三元乙丙橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法与应用前景

橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的优异性能使其成为橡胶工业中富有潜力的一类新型材料。笔者综述了三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法、性能和工业应用领域等，讨论了蒙脱土片层的表面修饰、插层剂的选择以及复合材料的制备方法对材料性能的影响，并提出了三元乙丙橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料这一新型橡胶材料在轮胎工业上的应用前景。     

PP/黏土纳米复合材料的结构与性能

采用熔体插层法制备聚丙烯（PP）/有机黏土（OMMT）纳米复合材料。XRD和TEM的测试结果表明,采用熔体插层法制备的PP/OMMT复合材料是剥离型纳米复合材料。力学性能实验结果表明,相容剂的加入提高了PP与OMMT之间的相互作用,使其各项力学性能都得到了提高;PP/OMMT纳米复合材料的各项力学性能在有机黏土含量较小的情况下,就可以有较大幅度的提高;与纯PP相比,相容剂含量为10 phr、有机黏土用量为1 phr的聚丙烯基纳米复合材料具有最好的各项力学性能。     

PVC／有机黏土纳米复合材料的制备及性能研究

采用熔融插层法制备了聚氯乙烯（P、忙）／有机黏土纳米复合材料并进行了表征，研究了PVC／有机黏土纳米复合材料的力学性能及稳定性。X射线衍射分析表明PVC／有机黏土纳米复合材料为剥离型纳米复合材料。PVC基体的断裂伸长率、冲击强度和拉伸强度分别为5．4％、4．07kJ·m^-2 32．53MPa，而P、忙／有机黏土纳米复合材料的相应值分别为12．3％、5．08kJ·m^-2 34．7MPa，分别比PVC基体提高1．3倍，25％和7％。PVC/有机黏土纳米复合材料维卡软化点没有明显的提高。     

乙丙橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法

由上海交通大学申请的专利（专利号CN1683449，公开日期2005—10—19）“乙丙橡胶／蒙脱土纳米复合材料的制备方法”，涉及的EPR／蒙脱土纳米复合材料由EPR、蒙脱土、插层剂、活性剂、促进剂和硫化剂组成。其制备方法为：首先将EPR、蒙脱土和插层剂加入密炼机（30～120℃）中进行混炼制得一段混炼胶，然后将一段混炼胶、     

丁基橡胶/有机黏土纳米复合材料的结构和性能

采用溶液插层法制备了丁基橡胶／有机黏土纳米复合材料,并用透射电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪研究了该纳米复合材料的形态结构。结果表明,丁基橡胶／有机黏土纳米复合材料是插层型的纳米复合材料。与丁基橡胶相比,该纳米复合材料具有优异的力学性能和气体阻隔性能,并且这2种性能均随有机黏土用量的增加而增强。填料的形状会对该纳米复合材料的气体阻隔性能产生影响。     

有机插层剂对粘土/EPDM纳米复合材料性能的影响

研究了一种新型有机插层剂对双羟基烷基季铵盐蒙脱土/EPDM纳米复合材料性能的影响.结果发现,以双羟基烷基季铵盐处理粘土,在高温高转速熔融共混后,所得到的EPDM硫化胶具有优异的力学性能.X射线衍射发现,形成的粘土/EPDM纳米复合材料为剥离型结构.     

三元乙丙橡胶/蒙脱土纳米复合材料Ⅰ制备、表征及流变性能

用熔融插层和丙烯酰胺作为桥联剂成功地制备了三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）／蒙脱土（MMT）纳米复合材料。X射线衍射（XRD）和透射电镜（TEM）的结果表明，形成的纳米复合材料为剥离型。研究了丙烯酰胺在该纳米复合材料制作中的桥联作用及材料的流变性能。结果表明：选择丙烯酰胺作为桥联剂，完全可以在熔融状态下制备EPDM／MMT纳米复合材料，随着有机粘土加入量的增加，复合体系的粘度降低，加工性能改善，而交联密度在经历最大值后下降，有机蒙脱土具有延迟硫化和促进硫化的双重功效。复合材料的力学性能有了极大的提高，这些性能与蒙脱土的精细分散结构有着密切的关系。     

