镁合金管件热态内压成形研究进展

首先简介了热态内压成形国内外研究现状,然后重点介绍了哈尔滨工业大学在热态内压成形装置和镁合金热态内压成形方面的研究进展。所研制的热态内压成形装置可在一定温度下实现镁舍金大膨胀率变径管、弯曲轴线变截面管的研制。采用AZ31B镁合金管材获得膨胀率30％,最大减薄率6．7％的变径管件;采用AZ61A镁合金管材试制了正方形截面件和某轿车样件,采用AZ31镁合金管材试制了截面带有小圆角的管件。介绍了上述样件的工艺过程,表明镁合金热态内压成形工艺具有广阔的应用前景。     

三通管内高压成形时壁厚影响因素的研究

分析了传统内高压成形三通管的成形过程,通过理论分析并结合试验和模拟进行比较,对比得出了加载路径、填充介质以及模具的圆角半径对内高压成形件的壁厚分布的影响,对工业生产有实际指导作用.     

管材内高压胀形的实验研究与数值模拟

介绍了管材无模轴压胀形的实验,研究表明,适度的褶皱有助于提高成形极限。有限元数值模拟显示,随着内压—轴压匹配模式的改变,内压增长率对褶皱的演化表现出不同的影响效果。针对管坯—模具间摩擦对T型管复合胀形成形性的影响,分别从实验和有限元数值模拟两方面进行了研究。     

An Investigation on Temperature Distribution Within the Substrate and Nozzle Wall in Cold Spraying by Numerical and Experimental Methods

During cold spraying (CS), heat exchange between the hot driving gas and the solid bodies, e.g., spray nozzle and substrate, results in the temperature redistribution within the solid bodies. In this study, numerical and experimental investigations on the heating behavior of the substrate and nozzle wall were conducted to clarify the temperature distribution within the solid bodies in CS. The results show that after heating by the hot gas, the highest temperature presents at the center point of the substrate and decreases toward the substrate back surface and edge. With increasing standoff distance or decreasing inlet temperature, the substrate temperature decreases gradually, but the temperature gradient within the substrate changes little. The numerical results are consistent with the experimental measurements. Besides, it is also found that increasing the substrate size (diameter) can lead to the gradual increment in the substrate temperature. Moreover, the numerical study on the temperature distribution within the nozzle wall reveals that the highest temperature presents at the throat section of the nozzle and that the nozzle material significantly affects the temperature distribution within the nozzle wall.     

Experimental Observations of 5A02 Aluminum Alloy in Electromagnetically Assisted Tube Hydroforming

To establish the efficiency of electromagnetically assisted tube hydroforming, a typical experimental test for hydroforming, i.e., hydrobulging, was carried out on a 5A02 tube blank by using a combined quasi-static axial feeding and pulsed electromagnetic hydrobulging method. Data on the formability of an aluminum alloy 5A02 tube employing this combined loading method is compared with data for traditional quasi-static tests. The results show that the formability of aluminum alloy undergoing a quasi-static–dynamic process is dramatically increased beyond that exhibited in quasi-static or fully dynamic tests. The ultimate expansion ratio of an aluminum alloy tube undergoing a pulsed electromagnetic hydrobulging process is greatly increased beyond that exhibited in quasi-static hydrobulging tests. Both the expansion ratio and the effective strain exhibited in electromagnetically assisted tube hydroforming tests are about four and two times of that in quasi-static and fully dynamic hydrobulging tests, respectively. The forming limits of aluminum samples with both low and high prestrain levels are almost similar in the electromagnetically assisted tube hydroforming process, which makes it possible to stretch the aluminum alloy to a higher quasi-static prestrain level without weakening its total quasi-static–dynamic formability.     

