基于XUnit的自动生成的ROSE插件的设计与实现

测试驱动开发是极限编程的精髓。本文设计并实现了一个ROSE插件，此插件可以根据系统的UML模型自动生成一个基于Xunit的测试框架，以进行测试驱动开发或者单元测试，为测试驱动开发提供了一个理想而简单的途径。     

Operational definition and automated inference of test-driven development with Zorro

Test-driven development (TDD) is a style of development named for its most visible characteristic: the design and implementation of test cases prior to the implementation of the code required to make them pass. Many claims have been made for TDD: that it can improve implementation as well as design quality, that it can improve productivity, that it results in 100% coverage, and so forth. However, research to validate these claims has yielded mixed and sometimes contradictory results. We believe that at least part of the reason for these results stems from differing interpretations of the TDD development style, along with an inability to determine whether programmers actually follow whatever definition of TDD is in use. Zorro is a system designed to automatically determine whether a developer is complying with an operational definition of Test-Driven Development (TDD) practices. Automated recognition of TDD can benefit the software development community in a variety of ways, from inquiry into the “true nature” of TDD, to pedagogical aids to support the practice of test-driven development, to support for more rigorous empirical studies on the effectiveness of TDD in both laboratory and real world settings.     

Besouro: A framework for exploring compliance rules in automatic TDD behavior assessment

ContextThe improvements promoted by Test-Driven Design (TDD) have not been confirmed by quantitative assessment studies. To a great extent, the problem lies in the lack of a rigorous definition for TDD. An emerging approach has been to measure the conformance of TDD practices with the support of automated systems that embed an operational definition, which represent the specific TDD process assumed and the validation tests used to determine its presence and quantity. The empirical construction of TDD understanding and consensus building requires the ability of comparing different definitions, evaluating them with regard to practitioners’ perception, and exploring code information for improvement of automatic assessment.ObjectiveThis paper describes Besouro, a framework targeted at the development of systems for automatic TDD behavior assessment. The main rationale of Besouro’s design is the ability to compare distinct operational definitions, evaluate them with regard to users’ perception, and explore code information for further analysis and conformance assessment improvement.MethodWe developed an architecture with clear separation of concerns, which enables to vary: (a) the atomic events and respective metrics to be collected from developing and testing environments; (b) the organization of atomic events in streams of actions or processes; and (c) the classification and assessment components for each set of operational definitions adopted. The architecture also includes a mechanism for on-line user assessment awareness and feedback, and integrates event-related information with the respective code in a code version system.ResultsWe illustrate the usefulness of Besouro’s features for understanding the actions and processes underlying TDD through a prototype developed to support an experiment based on user feedback. We show how it was possible to compare variations of a same operational definition by exploring users’ feedback, and use source code to improve the automatic classification of TDD practices.ConclusionUnderstanding the actions and processes underlying successful TDD application is key for leveraging TDD benefits. In the absence of a rigorous definition for TDD, the proposed approach aims at building consensus from experimentation and empirical validation.     

LTE下行MIMO模式自适应切换算法

由于用户在各种不同场景下采用不同的MIMO模式可以达到不同的传输效果,为了使用户达到平均吞吐量和频谱效率的最佳要求,提高系统传输率,研究了TDD LTE系统下行MIMO模式切换技术。搭建TDD LTE下行业务控制信道PDSCH仿真平台,对MIMO传输模式进行仿真实验,通过比较不同模式下的误码率和吞吐量的仿真结果,确定切换门限,提出MIMO模式自适应切换算法。在实际应用中,根据这种算法自适应地配置适合的MIMO技术,可以最大限度的提高系统频谱利用率,此方法优于单独采用一种MIMO技术达到的传输效率。     

Test-Driven Development in Large Projects

Test-driven development (TDD) is a key practice for agile developers because it involves writing test cases ahead of the code, which can improve design. The TDD process works well for projects in which a collocated team develops a small to medium system, but it can be challenging for large systems, especially those involving geographically distributed teams. The main obstacle is the degree of integration: when the team must integrate many individual classes developed at distributed sites, the coordination and communication grows exponentially with the number of individual developers and sites. This does not mean that TDD is ineffective for large-scale geographically distributed projects, but developers must take care to account for its focus on unit testing and its failure to rigorously address communications issues during system and integration testing. In this article, suggestions to scale up TDD are presented with two large-scale global software development projects at a major corporation and a recent meeting to exchange global software development best practices with a Fortune 500 company     

测试驱动开发及开发实践

极限编程是适应于中小型团队在需求不明确或迅速变化的情况下进行软件开发的轻量级方法学。测试驱动开发作为极限编程思想的一种主要实践,可以有效地让程序开发人员开发出更高品质的、经过完整测试的程序。文中介绍了测试驱动开发思想,对测试驱动开发过程给出了清晰的流程,总结了测试驱动开发的多种模式。最后介绍了如何用JUnit进行测试驱动开发。     