熔融插层法制备聚合物/黏土纳米复合材料研究进展

对国内外熔融插层法制备聚合物／黏土纳米复合材料(PCN)的研究进展进行了介绍。介绍了影响PCN结构形态的几种因素;对熔融插层法制备PCN的热力学、动力学的研究进行了总结;介绍了熔融插层的机理和几种理论模型。并对聚合物／黏土纳米复合材料的开发及应用前景作出了展望。     

碳纳米管对三元乙丙橡胶性能的影响

研究了碳纳米管（CNTs）的加入对三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）复合材料的力学性能和电性能的影响。将CNTs增强EPDM体系的力学性能与高耐磨炭黑（HAF）增强的体系进行了对比，并初步探讨了复合材料的结构。结果表明：CNTs的加入使EPDM胶料的力学性能和电性能均得到较大程度的提高，同时CNTs增强体系的力学性能也优于HAF增强体系的，SEM分析说明，CNTs在胶料中呈现纳米及分散，界面结合较好，并实现了有效的负载转移。     

纳米碳酸钙填充改性动态硫化三元乙丙橡胶/聚丙烯体系研究

研究了纳米碳酸钙填充改性动态硫化三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)/聚丙烯(PP)体系(TPV).结果表明:随着纳米碳酸钙(nano-CaCO3)用量的增加,TPV体系白度增加,色相慢慢偏向黄绿相;nano-CaCO3质量分数范围在6.99％～13.07％,色相稳定.另外,随着纳米碳酸钙用量的增加,拉伸强度先降低,直至质量分数达到9.52％后,变化趋于平缓;断裂伸长率先增加,至质量分数超过8.27％后,平缓降低;硬度在一个较小的范围波动,但呈上升趋势.同时,应用扫描电子显微镜( SEM)研究了拉伸断裂样条的表观形貌和纳米碳酸钙在TPV中的分散状态.流变曲线表明:添加棒槌状纳米碳酸钙能降低体系的黏度,但质量分数达到6.99％以后,流变曲线基本不变.热重分析(DTG)的结果和实际的EPDM/PP的配方组分基本符合,可作为对TPV进行组分分析的依据.     

High‐performance polyimide–clay nanocomposite materials based on a dual intercalating agent system

BACKGROUND: Polymer–clay nanocomposites (PCNs) have attracted considerable interest in recent years owing to their unique physical and chemical properties that lead to a wide range of applications. A series of PCN materials consisting of polyimide and layered montmorillonite (MMT) clay were successfully prepared by in situ polymerization. RESULTS: Silicate layers are better dispersed in polymer matrices when dual intercalating agents (hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide–4,4′‐oxydianiline) are applied for MMT modification according to wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy studies. Effects of single and dual intercalating agents on thermal stability, mechanical strength and the molecular barrier of PCN materials consisting of organo‐modified MMT were studied by means of thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, dynamic mechanical analyses, gas permeability analysis and vapor permeability analysis. CONCLUSION: Improved thermal and mechanical stabilities, as well as barrier properties were observed for the PCN materials containing dual intercalating agent‐modified MMT. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Modeling of polymer/clay nanocomposite formation

A statistical thermodynamic modeling of the formation of polymer/clay intercalation and nanocomposites was developed. The key factor in determining intercalation was an exothermic heat of mixing between polymer chains and the organically modified silicate surface. This was found to agree with previous experimental results in the literature including halogenated polymers and acrylonitrile copolymers. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1657–1663, 2006     

SBR粘土纳米复合材料的气密性

对乳液法制备的SBR粘土纳米复合材料的气密性进行了研究,结果表明：SBR粘土纳米复合材料的气密性优于传统填料填充的硫化胶,且随温度的变化较小;填料的用量、形状以及与橡胶的结合性是影响气密性的主要因素;填充20份粘土的纳米复合材料气密性优于NR／SBR内胎,比IIR内胎差。     

