聚氨酯/二氧化硅复合超细纤维膜的制备及其防水透湿性能

为制备具有防水透湿性能的超细纤维膜,在聚氨酯(PU)纺丝液中添加疏水二氧化硅(SiO₂)颗粒,制备PU/SiO₂复合超细纤维膜。通过软件模拟分析了纺丝液浓度和纤维膜厚度对纤维膜孔径的影响,根据静态水接触角、静水压、透气率和透湿率分析了复合超细纤维膜的防水透湿性能,并讨论了不同质量分数SiO₂对PU/SiO₂复合超细纤维膜防水透湿性能的影响。结果表明:复合纤维膜的孔径随着纺丝液浓度的增加而增加,随着纤维膜厚度的增加而减少;当SiO₂质量分数为9%、PU质量分数为18%时,PU/SiO₂复合纤维膜的静态水接触角达到131°,静水压为6.4 kPa,透气率为33.4 mm/s,透湿率为8.065 kg/(m²·d);该条件下复合纤维膜断裂应力为4.16 MPa,断裂伸长率为184%,与纯PU膜相比具有较好的尺寸稳定性。     

疏水疏油聚氨酯纳米纤维膜的制备及防雾霾窗纱的应用研究

为构建一种高效低阻的疏水疏油过滤材料,将含氟聚氨酯(FPU)添加到聚氨酯(PU)纺丝液中,利用静电纺丝技术制备FPU/PU纳米纤维,并对不同FPU添加量的纳米纤维的结构形貌及纳米纤维膜的性能进行系统表征和分析,还将其应用于防雾霾窗纱中,测试防雾霾窗纱的相关过滤性能。结果显示:当PU质量分数为15.00%,NaCl质量分数为0.02%,FPU添加量为12.00%时,所得FPU/PU纳米纤维的直径为112.05 nm, FPU/PU纳米纤维膜的水接触角为142°、油接触角为138°,呈现出良好的疏水疏油性能,且当控制纺丝时间为45 min时,所得防雾霾窗纱的过滤效率可达到91.264%,过滤阻力为48.852 Pa,过滤性能优异,其在空气净化领域有着巨大的应用前景。     

PU/PVDF防水透气共混膜的制备及性能研究

采用静电纺丝法制备聚氨酯/聚偏氟乙烯(PU/PVDF)共混纳米纤维膜,研究PU、PVDF质量分数、溶剂体积配比、溶质质量比对纳米纤维形貌、直径及膜性能的影响,探索共混纤维膜较优制备工艺。结果表明:共混纳米纤维膜较优制备工艺为静电纺丝电压14 kV、接收距离10 cm、纺丝液质量分数12%、溶剂体积配比N,N-二甲基甲酰胺/丙酮为4/6、溶质质量比PU/PVDF为7/3,此条件下可获得具有较优防水透气性能和力学性能的共混膜。     

静电纺丝一步法制备PS-PU复合纳米纤维超疏水表面的研究

将聚苯乙烯(PS)和聚氨酯(PU)溶于二甲基甲酰胺/四氢呋喃(DMF/THF)溶剂[m(DMF)∶m(THF)=1∶1]中,采用静电纺丝一步法制备具有微纳米微球-纤维掺杂结构的PS-PU复合纳米纤维超疏水表面,并探究影响该超疏水表面疏水性的因素。研究结果表明,溶液质量分数、PS和PU质量比及静电纺丝电压、推进速率等均对PS-PU复合纳米纤维超疏水表面的疏水性有较大影响。由单因素试验和三因素三水平正交试验结果可知,当溶液质量分数为3%、m(PS)∶m(PU)=1∶1、纺丝电压为16 kV、推进速率为1.2 mL/h、接收距离为15 cm时,所得PS-PU复合纳米纤维超疏水表面具有最佳的疏水性,且耐水冲击性良好。研究结果可为后续超疏水表面的构建提供参考。     

扩链时间对聚氨酯及其静电纺纳米纤维性能的影响

为了优化聚氨酯纳米纤维膜的力学性能和润湿性能,以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇(PTMG)、4,4′-亚甲基双(苯基异氰酸酯)(4,4′-MDI)和1,4-丁二醇(BDO)为主要原料合成聚氨酯(PU),并利用静电纺丝技术制备PU纳米纤维膜。研究了不同扩链段反应时间对合成聚氨酯物理性质和静电纺纳米纤维膜性能等的影响。采用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、高效液相色谱仪(GPC)、热重分析仪(TG)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、多功能拉伸仪和动态/静态接触角仪对PU结构和纤维膜的形貌性能进行表征。结果表明：当扩链反应时间由90 min增加至120 min时,聚氨酯分子量增加,合成聚氨酯的热稳定性略有提高,纳米纤维的成膜性能增强。当扩链反应时间为120 min时,纳米纤维膜的断裂应力为6.8 MPa,断裂伸长率达到139%;疏水性能随着扩链反应时间的增加明显提高,当扩链反应时间为120 min时,240 s后水接触角仍然高达112°。     

