A novel CRT-based watermarking technique for authentication of multimedia contents

Digital watermarking techniques have been proposed as a solution to the problem of copyright protection of multimedia data. In this paper, we propose a novel Chinese remainder theorem (CRT)-based technique for digital watermarking. The use of CRT for this purpose provides additional security along with resistance to some familiar attacks. We have shown that this technique is quite resilient to addition of the noise. We have compared performance of the proposed technique with recently reported two singular value decomposition (SVD)-based watermarking techniques and shown its superior performance in terms of tampering assessment function (TAF), computational efficiency and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR). For example, the embedding time of the proposed CRT-based scheme is 6 and 3 times faster than the SVD-based Schemes 1 and 2, respectively. This technique can also be applied to document, audio and video contents.     

Adaptive reversible watermarking for authentication and privacy protection of medical records

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Medical systems, such as PACS or scanners, are vulnerable to security and forgery attacks. Consequently, medical records, such as patient information and medical...     

Encrypted separable reversible watermarking with authentication and error correction

Reversible Watermarking (RW) in encrypted images helps to reconstruct the original content and embedded data without distortion while protecting the owner’s privacy. The security and integrity of embedded data is very much demanding. In this paper, an efficient RW method is proposed that recovers the embedded data from the marked encrypted color palette images in the presence of attacks. In this method, embeddable color-triples are constructed by employing color partitioning. Next, the cryptographic SHA-256 hash and Bose–Chaudhuri–Hocquenghem (BCH) are applied over the secret information to ensure the authenticity and integrity. The hash authenticated secret data is embedded into the encrypted color palette image. The secret data is extracted using the separable color partitioning method and authenticated with cryptographic hash function. The proposed method has higher embedding capacity when compared to other relative schemes. The BCH codes helps to recover the secret data and cover image in the presence of noise and attacks.

     

Secure multimodal biometric authentication with wavelet quantization based fingerprint watermarking

As malicious attacks greatly threaten the security and reliability of biometric systems, ensuring the authenticity of biometric data is becoming increasingly important. In this paper we propose a watermarking-based two-stage authentication framework to address this problem. During data collection, face features are embedded into a fingerprint image of the same individual as data credibility token and secondary authentication source. At the first stage of authentication, the credibility of input data is established by checking the validness of extracted patterns. Due to the specific characteristics of face watermarks, the face detection based classification strategies are introduced for reliable watermark verification instead of conventional correlation based watermark detection. If authentic, the face patterns can further serve as supplemental identity information to facilitate subsequential biometric authentication. In this framework, one critical issue is to guarantee the robustness and capacity of watermark while preserving the discriminating features of host fingerprints. Hence a wavelet quantization based watermarking approach is proposed to adaptively distribute watermark energy on significant DWT coefficients of fingerprint images. Experimental results which evaluate both watermarking and biometric authentication performance demonstrate the effectiveness of this work.     

Region-based reversible medical image watermarking algorithm for privacy protection and integrity authentication

Medical images are widely used in telemedicine, sharing and electronic transmission between hospitals. While enjoying convenience, medical images also face privacy disclosure, illegal copy and malicious tamper, etc. It is highly important to ensure privacy and integrity of medical images. Cogitating the above needs, a reversible medical image watermarking algorithm for privacy protection and integrity authentication is proposed. Firstly, the medical image is divided into the ROI (Region of Interest) and RONI (Region of Non-Interest) based on active contour model. Then, the proposed “Three-Dimensional Watermarks” are generated, including authentication watermark, restoration watermark and privacy watermark, which are produced by the novel Parallel Lattice Hash Function, the proposed Neighborhood Difference Method, and the proposed encryption algorithm, respectively. Moreover, “Double-Layer Reversible Embedding Strategy Based on Difference Expansion” is modified in ROI to improve embedding capacity, and “Histogram Modification Reversible Embedding Strategy of Difference Image” is modified to adaptively acquire four or more peak points, which is more flexible than common algorithms. Experimental results confirm the efficient of the proposed scheme, and demonstrate it not only realizes privacy protection, integrity authentication, reversibility, but also holds the characteristics of higher security, larger capacity and better restoration quality.