The effectiveness of test-driven development: an industrial case study

Test-driven development (TDD) is a software development practice, where test cases are incrementally written before implementing the production code. This paper presents the results of a multi-case study investigating the effectiveness of TDD within an industrial environment. Three comparable medium-sized projects were observed during their development cycle. Two projects were driven without TDD practice, while the third one introduced TDD into the development process. The effectiveness of TDD was expressed in terms of external code quality, productivity, and maintainability. Our results indicate that the TDD developers produced higher quality code that is easier to maintain, although we did observe a reduction in productivity.     

测试驱动开发探究

测试驱动开发是与传统程序开发方式相反的一种新型程序设计方法.它以测试编码来推动程序设计,大大缩减了设计和编码的冗余度.介绍了测试驱动开发基本思想、本质,并对测试驱动开发过程给出了清晰的流程,总结了测试驱动开发的优点.     

基于过程模型随机仿真的TDD模块选取建模方法研究*

为了帮助项目经理合理选择TDD实施模块,基于进程代数方法对测试驱动软件开发过程和非测试驱动软件开发过程建立过程仿真模型。通过用例度量软件模块的复杂性来获取随机变量参数对模型调参,并采用该模型得到仿真结果。提出TDD模块选取算法来分析仿真结果并得出最佳TDD实施策略,最终为项目经理提供合理的决策。     

基于测试驱动技术的GUI开发研究

针对TDD环境下GUI开发这一难点,在研究当前解决方案的基础上提出了新的解决思路,通过实现一个GUI自动化测试系统作为解决方案的重要组成部分。     

Innovative design of hollow polymeric microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

Hypodermic injections give the best results in terms of drug administration efficiency, but benefit from a negative image among patients due to the fear of pain linked to needles. Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has thus been greatly developed in the past ten years in order to be able to by-pass the skin protective layers in a minimally invasive way. With the advent of micro electro mechanical systems, opportunities have appeared, particularly in the area of microneedles. In this paper we present a new design of hollow polymeric microneedles aimed at being used for TDD by allowing injection of a liquid in the non-innerve part of the dermis. The design has been studied in order to be able to manufacture these microneedles arrays using techniques that may be applicable to industrial production at low cost. The envisioned microfabrication processes and their stacking are presented which involve injection micromolding and excimer laser ablation. Microneedles are also numerically characterized in terms of mechanics and microfluidics showing that the design also involves interesting features in terms of needles resistance and microfluidic. Due to the innovative double-molding technique, the micro-needles are indeed emptied leaving a cavity. An outlet channel on the side of the needle allows fluid flowing out of the needles. The characteristics of this outlet channel contribute to flow homogenization when several needles are placed in an array pattern. This microneedle design thus combines interesting characteristics in terms of ease of fabrication at large scale, mechanical resistance and fluid dynamics.

     

Innovative design of hollow polymeric microneedles for transdermal drug delivery

Hypodermic injections give the best results in terms of drug administration efficiency, but benefit from a negative image among patients due to the fear of pain linked to needles. Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) has thus been greatly developed in the past ten years in order to be able to by-pass the skin protective layers in a minimally invasive way. With the advent of micro electro mechanical systems, opportunities have appeared, particularly in the area of microneedles. In this paper we present a new design of hollow polymeric microneedles aimed at being used for TDD by allowing injection of a liquid in the non-innerve part of the dermis. The design has been studied in order to be able to manufacture these microneedles arrays using techniques that may be applicable to industrial production at low cost. The envisioned microfabrication processes and their stacking are presented which involve injection micromolding and excimer laser ablation. Microneedles are also numerically characterized in terms of mechanics and microfluidics showing that the design also involves interesting features in terms of needles resistance and microfluidic. Due to the innovative double-molding technique, the micro-needles are indeed emptied leaving a cavity. An outlet channel on the side of the needle allows fluid flowing out of the needles. The characteristics of this outlet channel contribute to flow homogenization when several needles are placed in an array pattern. This microneedle design thus combines interesting characteristics in terms of ease of fabrication at large scale, mechanical resistance and fluid dynamics.     