空气过滤用聚氨酯纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能

为拓展静电纺纳米纤维在空气过滤领域中的应用,以聚氨酯(PU)为原料,加入不同种类的盐,采用静电纺丝法制备树枝状PU纳米纤维膜。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、接触角测试仪、红外光谱仪、自动滤料测试仪测试纳米纤维膜的微观结构、亲疏水性、化学结构和过滤性能。结果表明：在PU质量分数14%条件下,添加有机盐TBAC,纺丝电压35 kV时,制备的纳米纤维膜的树枝状分叉结构明显;TBAC的加入使纤维膜的接触角由99.1°减小到82.8°;分叉结构使纳米纤维膜的过滤性能显著提高,与纯PU纳米纤维膜相比,过滤效率从50.8%提高到93.6%,品质因子从0.009提高到0.073,可满足高效低阻空气过滤材料的需求。     

丝素基双层敷料的制备及其性能

针对丝素蛋白(SF)吸水性差、力学性能不足等问题,以丝素蛋白为基材,亲水性葡萄糖(Glu)和塑化剂甘油(Gly)为辅料,通过冷冻干燥法制备得到SF/Glu海绵,然后通过蒸发溶剂法制备聚氨酯(PU)薄膜。通过医用热熔胶黏合SF/Glu海绵与PU薄膜获得丝素基双层敷料,并对双层敷料的结构和性能进行分析。结果表明:在Gly质量分数为0.5%,PU质量分数为8%,Glu质量分数为10%条件下制备的双层敷料,其吸水率高达自身质量的12.5倍,溶失率低于2%,保水时间延长至11 h;Glu和SF的相容性较好,Glu可使SF维持较稳定的β-折叠结构;制备的双层敷料无细胞毒性,且具有阻菌功能。     

热诱导熔接聚氨酯/聚二甲基硅氧烷防水透湿膜的制备及其性能优化

为提高纳米纤维膜的防水、透湿和力学性能,在聚氨酯(PU)纺丝液中添加无氟疏水剂聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS),采用静电纺丝法制备静电纺PU/PDMS防水透湿膜,并在此基材上采用静电喷雾法沉积PU/PDMS微球制备静电喷雾PU/PDMS防水透湿膜;利用热诱导工艺分别对静电纺PU/PDMS和静电喷雾PU/PDMS防水透湿膜进行热处理改性,研究了热处理温度和时间对其形貌、孔径分布、防水性能、透气透湿性能及力学性能的影响,并对其影响机制进行分析。结果表明：静电喷雾PU/PDMS防水透湿膜的防水透湿性能优于静电纺PU/PDMS防水透湿膜,但经热处理后由于膜内部产生更多粘连,导致孔隙率降低,防水透湿性能出现下降;热处理后静电纺PU/PDMS防水透湿膜的孔径大大降低,并使其串珠结构向蛛网结构转化,防水性能和力学性能显著提升,当加热温度为100℃,加热时间为90 min时,其水接触角达到144.7°,透湿率为5 666.7 g/(m²·d),透气率为9.91 mm/s,断裂强度为17.9 MPa,断裂伸长率为210.7%。     

胶原蛋白改性聚乳酸-羟基乙酸载药纳米纤维膜的制备及其性能

为改善聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)基药物载体的降解性能和释药性能,以PLGA为基材,以胶原蛋白(Col)为改性材料,以阿霉素(DOX)为药物模型,利用静电纺丝技术制备得到PLGA/Col/DOX纳米纤维膜,探究了胶原蛋白对其亲疏水性、体外降解性、释药性能及细胞相容性的影响。结果表明：PLGA与Col以3：1的质量比复合制得的纳米纤维膜性能最佳;经胶原蛋白复合改性后,纳米纤维膜的接触角由未改性的93.5°降至51.5°,亲水性显著提高;胶原蛋白改性可大幅提高PLGA的降解性,改性后纳米纤维膜30 d的质量损失速率由未改性的3.5%增加至19%,且改性后纳米载药纤维膜的药物释放速率和细胞相容性明显提高,有利于细胞黏附增殖。     

PDMS/PU/沥青纳米纤维膜复合织物的制备及其性能分析

为制备环境友好的防水透湿织物,通过对喷的方式,以涤棉机织物为接收基布,使用聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)和聚氨酯(PU)为原料,利用静电纺丝技术制备PDMS/PU纳米纤维膜,然后采用静电喷雾法将沥青微球引入该纳米纤维膜,构建特殊微纳米结构,制得PDMS/PU/沥青纳米纤维膜复合织物.探究沥青质量分数对其表面形貌、防水性能、...     