     

Efficient watermarking technique for protection and authentication of document images

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, a hashing based watermarking technique for the protection and authentication of document image is proposed. Message Digest 5 (MD5) hashing is...     

一种用于图像内容认证的数字水印新方法

依据内容认证的特点和JPEG压缩原理提出一种半脆弱水印嵌入方法。该方法对原始图像进行分块DCT变换,每块取三个DCT低频系数,把这三个系数量化后取最低有效位,与水印的对应位进行异或运算得到密钥;再取三个高频系数进行异或等运算得到另一密钥。认证时使用这两个密钥来恢复水印信息。实验结果表明,该方法对JPEG压缩具有很好的鲁棒性,同时对滤波和加噪等处理具有很好的易碎性,适合于图像的内容认证。由于该水印方法不改变原图像,因而可应用于画面清晰度要求高的多媒体和认证系统中。     

基于压缩域水印的AVS视频认证*

为了提高压缩域视频水印的安全性,提出一种基于压缩域的AVS视频认证水印新算法。它从视频空间的三维特性出发,利用I帧分块能量关系、GOP结构信息、帧结构信息等构造特征码。在嵌入算法上,将特征码同时嵌入到中频DCT系数和运动矢量中,在认证端将重建特征值和提取的双水印进行比较。仿真实验结果表明,该算法具有较好的窜改认证能力。     

A public fragile watermarking scheme for 3D model authentication

A public fragile watermarking scheme based on the sensitivity of vertex geometry is proposed for 3D model authentication. In the 3D fragile watermarking embedding, slightly perturbing the positions of a subset of vertices is usually needed to keep them in some predefined relationship with their neighboring vertices. Two problems frequently arise in the embedding stage: the causality problem and the convergence problem. The causality problem arises while the neighboring relationship of a former processed vertex is influenced by the perturbing of its latter processed neighboring vertices. The convergence problem means that the original model has been heavily distorted before some vertices reach the predefined relationship. In this paper, we propose a multi-function vertex embedding method and an adjusting-vertex method to overcome these two problems. The proposed method does not need the original model and watermarks for authentication; moreover, the key for extracting watermarks is relatively smaller than that of previous works. For some artistic or technical models, sometimes it is very important to control the distortion ratio caused by watermark embedding. Our method can control the average distortion by the keys used in watermark embedding. Experimental and analytic results on various kinds of 3D models show the effectiveness of the scheme.     

一种新的用于音频认证数字水印算法

为确保数字音频数据感知意义上的完整性,提出了一种新的音频认证水印算法。该算法把原始音频分帧,每帧分为两节,在第一节时域中嵌入同步码,将第二节进行DCT变换,计算邻帧关系向量,并将其作为水印信息嵌入其他帧第二节的DCT中频系数。认证时,计算邻帧关系误差,据事先设定的阈值来判断音频是否被窜改,若遭受窜改,可进行窜改定位。仿真实验表明,该算法在无原始水印参与的情况下,不仅可以实现音频媒体的完整性认证,而且窜改定位准确。     

一种用于彩色图像认证的脆弱性数字水印方法

针对彩色图像认证问题,提出一种基于混合视觉双稳态置乱系统的脆弱性数字水印算法。该算法将图像分块,由各块亮度值确定混沌序列长度及嵌入深度,将各点位置信息、最高有效位颜色信息,以及自定义的密钥作为混沌系统的初值,各块不同深度地将水印序列嵌入各点R,G,B分量中。检测定位时比较提取的水印和生成的水印,直接得到差异图像。理论分析及实验结果证明,使用该方法嵌入水印后图像质量高,且篡改定位能力强。     

