基于小波降噪和最小二乘的加速度计参数辨识

为了降低加速度计比较法冲击激励校准中,噪声对其动态模型辨识精度的影响,提出一种基于小波降噪和最小二乘的加速度计动态模型参数频域辨识方法。该方法首先利用改进的小波阈值降噪方法对参考加速度计和被校加速度计的输出信号进行降噪,然后利用最小二乘的方法对谐振频率附近的频率响应函数进行加速度计动态模型频域参数辨识。仿真实验和加速度计比较法冲击激励校准实验表明:该方法能够有效减少噪声对频率响应函数的影响,提高加速度计动态模型参数辨识精度。     

基于CEEMDAN的MEMS加速度计输出信号降噪方法

针对微机电系统(MEMS)加速度计输出信号存在误差,导致高压输电杆塔倾斜监测系统的输出倾角数据精确度不高的问题,提出了一种基于自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解(CEEMDAN)联合奇异值分解(SVD)对杆塔的加速度计输出信号降噪方法。利用CEEMDAN对原始加速度计输出信号进行分解,得到一系列模态分量,分别计算其排列熵(PE),筛选出特征分量和含噪特征分量,然后再将需进一步降噪的特征分量通过SVD进行二次滤波,最后将降噪后的特征分量与未处理的特征分量进行叠加即得到降噪后的加速度计输出信号。仿真实验结果表明,所提出的方法可以有效地抑制噪声干扰,通过与扩展卡尔曼滤波和CEEMDAN-PE对比说明该方法滤波效果更好,有效提高了加速度信号分析精度和杆塔倾斜角测量精度。     

基于SVD-EMD的有效微弱信号提取算法

针对奇异值差分谱的信号提取方法不能有效提取出强噪声环境中的微弱信号这一问题,提出了一种基于奇异值分解(SVD,singular value decomposition)和经验模态分解(EMD,empirical mode decomposition)相结合的微弱信号提取方法。采用奇异值差分谱选择奇异值进行信号重构,提取出带噪部分信号,对其进行EMD分解和SVD降噪处理,叠加得到降噪后的信号。仿真结果表明,该方法能够准确提取微弱信号信息,并能有效地去除信号噪声。     

小波包结合奇异值分解在通信信道降噪中的研究

针对营配一体化通信信号受噪声干扰的问题,为了提高营配一体化通信信号的降噪效果,提出一种小波包结合奇异值分解的降噪方法。对电力线高速宽带载波信号进行小波包分解,有选择地对小波包分解系数进行奇异值分解和变换,并与小波包的多尺度时频分析及重构算法相结合,将其应用于通信信道降噪的研究中。针对不同的背景环境,挑选三个采集地点,采用TPS-2024数字信号示波器在现场采集数据,并对采集到的通信信号分别进行小波包降噪和小波包结合奇异值降噪。测试结果显示,小波包结合奇异值降噪较小波降噪的信噪比(SNR)提高10 d B左右,且均方误差(MSE)都有所降低。通过对比测试数据结果可知,采用小波包结合奇异值分解的降噪方法可以有效地保留信号的有效成分,降噪效果明显优于小波包降噪。     

基于奇异值分解的电感式磨粒传感器信号降噪方法研究

利用奇异值降噪技术对含有系统噪声的电感式磨粒传感器测试信号进行处理.针对奇异值降噪中轨道矩阵最优重构阶次难以有效确定的问题,提出一种基于噪声阈值和奇异值聚类的重构阶次确定方法.首先由含噪信号轨道矩阵的嵌入维数和噪声方差确定奇异值的噪声阈值,得到重构阶次的上限;然后依据信号奇异值分布离散,噪声奇异值分布集中的特点,对大于噪声阈值的奇异值进行聚类分析,进一步确定轨道矩阵的重构阶次.仿真和实测信号降噪效果表明,该降噪算法能显著改善含噪信号的信噪比,降噪后的信号具有较小的峰值误差,适合电感式磨粒传感器信号的降噪.     

一种旋转机械振动信号的有效消噪方法

提出了一种基于奇异值分解(SVD)、Mallat算法和经验模态分解的信号降噪方法.首先,采用香农熵判据寻求最佳小波分解,对带噪部分小波系数进行经验模态分解,提取出信号趋势分量;其次对小波系数剩余部分采用奇异值分解方法降噪,并根据奇异值差分谱自适应的选择奇异值进行重构,将重构后的信号和趋势项叠加作为新的小波系数;最后进行小波重构得到最终的消噪信号.运用模拟信号和齿轮箱断齿故障信号进行仿真,结果表明该方法能够准确地选择用于重构的奇异值个数,并能有效去除信号噪声,保留特征信号的细节信息,尤其对含有趋势项的故障特征有很大实用性.     

基于奇异值分解和Savitzky-Golay滤波器的信号降噪方法

为降低信号中噪声的干扰,将奇异值分解(SVD)理论和Savitzky-Golay滤波器相结合提出了一种新的降噪方法。该方法首先分析了信号负熵随信噪比变化的规律,而后通过将负熵作为降噪效果的评估参数,确定了SVD降噪过程中构造的Hankel矩阵的最优维数;其次采用Savitzky-Golay滤波器对用于重构信号的奇异值进行了平滑滤波处理,并分析了Savitzky-Golay滤波器结构对降噪效果的影响,最后通过定义误差函数确定了Savitzky-Golay滤波器的最优结构。将该方法应用于线性调频信号和多成分周期信号的降噪实验,结果表明:基于SVD和Savitzky-Golay滤波器的降噪方法能有效降低噪声干扰,是一种有效的信号降噪方法。     

基于小波降噪与最小二乘估计的石英挠性加速度计模型辨识

石英挠性加速度计在惯性导航系统中具有重要作用,其使用精度影响着整个系统的精度。为提高加速度计的使用精度,对其进行了重力场静态翻滚测试,采用融合小波降噪与最小二乘估计的方法实现加速度计模型参数辨识。利用拟合残差标准差和系数估计的不确定度来评价辨识的效果,对重力场静态测试时加速度计两种安装方式下的测量信号进行了实验测试,并通过仿真实验来验证所采用方法的有效性。实验结果表明,所采用的方法获得的加速度计模型系数具有较高精确度。     

基于奇异值分解技术的离心机故障诊断

在简单介绍WH-800型离心机基本结构及工作原理的基础上,介绍了基于重构吸引子轨迹矩阵的奇异值分解技术,并引入自相关函数对现有奇异值分解技术加以改进．通过对现场实测故障信号的分析,表明改进的奇异值分解技术具有很好的降噪效果,能在强噪声背景环境下准确提取设备的故障特征信号,为离心机的故障诊断提供了一种新的思路．     

奇异值能量差分谱在信号降噪中的应用

为了提高现场采集信号的信噪比,针对奇异值分解中重构矩阵有效阶次确定难的问题,提出了一种基于奇异值能量差分谱的信号降噪方法。该方法根据有用信号与噪声能量的差异性,通过构造信号的奇异值能量差分谱,将能量差分谱曲线中最大峰值点作为重构信号的有效阶次来实现有用信号和噪声的分离,能够使信号奇异值降噪阶次得到合理确定,较好地保护了原始信号中有用信息的完整性,获得了较大的信噪比,对后续进行信号特征的准确提取和分析至关重要。仿真和实例分析结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。