Prototyping and analyzing physical properties of Weft knitted spacer fabrics as a substitute for wound dressings

In this research, the required physical properties of weft knitted spacer fabrics, as an alternative for wound dressings have been investigated. For this purpose, weft knitted spacer fabrics with five different fabric structures have been produced on the electronic flat knitting machine. Moreover, in order to compare the properties of the produced fabrics with available wound dressings in the market, two kinds of wound dressing have been prepared from the market. Then, the physical properties of the spacer fabrics and the wound dressings such as air permeability, water vapor permeability, thermal conductivity, compressibility and absorbency have been measured and compared. The results show that in weft knitted spacer fabrics with the same fabric structure of the outer layer and different inclination angle (the angle formed between the outer layer and the spacer yarn), by decreasing the inclination angle, the fabric air permeability, water vapor permeability and absorbency decrease and the thermal conductivity and compressibility increase. Moreover, the use of tuck stitches in the outer layer of the spacer fabric leads to an increase of air permeability, water vapor permeability, absorbency and thermal conductivity and decrease of compressibility. The wound dressings also exhibit less air permeability and compressibility than weft knitted spacer fabrics. On the other hand, they possess higher water vapor permeability and absorbency. According to the results, among the examined weft knitted spacer fabrics in this research, the fabric with the tuck stitches in the outer layer is specified as the most appropriate alternative for wound dressing, in case of wounds with low exudates.     

聚乳酸纳米纤维基载药敷料的制备与表征

为构筑可自降解、抗菌消炎且轻薄柔软有助于伤口愈合的医用敷料,以聚乳酸为原料,通过掺杂不同质量分数的阿莫西林,采用静电纺丝技术制备聚乳酸纳米纤维基载药敷料。借助扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪、接触角测试仪、紫外分光光度计等手段分析纳米纤维膜的微观结构、润湿性能、药物缓释、抗菌性能以及自降解性能。结果表明：聚乳酸纳米纤维敷料具有多孔结构,敷料纤维直径随载药量增加而降低,敷料载药量3%时,纤维平均直径达684 nm;载药聚乳酸纳米纤维基敷料中阿莫西林与聚乳酸没有发生化学反应,避免了阿莫西林的负面改性;聚乳酸纳米纤维基载药敷料润湿性与抗菌性能随载药量增加而增加,载药3%敷料的接触角降到110°,提高了润湿性,对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率可达91%。聚乳酸纳米纤维载药敷料具有较好的自降解性能和平缓的药物缓释能力,适合用作伤口敷料。     

聚乙烯醇/海藻酸钠/黄连素医用敷料制备及其性能

为提高聚乙烯醇(PVA)/海藻酸钠(SA)医用敷料的抗菌性和耐水性能,采用黄连素(BR)为天然抗菌剂负载在医用敷料上,通过静电纺丝法制备PVA/SA/BR纳米纤维膜,并在氯化钙无水乙醇溶液中进行交联处理,对PVA/SA/BR纳米纤维膜的化学结构、抗菌性能、吸液性能以及力学性能进行表征与分析。结果表明:BR负载在PVA/SA纳米纤维上形成明显串珠,且与PVA/SA结合良好,氯化钙交联处理后PVA/SA/BR纳米纤维膜由网状变为平滑膜状;当BR质量分数为6%时,PVA/SA/BR纳米纤维膜断裂强度为1.76 MPa,其对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率分别为99.41%、97.89%;当氯化钙质量分数为4%,交联时间为4 h时,PVA/SA/BR纳米纤维膜的断裂强度为4.17 MPa,吸液倍率为1 257%。     

丝素基伤口敷料研究进展

目前丝素基伤口敷料的研究主要集中于应用静电纺技术制备含功能性物质的理想伤口敷料。添加纳米金属和抗生素等功能成分虽可增强敷料的抗菌性,却引发了细胞毒性与抗药性,威胁生物体安全。基于此,从创造微湿伤口环境、增强抗菌性能、支持细胞生长和刺激伤口愈合4个方面,综述了近年来国内外通过新型技术、复合多组分材料和功能成分制备丝素基伤口敷料的研究进展;展望了以多组分天然材料为基材,利用新技术制备添加天然抗菌药物敷料的广阔前景,以期为丝素基伤口敷料的临床应用研究提供有益参考。     

乙酰化处理对甲壳胺医用敷料性能的影响

甲壳胺纤维与乙酸酐反应时,通过控制乙酸酐与甲壳胺纤维之间的比例,可以得到不同乙酰度的甲壳胺纤维。研究用乙酸酐改性后甲壳胺纤维及医用敷料的吸湿性能、抗菌性能和拉伸强度。实验结果表明:甲壳胺的乙酰度对敷料的性能有明显的影响;部分乙酰化后的甲壳胺纤维在与水接触后可以把大量的水分吸收进纤维中,使部分乙酰化医用敷料的吸湿性能比未处理的医用敷料有明显的改善;部分乙酰化样品的湿强度和抗菌性能比未处理的样品有所下降。     

