热处理对Ti8LC合金硬度和组织影响

利用光学和扫描电镜观察固溶和时效热处理后Ti8LC合金的微观结构变化规律,分析微观组织的变化与合金硬度之间的相关性,揭示不同热处理方式对其显微组织的影响。结果表明,提高固溶和时效热处理温度,合金组织从片层变为块状结构。固溶处理温度升高,合金的硬度降低。当处理温度为1 000℃时,合金发生相变,形成致密的β相,硬度达到最高。     

GH738高温合金长期时效过程中γ'相演变规律

研究了镍基GH738高温合金经两种热处理后分别在550、750、800和850℃下,时效0～ 4500 h后γ'强化相形貌与硬度性能之间的关联性.结果表明,在长期时效过程中,经两种热处理后,γ'强化相随温度升高和时间延长而长大,但温度比时间影响更明显;γ'相粗化速率随着时效温度的升高和γ'相初始尺寸的增大而增大;γ'相的粗化符合L-S-W熟化理论;长期时效中γ'相的长大初期粗化速率较高;经过550℃长期时效后组织及性能几乎没有变化,表明合金在该温度下具有良好的组织稳定性;同时获得两种热处理后长期时效γ'相长大激活能;两种热处理制度下,时效硬度随温度变化大致呈下降趋势,亚固溶热处理后合金时效硬度明显高于过固溶热处理后的硬度;同时发现在750、800和850℃温度下,随着温度升高合金强化相的数量逐渐降低,从而导致合金强化相体积分数的降低.     

喷射沉积过共晶铝硅合金热处理工艺的研究

采用正交试验法对喷射沉积过共晶铝硅合金挤压坯的固溶+人工时效处理工艺进行优化,研究固溶和人工时效的温度及时间对挤压态合金组织结构的影响,测定不同热处理后合金的硬度和耐磨性,确定最佳的热处理工艺.结果表明,固溶温度、固溶时间、时效时间和时效温度对过共晶铝硅合金组织和性能的影响依次降低.并得 出最佳的热处理工艺为520℃×3h 固溶+120℃×10h时效,处理后合金的硬度为84.4HB,相对耐磨性为原始挤压态试样的1.22倍.     

固溶时效热处理对A286合金组织演变规律的影响

对A286铁基高温合金进行固溶温度+时效两段式热处理工艺优化研究。采用固溶热处理制度为930~1020℃/4 h/WC,固溶时间为0~4 h。合金时效研究采用640~790℃/4 h/AC热处理;在时效温度730℃条件下,研究0~16 h时效时间对合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明:随着固溶温度上升和时间延长,合金晶粒尺寸有一定程度长大,但硬度逐渐下降;随着时效温度提高及时间延长,合金的硬度先升高而后降低;在固溶热处理过程中,合金随着固溶处理温度提高及时间的延长,γ'相回溶入基体;当固溶后的时效温度提高至700℃才析出γ'强化相;随着时效时间延长,析出的γ'强化相发生粗化;合金时效γ'强化相粗化过程符合Ostwald熟化长大规律,计算值与实际值相关系数大于97%;同时,确定了最佳的热处理工艺制度。     

热处理对含Si蒙乃尔合金组织及硬度的影响

研究了热处理工艺对含Si蒙乃尔合金组织及硬度的影响。结果表明:固溶温度在820～1120℃之间,合金随着固溶温度的升高,晶界处的β-Ni3Si相的数量明显减少;当固溶温度达到1020℃时,晶界处β-Ni3Si相完全溶解;随着固溶温度的进一步升高,当温度达到1120℃时,晶界因熔化而出现了鱼骨状过烧组织。时效温度在500～700℃之间,合金随着时效温度的升高,合金中的β-Ni3Si强化相的数量逐渐增加,硬度也随之增大;在时效温度为600℃时,β-Ni3Si强化相析出的数量最多,合金硬度最高;时效温度为700℃时,合金中的部分β-Ni3Si相聚集长大,合金硬度降低。     

多阶段热处理对GH738合金组织和室温硬度的影响

研究了GH738合金在固溶+稳定化+时效处理的多阶段热处理过程中组织演化规律和相应的室温硬度变化,构建了该合金组织演化的定性模型。结果表明,固溶温度高于γ’相回溶温度时,合金最终组织为连续晶界碳化物和尺寸均匀的γ’相;当固溶温度低于γ’相回溶温度时,在低稳定化温度下晶界碳化物成断续、颗粒状,晶内存在大、小两种尺寸的γ’相。稳定化处理制度为850 ℃×100 min时,合金可以获得最大的室温硬度。     

7075铝合金的热处理工艺与组织性能研究

研究了固溶和时效热处理对锻态7075合金显微组织、硬度和拉伸力学性能的影响,并对断口形貌进行了观察。结果表明,锻态7075合金中的第二相主要为Al7Cu2Fe、η(Mg Zn2)和S(Al2Cu Mg)相;经过固溶处理后,晶界处η(Mg Zn2)相已经回溶至基体中;固溶温度为480℃时组织中存在Al7Cu2Fe相,而η(Mg Zn2)和S(Al2Cu Mg)相消失;随固溶温度升高,合金显微硬度先上升后减小,在470℃时显微硬度最高;随固溶时间延长,显微硬度先上升后降低,在240 min时硬度最大;延长时效时间,合金抗拉强度和屈服强度都有所提高,而断后伸长率略有降低;7075合金经470℃×240 min固溶以及125℃×24 h时效后可以获得良好的强度和塑性。     

热处理工艺对6082铝合金组织和性能的影响

研究了形变后的6082铝合金热处理工艺参数对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明:合金固溶时效后获得大量均匀分布的Mg_2Si强化相;随着固溶温度升高、固溶时间和时效时间的延长,合金时效后的硬度呈现出先升高后降低的趋势。6082铝合金较适宜的热处理工艺参数为555℃×4 h固溶水淬+175℃×10 h时效处理。     

热处理工艺对G110合金组织与力学性能的影响

通过力学性能试验和显微组织观察,研究了热处理工艺对G110合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,随固溶温度的升高,室温硬度和冲击性能变化不大,700℃高温强度变化不大,高温塑性逐渐下降,1020℃固溶可以获得均匀的再结晶组织;随时效温度的提高,γ'相析出数量逐渐增加,室温强度先升高后降低,700℃高温强度逐渐增加,高温塑性逐渐下降,800℃时效具有较高的室温、高温综合力学性能。G110合金最佳的热处理工艺为1020℃固溶+800℃时效。     

热处理对NCu30-4-2-1合金组织与性能的影响

本文采用差示扫描量热仪及透射电子显微镜研究了热处理工艺对NCu30-4-2-1合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,固溶温度为850 ℃时,合金组织变化不明显;随着固溶温度的提高,枝晶间共晶组织逐渐溶解,当固溶温度为950 ℃时,枝晶组织基本消失,合金中β强化相基本溶入固溶体基体中,形成单相过饱和固溶体组织;继续提高固溶温度至1050 ℃时,晶粒异常长大。增加时效温度和时间,合金硬度值先增大,达到峰值后趋于平稳。合金经时效处理600 ℃×8 h,主要析出相为细小弥散分布的β´-Ni₃Si相,并与基体保持良好共格关系,合金强度硬度最大,断后伸长率较高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。