高性能纳米晶储氢合金的制备

用双辊快淬法得到晶粒尺寸小于50nm、由均匀CaCu5相组成的富铈稀土储氢合金，在200mA／g充放电条件下，合金放电比容量达到295mAh／g，经200循环后，容量衰减率为4．5％。将合金粉组装成AAA550型电池，在1C充放电条件下，经2次活化，比容量达到最大值547．4mAh／g，经95次循环后，容量衰减率为2．48％。     

热处理对La0．7Mg0．3Ni2．8Co0．5贮氢合金电化学性能的影响

La0．7Mg0．3Ni2．8Co0．5贮氢电极合金经过适当热处理后(1123K)，最大放电容量、循环稳定性、高倍率放电性能(HRD)、交换电流密度(I0)以及极限电流密度(IL)都有明显改善，铸态合金电极的最大放电容量为392mAh／g，放电电流密度，Id=2000mA／g时，HRD2000=74．0％，I0=266．7mA／g，IL=3425．5mA／g；经1123K保温8h退火的合金电极的最大放电容量提高到414mAh／g，HRD2000=76．2％，I0=407．9mA／g，IL=3753．6mA／g。X射线衍射(XRD)分析表明，衍射峰宽度随着退火温度的升高而变窄，其原因是合金经退火处理相结构的变化和成分的均匀化。     

CuCr触头材料电弧腐蚀速率的测定

自行设计了电弧腐蚀速率的测量方法，避免了一般电弧腐蚀速率测量中存在的不足，并对真空断路器中常用的CuCr25，CuCr50触头材料以及纯Cu和纯Cr的电弧腐蚀速率进行了测量。研究结果表明，纯Cu，CuCr25，CuCr50和纯Cr的电弧腐蚀速率分别为52．9μg／C，33．2μg／C，31μg／C和25．9μg／C。CuCr25和CuCr50的电弧腐蚀速率相差不大，都较纯Cu有大幅度的降低，而与纯cr的电弧腐蚀速率比较接近。此外，用SEM对4种触头材料经100次燃弧之后的电极表面进行了现测，清楚地反映了经电弧腐蚀之后触角材料的表面特征。     

稀土对ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1陶瓷层性能的影响

通过在Na2SiO2电解液体系中同时添加0．2g／L的Ce^3＋和不同含量的La^3＋以调整电解液组成，研究了Na2SiO3电解液中添加稀土离子对ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1合金微弧氧化陶瓷层相结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明，电解液中添加Ce^3＋和La^3＋，可以显著提高陶瓷层质量，其中添加0．2g／L的Ce^3＋和0．3g／L的La^3＋，所得陶瓷层主要由α—Al2O3、γ-Al2O3、Al2SiO3和非晶相组成，陶瓷层厚为157μm，硬度（HV）为947，经6000r磨损后，ZAlSi12Cu2Mg1合金基体的磨损量为102．2mg，而陶瓷层S1磨损量为19．7mg，仅为铝合金基体的19％。     

甘肃某金矿浮选正交试验研究

采用正交试验的方法对甘肃某金矿浮选过程中粗选作业的磨矿细度、2^#油用量、黄药用量、硫化钠用量以及硫酸铜用量对回收率的影响进行了研究。结果表明，2^#油用量和硫化钠用量为影响金回收率的显著因素。粗选最优条件为:磨矿细度为-74 μm含量为55%、2^#油用量为14 g/t、黄药用量为28 g/t、硫化钠用量为100 g/t、硫酸铜用量为15 g/t。在此条件下，经一粗一精两扫的闭路试验，可得到回收率为89.87%，品位为42.0 g/t的金精矿。     

火焰原子吸收法测定花岗斑岩中锂

试样经HF-H₂SO₄处理，在1%H₂SO₄介质中于火焰原子吸收分光光度计锂波长6 70.8 mm处，用空气-乙炔火焰进行测定。实验结果表明，当称样量为0.1 g时，经HF-H₂SO₄处理，样品分解完全，12次平行测定的相对标准偏差为1.08%～2.02%。经用国家一级标准物质验证，该方法具有较好的准确度和重现性，操作简单，灵敏度高，干扰少，可用于花岗斑岩中锂的批量分析。     

电极材料非晶态氢氧化镍的电化学活性

通过快速冷冻沉淀法制备非晶态氢氧化镍粉体，微粒形状不规则，具有较小粒度分布和较大比表面积。经测量，发现其样品粉体拉曼光谱（Raman）峰较多，差热分析（DSC）发现其分解温度较低，为295．18℃，结果分析表明活性较高。将所制备的非晶态Ni（OH）2粉体作为活性物质合成正极材料，并组装成MH—Ni碱性模拟电池，在恒流50mA／g下充电8h，25mA／g下放电，终止电压为1．0V时，其放电工作电压平稳且时间长，放电平台为1．26v。放电比容量可达333．22mAh／g，高于β-Ni（OH）2的理论比容量289mAh／g，循环伏安曲线的测试结果表明，可逆性能较好，在碱性电解液中结构稳定。     

添加剂对CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al_2O_3复合氧化物结构及性能的影响

分别以柠檬酸(CA)、聚乙二醇(PEG)和淀粉(ST)为添加剂,采用共沉淀法制备CeO_2-ZrO_2-Al2O3(CZA)复合氧化物储氧材料,利用XRD、TG/DSC、SEM、N_2吸附-脱附、氧脉冲吸附和程序升温还原等检测方法对材料性能进行表征。XRD结果表明:ST添加剂的样品经1000℃煅烧后产物主要为CeO_2和γ-Al_2O_3,添加CA与PEG的样品为CeO_2-ZrO_2相,并夹带少量γ-Al_2_O3相;经1100℃煅烧后,3种添加剂样品都主要为CeO2-ZrO2晶相。SEM结果表明:CA、ST和PEG添加剂样品经1000℃高温处理后,分别为颗粒状、蜂窝状和多孔网状结构。N_2吸附-脱附结果表明:经600℃热处理后,ST添加剂样品具有最大的比表面积234.95 m~ 2/g和孔容1.589 cm~3/g;经1000℃热处理后,添加PEG样品获得最大的比表面积、孔容和孔径,其值分别为92.50 m~2/g、0.702 cm3/g和29.84 nm,且有最佳的孔分布和吸附-脱附能力。储氧性能OSC和H2-TPR结果表明:PEG添加剂制备的材料具有最好的储氧能力(OSC)和还原性能;1100℃高温下,ST添加剂样品的结构特性与PEG的接近;而CA添加剂样品的吸附能力、储氧性能都相对较低。     

火电厂磨煤用低铬铸铁磨球的优化生产及应用

选用低铬铸铁生产磨球，经热处理后，磨球硬度HRC 45－51，冲击韧性≥6 J/cm^2，在电厂磨煤机中运行后，1t煤磨耗为128－140g，耐磨程度是锻钢球的3倍。     

厚截面斗齿材料的国产化研究

设计了一种中碳低合金耐磨铸钢，生产的厚截面斗齿经过900℃正火，880～900℃双液淬火和200℃回火后，具有高的强韧性和硬韧性，且耐磨性优良。经测试，斗齿的心部硬度46HRC，冲击韧度22J／cm^2，2、7J动载磨损条件下的冲击磨损0．183g/h，达到并超过了进口产品的水平。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.