:锦纶...     

羊毛织物的含磷硅溶胶阻燃整理

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备硅溶胶和硅/磷溶胶,并将其应用于羊毛的阻燃整理。通过激光粒度仪对溶胶粒径进行表征,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)、热重分析(TG)、微型量热分析(MCC)等手段对整理前后羊毛的表观形貌、元素组成、阻燃性能及热降解行为进行表征和测试。结果表明,制备的溶胶体系为纳米级别,用其处理羊毛织物,阻燃性能得到明显改善,并可降低羊毛织物在燃烧过程中的释热速率及释热量;经硅/磷溶胶整理的羊毛织物燃烧时体现出硅、磷协同效应,其对羊毛织物的阻燃效果好于硅溶胶整理织物。     

超高分子量聚乙烯织物的表面接枝改性及其抑菌性能研究

为赋予超高分子量聚乙烯织物舒适和抑菌功能,采用多巴胺/聚乙烯亚胺交联共聚涂覆和铜离子配位制备具有亲水及抑菌功能的超高分子量聚乙烯织物(UHMWPE-PDA/PEI-Cu),使用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、傅立叶红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱等对UHMWPE-PDA/PEI-Cu织物的微观形貌结构和化学成分进行表征,并评价了...     

羊毛角蛋白溶液对涤纶织物的整理

用自制羊毛角蛋白溶液对涤纶织物进行整理,对不同用量羊毛角蛋白溶液整理的织物和未整理的织物的吸湿速干性能作了对比性的测试和分析,X射线光电子能谱和拉曼光谱分析结果表明,羊毛角蛋白溶液作为整理剂对涤纶有很好的吸附交联,能在织物上交联形成二硫键,对涤纶针织物的性能有很大改善,用10％角蛋白溶液整理就可达到针织物吸湿速干技术要求.     

纤维载体对有机硅溶胶-凝胶涂层的影响

以纤维素织物和合成纤维织物为载体,以硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为水解前驱体,对织物载体进行溶胶-凝胶涂层整理。测定硅凝胶在织物载体上的固载量,研究纤维载体化学结构、形貌及拒水整理对有机硅溶胶-凝胶涂层的影响。利用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）分析整理前后元素成分变化及结合状态;利用Brunauer–Emmet–Teller（BET）比表面积、傅里叶红外全反射（FTIR-ATR）和X射线衍射（XRD）分析溶胶-凝胶整理前后纤维表面形貌和化学成分的变化。结果表明：纤维成分和形貌影响凝胶在织物上的固载量,有机硅凝胶主要通过偶极作用和氢键作用在织物表面形成涂层;拒水整理对硅凝胶的固载量有显著的影响。     

负载掺杂纳米TiO_2耐久抗菌织物的制备与表征

为解决特种军需及医用织物在可见光下的耐久性抗菌问题,以钛酸四丁酯为钛源、硫脲和尿素为掺杂体、棉针织布为基材,通过快速溶胶-凝胶法负载和低温热处理,制备出硫氮共掺杂纳米二氧化钛(S-N-TiO_2)可见光催化耐久性抗菌织物。利用紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱、X射线光电子能谱和扫描电子显微镜,表征分析抗菌材料的光谱性质和微观形貌;以大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌为目标样本,采用振荡法,研究测试抗菌织物的可见光催化抗菌性能。结果表明:S、N以取代型和间隙型掺进TiO_2晶格中,使其吸收边带红移至可见光区,且吸收强度较高;抗菌织物表面包裹着一层致密的S-N-TiO_2薄膜,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均优于AAA级,对大肠杆菌的均高于AA级。     

六氟丙烯等离子体处理对锦纶和涤纶织物表面性能的影响

以六氟丙烯为气氛对锦纶和涤纶织物进行等离子体处理,处理后织物表面的水接触角有一定的提高,利用X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析等离子体处理前后的元素组成及官能团变化.等离子体处理后在不同织物表面引入的氟元素含量不同,Cls分峰表明在织物表面引入的-CF、-CF2和-CF3基团相对含量也有所不同,说明不同纤维等离子体处理后含氟基团在织物表面的结合方式有所区别.     