Structure and property study of nylon‐6/clay nanocomposite fiber

The crystal structures of nylon‐6 and nylon‐6/clay fibers were investigated on annealing and drawing. Annealing increased the γ‐crystalline form of both fibers, as indicated by the DSC curves, and its effect was dominant in nylon‐6/clay fiber. On drawing, the γ‐crystalline form was easily converted into the α form in nylon‐6, whereas it was still observed at a relatively high spin‐draw ratio in nylon‐6/clay fiber. However, although the α‐crystal form was dominant in nylon‐6, the γ‐crystal form was dominant in nylon‐6/clay with annealing and drawing, on the basis of the XRD data. The fast crystallization rate of nylon‐6/clay compared with pure nylon‐6 was confirmed, on the basis of the Avrami exponent. The initial modulus of nylon‐6/clay fiber was 30 % higher than the neat nylon‐6 fiber. The reinforcing effect of clay on the dynamic storage modulus was observed. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

改性剂和增容剂在EPDM/蒙脱土纳米复合材料中的作用

采用熔融插层和不同链长的改性荆改性蒙脱土的方法制备了三元乙丙橡胶(EPDM)／蒙脱土(MMT)纳米复合材料。X-射线衍射(XRD)和透射电镜(TEM)的测试结果表明：采用分子中亚甲基的数量小于16的改性剂改性MMT获得的有机蒙脱土与EPDM复合所得到的复合材料为传统型复合材料。而采用分子中亚甲基的数量大于16的改性剂改性MMT获得的有机蒙脱土与EPDM复合所得到的纳米复合材料为插层型。同时，笔者还探讨了EPDM接枝马来酸酐增容剂时复合材料形态的影响以及获得剥离型纳米复合材料的增容剂中马来酸酐的临界接枝率和增容剂最佳含量。此外，时该纳米复合材料的物理机械性能进行了评价。     

PVC/粘土纳米复合材料的研究进展

概述了PVC/粘土纳米复合材料的研究及发展现状，总结了离子交换、偶联剂处理、接枝改性等粘土的表面处理方法及直接熔融插层、原位插层聚合、共混等PVC/粘土纳米复合材料的制备方法，并分析了PVC/粘土纳米复合材料的性能及其发展前景。     

聚合物／黏土纳米复合材料的制备及其应用进展

基于国内外对聚合物黏土纳米复合材料的制备所做的报道,本文介绍了热塑性树脂、热固性树脂黏土纳米复合材料的制备方法。并对聚合物黏土纳米复合材料在国内外的应用作了综述。     

Synthesis and characterization of nylon 1012/clay nanocomposite

A nylon 1012/clay nanocomposite was prepared by melt polycondensation polymerization of diamine and diacid in the presence of organoclay. The nylon 1012 and nanocomposite were characterized by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy with attenuated total reflection, and a shift of the Si? O? Si band toward a lower wavenumber was found as the result of the strong interaction of nylon 1012 with the organoclay. The X‐ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy observation showed that the clay minerals were exfoliated. Clay platelets increased the crystallization rate but decreased the crystallinity. Differential scanning calorimetry and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis measurements showed that the glass‐transition temperature of the nylon 1012/clay nanocomposite decreased to some degree as compared to nylon 1012 because of the combined effect of confinement and the reduction of the physical crosslink density. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposite such as the tensile strength and tensile modulus are higher than those of nylon 1012, and the water absorption is reduced because of the improvement in the barrier property of the nanocomposite. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 2403–2410, 2002     

Polymorphism in polyamide 66/clay nanocomposites

Polyamide 66/clay nanocomposites (PA66CN) were prepared via melt compounding method by using a new kind of organophilic clay, which was obtained through co-intercalation of epoxy resin and quaternary ammonium into Na-montmorillonite. The silicate layers were dispersed homogeneously and nearly exfoliated in polyamide 66 (PA66) matrix. The introduction of silicate layers induced the appearance of the γ phase in PA66CN at room temperature, more clay loadings would amplify this phenomenon; the addition of clay also changed the structure of the α crystalline phase. The presence of silicate layers increased the crystallization rate and had a strong hetero phase nucleation effect on PA66 matrix. The lower Brill transition temperature of PA66CN can be attributed to the strong interaction between polyamide chains and surfaces of silicate layers.