抗菌防沾污生物防护材料的制备及其性能

为保护医护人员生命健康安全,研制了一种兼具抗菌和阻隔功能的可重复使用生物防护材料。首先以纳米银(AgNPs)为抗菌剂,热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)为基体,通过静电纺丝技术制备载银TPU纳米纤维膜;然后以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为疏水整理剂,涤纶织物为基材,通过等离子体刻蚀—浸轧PDMS—焙烘工艺制备防沾污织物;最后将制备的载银TPU纳米纤维膜与防沾污织物进行点胶复合制备生物防护材料。测试了生物防护材料的抗湿性能、透湿性能、防水性能及过滤性能等。结果表明：经过50次标准洗涤后,防沾污织物的水接触角达到143.1°;纳米银负载量为300 mg/kg的生物防护材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌率均达到99.99%,且沾湿等级达到5级,水蒸气透过量为2 654.8 g/(m²·24 h),断裂强力为450 N左右,静水压为53.6 kPa,过滤效率达到99%以上。     

Mechanical,Physical, Antioxidant,and Antimicrobial Properties of Gelatin Films Incorporated with Thymol for Potential Use as Nano Wound Dressing

The aim of this study was to determine the properties of gelatin films incorporated with thymol. Gelatin films were prepared from gelatin solutions (10% w/v) containing thymol (1, 2, 4, and 8% w/w), glycerol (25% w/w) as plasticizer, and glutaraldehyde (2% w/w) as cross‐linker. Cross‐likened films showed higher tensile strength, higher elongation at break, lower Young's modulus, lower water solubility, lower swelling, lower water uptake, and lower water vapor permeability. Incorporation of thymol caused a significant decrease in tensile strength, increase in elongation at break, decrease in Young's modulus, increase in water solubility, decrease in swelling and water uptake, and increase in water vapor permeability slightly. The films incorporated with thymol exhibited excellent antioxidant and antibacterial properties. The antibacterial activity of the films containing thymol was greatest against Staphylucoccus aureus followed by Bacillus subtilis followed by Escherichia coli and then by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, gelatin films‐containing thymol can be used as safe and effective source of natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agents with the purpose of evaluating their potential use as modern nano wound dressing. Practical Application : This study clearly demonstrates the potential of gelatin films incorporated with thymol as natural antioxidant and antimicrobial nano film. Such antimicrobial films exhibited excellent mechanical, physical, and water activities and could be used as antibacterial nano wound dressing against wounds burn pathogens.     

水凝胶基医用棉织物敷料的制备及抗菌性能研究

敷料作为临时性替代皮肤屏障功能的医用纺织品在创伤治疗领域不可或缺,传统纺织品类敷料虽价格低廉、应用广泛,但存在无有效的抗感染功能、干燥、易与伤口发生黏连等明显缺点,不利于伤口的抗感染以及渗出液吸收。为解决这一问题,文章通过向棉织物上接枝N,N-二甲基-N-(3-(三甲氧基硅烷基)丙基)十二烷-1-氯化胺(CDMA)以赋予其抗菌性能,然后利用丙烯酸钠/改性聚六亚甲基盐酸胍(MPHMG)溶液对该织物进行浸渍处理并引发成胶,制备水凝胶基棉织物敷料。对浸渍处理前后织物的表面形貌、成分、力学性能、吸液性能、抗菌性能等进行测试,结果表明,该棉织物敷料具有良好的吸液效果以及优异的抗菌性能。     

Soy protein – Poly (lactic acid) bilayer films as biodegradable material for active food packaging

The preparation and characterization of biodegradable bilayer films from isolated soy protein (SPI) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) were carried out in this work. The films showed high transparency and strong adhesion between layers without adding an extra component, or without chemically modifying the film surfaces. The application of the PLA layer largely increased the mechanical properties of the films with respect to those of pure SPI films. Furthermore, the hydrophobic characteristics of the PLA layer improved film performance under conditions in which water was involved, markedly decreasing the amount of total soluble matter, the swelling index and the water vapor permeability. The biodegradation under soil burial conditions was evaluated measuring weight loss as a function of time, showing a two-step degradation and a faster degradation rate for the protein component compared to those of PLA layer. The films prepared were evaluated as active packaging by incorporation of an antifungal and an antibacterial agent (natamycin and thymol, respectively) to the SPI layer, showing a marked growth inhibition of mold, yeast and two strains of bacteria by in-vitro microbiological assays.