天然纤维用无甲醛磷氮阻燃整理剂的合成及其应用

以亚磷酸二乙酯、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、环氧氯丙烷为原料,甲醇钠、氢氧化钠为催化剂,经过两步反应合成了无甲醛的磷-氮阻燃整理剂。将其应用于亚麻织物的阻燃整理,通过正交试验探讨最佳整理工艺。采用红外光谱(ATR)对阻燃整理前后的亚麻织物进行定性分析;对经过阻燃整理前后的亚麻织物进行热重分析(TG)、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱分析(XPS)测试,并将其应用于真丝织物。结果表明:亚麻织物经阻燃整理后炭长为5.8 cm,有焰和阴焰燃烧的时间都为0 s,远超过了阻燃整理织物的B1级标准。使用该阻燃剂对真丝织物进行阻燃整理,炭长可达4.45 cm,对桑蚕丝织物染色无影响。     

复配紫外吸收剂对锦纶防晒服的紫外线防护整理

采用反应型和非反应型紫外吸收剂(LIQ和HLF)复配对锦纶防晒服面料进行紫外线防护整理,研究了整理温度和时间,单一紫外吸收剂、氯化钠和冰醋酸用量对锦纶抗紫外效果的影响,测试了整理织物的耐水洗性能。结果表明:复配紫外吸收剂整理锦纶织物抗紫外性能随着整理温度的升高和时间的延长而逐渐提高,但整理锦纶织物UPF指数随氯化钠和冰醋酸用量的增加而逐渐减小,在LIQ和HLF用量均为5%(omf),98℃保温60 min的条件下,整理锦纶织物UPF指数超过80。复配紫外吸收剂在锦纶纤维上具有很好的提升性能,且具有较好的耐洗性,复配紫外吸收剂整理锦纶织物经30次标准洗涤后,UPF指数仍在70以上。     

基于锦纶滤膜喷墨印花制备镓-铟合金液态金属电路

针对因镓-铟合金(EGaIn)液态金属(LM)具有极大的表面张力导致难以润湿基底的问题,筛选出合适的表面活性剂并利用探头超声波得到稳定的EGaIn电子墨水。利用扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、X射线光电子能谱、傅里叶红外光谱仪、X射线能量色散谱表征液态金属纳米微球的微观形貌和表面元素分布,优化得到最佳制备工艺;并通过喷墨打印在锦纶滤膜基底上成功制备图案化导电电路测试其导电性能。结果表明：用聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)作为表面活性剂,当其添加量为200 mg,超声波处理时间大于30 min时,电子墨水展现出优异的分散稳定性;当打印次数大于6,烧结后的图案化电路电阻低于150Ω,可成功点亮发光二极管。     

Functional finishing of cotton fabrics using graphene oxide nanosheets decorated with titanium dioxide nanoparticles

This study examined an innovative approach for imparting multi-functional properties, i.e. self-cleaning, electrical conductivity, ultraviolet (UV) blocking as well as antimicrobial properties onto cotton fabric. Graphene oxide/TiO₂ nanocomposites were successfully prepared, by a simple method of mixing and sonication, and used for multi-functional treatment of cotton fabrics by dip-drying technique. The physicochemical properties of the prepared samples were characterized with field emission scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Self-cleaning performance, electrical resistance, antimicrobial properties, and UV blocking activity of treated fabrics were also assessed. The coated cotton fabrics with graphene oxide/TiO₂ nanocomposite showed excellent photocatalytic self-cleaning activity measured by degradation of methylene blue in aqueous solution under sunlight irradiation. Results showed that the electrical conductivity of the graphene oxide/titanium dioxide nanocomposite-coated fabrics was improved significantly after sunlight irradiation. Moreover, the nanocomposite finished cotton fabric demonstrated proper antimicrobial properties and UV blocking activity.     

氧化还原法表面改性羊毛的理化性能

采用高锰酸钾（KMnO4）-二氧化硫脲（TD）氧化还原法对羊毛织物进行剥鳞片处理。应用扫描电镜（SEM）、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）和衰减全反射红外光谱（FTIR-ATR）等现代表面分析技术研究剥鳞处理后羊毛织物和剥鳞前羊毛织物表面的化学和物理结构特性。SEM研究结果表明,经剥鳞处理后的羊毛织物表面整体较为光滑,织物边缘的阶梯状结构也不再明显。XPS和FTIR-ATR研究表明,上述氧化还原法使羊毛表面的二硫键氧化断裂和表面类脂物质改性/除去,从而促使剥鳞片后的羊毛织物润湿性能有了显著的提高,且在强力保留、白度、纤维细化等方面也获得良好的效果。但剩炭率、氧指数均比未经剥鳞处理的羊毛织物有所下降,热稳定性下降。     