测试驱动开发在J2EE项目中的全程实践

测试驱动开发（TDD）作为极限编程的重要思想正在日益流行,也显示出诸多优越性。本文在介绍了有关TDD的背景知识和编写步骤之后,以成熟的整合框架（Struts＋Spring ＋Hibernate）为例,分析了J2EE项目下每层所使用的测试技术和工具,以试图说明TDD可以迅速加快开发过程并产生更高质量的软件,使代码更易于理解和重构。     

基于TDD的无线语音通信协议的研究

基于TDD方式的无线通信系统在国内目前的应用中还相对较少,但随着我国的TD-SCDMA标准不断深入而越来越受到重视。而语音通信在无线通信中一直占据着重要地位,而且应用领域也在不断扩大。本文在基于以TDD技术为基础的无线语音通信系统中,制定了时分双工通讯协议,并通过编程实现了无线语音双工通信。     

遥控机器人触觉显示器

操作遥控机器人时，希望将远方的触觉传感器的信息以触觉方式重现给操作者．这就需要触觉显示部件．本文介绍了触觉显示部件的原理，发展和分类，描述了人类的触觉生理机制，并对触觉显示部件在遥控机器人中的应用及发展前景作出评价     

Boosting learning and inference in Markov logic through metaheuristics

Markov Logic (ML) combines Markov networks (MNs) and first-order logic by attaching weights to first-order formulas and using these as templates for features of MNs. State-of-the-art structure learning algorithms in ML maximize the likelihood of a database by performing a greedy search in the space of structures. This can lead to suboptimal results because of the incapability of these approaches to escape local optima. Moreover, due to the combinatorially explosive space of potential candidates these methods are computationally prohibitive. We propose a novel algorithm for structure learning in ML, based on the Iterated Local Search (ILS) metaheuristic that explores the space of structures through a biased sampling of the set of local optima. We show through real-world experiments that the algorithm improves accuracy and learning time over the state-of-the-art algorithms. On the other side MAP and conditional inference for ML are hard computational tasks. This paper presents two algorithms for these tasks based on the Iterated Robust Tabu Search (IRoTS) metaheuristic. The first algorithm performs MAP inference and we show through extensive experiments that it improves over the state-of-the-art algorithm in terms of solution quality and inference time. The second algorithm combines IRoTS steps with simulated annealing steps for conditional inference and we show through experiments that it is faster than the current state-of-the-art algorithm maintaining the same inference quality.     

A performance comparison of mobility anchor point selection schemes in Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 networks

Hierarchical Mobile IPv6 (HMIPv6) introduces a mobility anchor point (MAP) that localizes the signaling traffic and hence reduces the handoff latency. In addition to processing binding update messages from mobile nodes (MNs) on behalf of MNs’ home agents (HAs), the MAP performs data traffic tunneling destined to or originated from MNs, both of which will burden the MAP substantially as the network size grows. To provide scalable and robust mobile Internet services to a large number of visiting MNs, multiple MAPs will be deployed. In such an environment, how to select an appropriate MAP has a vital effect on the overall network performance. In this paper, we choose four MAP selection schemes: the furthest MAP selection scheme, the nearest MAP selection scheme, the mobility-based MAP selection scheme, and the adaptive MAP selection scheme. Then, we compare their performances quantitatively in terms of signaling overhead and load balancing. It can be shown that the dynamic schemes (i.e., the mobility-based and the adaptive MAP selection schemes) are better than the static schemes (i.e., the furthest and the nearest MAP selection schemes), since the dynamic schemes can select the serving MAP depending on the MN’s characteristics, e.g., mobility and session activity. In addition, the adaptive MAP selection scheme achieves low implementation overhead and better load balancing compared with the mobility-based MAP selection scheme.     

测试驱动开发探究

测试驱动开发是与传统程序开发方式相反的一种新型程序设计方法。它以测试编码来推动程序设计,大大缩减了设计和编码的冗余度。介绍了测试驱动开发基本思想、本质,并对测试驱动开发过程给出了清晰的流程,总结了测试驱动开发的优点。     

An industry experiment on the effects of test-driven development on external quality and productivity

Existing empirical studies on test-driven development (TDD) report different conclusions about its effects on quality and productivity. Very few of those studies are experiments conducted with software professionals in industry. We aim to analyse the effects of TDD on the external quality of the work done and the productivity of developers in an industrial setting. We conducted an experiment with 24 professionals from three different sites of a software organization. We chose a repeated-measures design, and asked subjects to implement TDD and incremental test last development (ITLD) in two simple tasks and a realistic application close to real-life complexity. To analyse our findings, we applied a repeated-measures general linear model procedure and a linear mixed effects procedure. We did not observe a statistical difference between the quality of the work done by subjects in both treatments. We observed that the subjects are more productive when they implement TDD on a simple task compared to ITLD, but the productivity drops significantly when applying TDD to a complex brownfield task. So, the task complexity significantly obscured the effect of TDD. Further evidence is necessary to conclude whether TDD is better or worse than ITLD in terms of external quality and productivity in an industrial setting. We found that experimental factors such as selection of tasks could dominate the findings in TDD studies.