一种新的JPEG图像认证半脆弱水印算法

提出了一种用于JPEG图像认证的半脆弱数字水印算法,它根据JPEG图像压缩过程中的DCT系数的不变性原理进行水印生成和嵌入调制,并结合一种有效的算法隐性地考虑到所有非零DCT系数的符号、大小关系,在未增加水印信息嵌入强度的情况下,实现了图像应对变换域攻击的更有效保护。同时,在检测算法中加入对虚警区的判断,增加了对窜改区域定位的准确性。实验表明,该算法实现的水印有很好的视觉透明度,有效的承受JPEG压缩,同时对其他恶意篡改敏感并能够准确定位篡改位置。     

用于图像认证的数字水印技术综述

随着网络技术和媒体信息数字化的飞速发展,用于图像认证的数字水印技术成为目前研究的热点。主要阐述了当前用于认证的数字图像水印技术的特征、认证系统框架,详细讨论了脆弱水印和半脆弱水印的算法和研究现状,并对认证数字水印技术的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

实用的完全脆弱认证水印算法*

提出一种完全脆弱认证水印算法用于图像完整性认证、窜改定位和近似恢复被窜改部分。算法基于对原始图像2×2大小分块,计算图像块各像素高6 bit的灰度均值作为水印,利用混沌和置乱技术对水印信息进行加密和确定水印比特嵌入的位置。实验结果表明,该算法简单、安全性高,窜改精确定位到2×2图像块,可对窜改区域近似恢复,具有较好的实用性。     

A self-recovery fragile watermarking scheme for image authentication with superior localization

To address the problems of the inferior localization and high probability of false rejection in existing self-recovery fragile watermarking algorithms, this paper proposes a new self-recovery fragile watermarking scheme with superior localization, and further discusses the probability of false rejection （PFR） and the probability of false acceptance （PFA） of the proposed scheme. Moreover, four measurements are defined to evaluate the quality of a recovered image. In the proposed algorithm, the original image is divided into 2×2 blocks to improve localization precision and decrease PFR under occurrence of random tampering. The PFR under occurrence of region tampering can be effectively decreased by randomly embedding the watermark of each block in conjunction with a novel method of tamper detection. Compared with the current self-recovery fragile watermarking algorithms, the proposed scheme not only resolves the tamper detection problem of self-embedding watermarking, but also improves the robustness against the random tampering of self-embedding watermarking. In addition, the subjective measurements are provided to evaluate the performance of the self-recovery watermarking schemes for image authentication.     

面向图像内容认证的半脆弱数字水印算法

提出一种半脆弱数字水印算法,用于确认图像内容的真实性和完整性。算法首先将缩放图像的边缘作为特征信息,并对特征信息进行混沌调制和私钥加密得到水印信息;然后结合人类视觉系统将水印信息嵌入到载体图像的小波域中;最后用户利用公钥从水印图像中提取特征信息,并与重建的特征信息进行匹配来实现认证。实验结果表明：该算法对常规操作具有免疫性,对恶意处理能够实现准确认证和篡改定位。     

Robust watermarking of fingerprint images

This paper introduces two spatial methods in order to embed watermark data into fingerprint images, without corrupting their features. The first method inserts watermark data after feature extraction, thus preventing watermarking of regions used for fingerprint classification. The method utilizes an image adaptive strength adjustment technique which results in watermarks with low visibility. The second method introduces a feature adaptive watermarking technique for fingerprints, thus applicable before feature extraction. For both of the methods, decoding does not require original fingerprint image. Unlike most of the published spatial watermarking methods, the proposed methods provide high decoding accuracy for fingerprint images. High data hiding and decoding performance for color images is also observed.     

用于版权和内容认证的音频水印

提出了一种多功能水印算法,能同时对数字音频版权和内容完整性进行认证。首先将代表版权信息的二值图像以零水印方式嵌入音频美尔倒谱系数（MFCC）,再将该系数转换成二进制串,作为最终的水印信息以量化方式嵌入音频离散余弦变换（DCT）域。检测时可实现两种水印信息的盲提取。实验结果表明,该方法不但对音频内容的恶意篡改非常敏感,而且能够定位出被篡改音频的位置;此外,还能有效抵抗诸如滤波、MP3压缩等常规信号处理操作,正确恢复版权信息。