Properties and characteristics of UV-induced flame retardancy silk fabric

In this paper, silk fabrics were modified with flame retardant dimethyl-2-(methacryloyloxyethyl) phosphate using radiation of UV light with band 254?nm initiated by a photo catalyst methyl 2-benzoylbenzoate. Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis were used to investigate the surface grafting evidence of flame retardant. Wide angle X-ray diffraction analysis showed the crystalline structure of grafted silk fiber and showed that graft treatment did not change the crystalline structure of silk fiber. Thermal gravimetric analysis explored the thermal decomposition mode of control and grafted silk fibers. The initial decomposition temperature decreased and produced more residues during main decomposition stage. SEM analysis of char residue showed that the grafted silk will produce solid and rigid char after combustion. Heat release rate and CO yield of modified silk fabrics both decreased. From above, it can get the flame retardancy mechanism that treated silk fiber promoted to form more nonflammable char during combustion so as to improve fire safety in real fire.     

微波处理对丝针织物抗起毛起球性能的影响

抗起毛起球是丝针织物重要的服用性能之一,寻找物理方法来改善丝针织物的起毛起球性能,仍然是一个巨大的挑战。采用微波技术对丝针织物进行了处理,通过扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外、X射线衍射仪对丝针织物的形貌结构进行多维度分析的基础上,探讨了微波处理对丝针织物力学性能、透湿透气性能、抗起毛起球性能的影响。结果表明,短时间微波处理有利于丝针织物结构的调整,织物结晶度、顶破强力以及耐磨性小幅提高,织物的透湿、透气性也增加;较长时间微波处理,丝针织物力学性能及透湿、透气性降低,利用合适的微波处理工艺,在织物其他服用性能基本不变或有所改善的前提下,可以改善丝针织物的抗起毛起球性能。     

织物傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱库的建立及应用

针对常规方法鉴别纯纺织物及预测混纺织物组分含量工序多、耗时长且污染环境的问题,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪,结合衰减全反射(ATR)附件测试各纯纺及二组分混纺织物的傅里叶变换衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-IR)图,并从已测的753个样品中筛选出正反经纬组分一致的纯纺及混纺织物样品205个,建立了涤纶/棉、涤纶/羊毛、涤纶/锦纶、蚕丝/棉和涤纶/粘胶等纯纺及混纺织物的ATR-IR谱库。并利用自建谱库的检索功能,对20个未知纤维织物样品进行快速无损鉴别及含量预测。研究表明:对于纯纺织物,识别准确率为100%;对于混纺织物,当误差≤3% 时,通过T检验,其定量预测结果与国标法测定值无显著差异,方便了样品的快速检验与含量预测。     

Combination of grey cotton fabric desizing and gassing treatments with a plasma aided process

In this study, corona plasma discharge was applied to desize polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and starch on cotton fabrics. Plasma treated and non-treated samples were processed in various steps in a textile firm. The samples were tested to evaluate their weight loss, size dissolution, capillarity, dyeability, pilling resistance and strength values. The surface morphology and the chemical structures were examined by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy analyses. The experimental results showed that the plasma has positive effects on size removal, hydrophility and the pilling values of the PVA and also starch sized fabrics.     

Ionic liquid mediated application of nano zinc oxide on cotton fabric for multi-functional properties

In this work, nano zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) was applied onto cotton fabric by exhaustion method using an ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl 3-methyl imidazolium chloride [BMIM][Cl], to improve its uptake and fixation. Effect of temperature on the exhaustion of nano-ZnO in the presence of ionic liquid was investigated. A spectrophotometric method was established to determine the concentration of nano-ZnO in the exhausted bath. Treated cotton fabrics were characterized using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscope, atomic absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Thermo gravimetric analysis and UV spectrophotometry. Washing durability test using the AATCC 61-2003 method demonstrated that the amount of nano-ZnO retained in the cotton substrate was sufficient enough to exhibit 50+ UV protection and 99% inhibition against the tested pathogenic micro-organisms. A plausible mechanism for better exhaustion of nano-ZnO on cotton fabric has been proposed on the basis of ionic liquid driven swelling property of the cotton polymer.