基于LS-DYNA的板材液压成形数值模拟的软件研究

采用VB6.0为开发工具,基于LS-DYNA,编写有良好人机交互界面的数值模拟软件,并建立了符合板材液压成形工艺的力学模型.以摩托车油箱为例,进行板材液压成形数值模拟试验,得到了良好的模拟结果.此软件解决了板材液压成形数值模拟中复杂边界条件的设置问题及压边力与成形力的加载问题,将使用者从繁重的反复修改参数的工作中解放出来,为进一步发展此成形工艺提供了有效工具.     

板料液压成形的数值模拟研究

首先对板料液压成形技术相关知识进行了介绍,接着以阶梯圆筒形制件的液压拉伸数值模拟仿真为例,采用DYANFORM软件来说明应用数值模拟技术对板料液压成形过程进行有限元分析的具体步骤。最后,分析了板材液压成形数值模拟的特点并对板料液压成形数值模拟技术的发展趋势进行了展望。     

铝合金半固态流变压铸过程数值模拟及试验验证

采用模拟软件对Al-Si合金半固态流变压铸的充型和凝固过程进行模拟,并与试验进行了对比.结果表明,浇注温度为610℃、压射速度为90 mm/s、料柄及内浇口直径为40 mm时,半固态压铸的卷气以及缩凹缺陷明显减少.同时,通过对温度场的模拟分析,得出铸件的边缘部位与中部具有不同的凝固速度和微观组织,经过试验观测,证明了实验结果与模拟结果的一致性,为铝合金半固态流变压铸的工艺参数拟定和模具设计提供了借鉴.     

Numerical Investigation of Process Parameters on External Inversion of Thin-Walled Tubes

In this paper, a computational study of development of external inversion mode of deformation of round-metallic aluminum tubes over a fixed profile die is presented. Inversion mode of deformation is analyzed in detail by using a finite element code FORGE2. The proposed finite element model for this purpose idealizes the deformation as axisymmetric. Six-noded triangular elements are used to discretize the domain. The material is modeled as rigid-viscoplastic. Typical variations of the equivalent strain rate and equivalent strain along the length of the deforming tube are studied to predict the development of inversion mode of deformation. The influence of the friction present at the contact interface between the tube and the die is also examined to suggest a successful inversion of tube. Energy absorbed in overcoming the frictional stresses between the tube-die interfaces is compared with the total energy required in the inversion of tube. A few predicted results which include the geometry of inverted tube load-compression variation during inversion process are compared with their experimental counterparts to validate the computational model.     

拼焊板充液拉深的数值模拟研究

以差厚拼焊板拉深方盒件为例，采用板料成形分析软件Dynaform对充液拉深和传统拉深工艺进行研究和对比，发现采用充液拉深时，焊缝移动量仅为传统拉深时的3％，与传统拉深相比板料厚度增大了10．4％，且能大大提高拉深比。研究表明拼焊板充液拉深技术对实际生产具有一定的意义。     

基于SYSWELD铝合金管点焊温度场数值模拟

基于专业焊接软件SYSWELD,采用Goldak提出的双椭球热源模型,对1.5mm厚铝合金管点焊过程进行了有限元数值模拟。模拟中充分考虑了材料热物理性能参数的非线性,及对流、辐射等边界条件对焊接温度场的影响,并运用HSF校正工具对热源各项参数进行校核。将模拟结果与焊接接头相比较,结果表明:计算所得熔池形状与实验结果基本吻合,得到了焊接接头温度场的变化规律。     

外浇包熔体温度对7075/6009铝合金铸锭组织和硬度分布的影响

采用双流浇注连续铸造技术制备了7075/6009铝合金铸件,重点研究了外浇包熔体温度对该复合材料铸锭的组织及铸锭横截面上成分和硬度分布的影响.结果表明:在其他工艺参数一定的情况下,外浇包熔体温度从720℃上升到760℃时,铸锭外层合金的平均厚度减少了14.3%,铸锭内层合金的平均二次枝晶间距由约15μm增加到20μm,铸锭外层合金的平均二次枝晶间距由约80μm增大到100μm,铸件内层合金和外层合金的硬度分别降低了8.5%和9.3%.     

In-situ Measurement of the Thickness of Aluminum Oxide Scales at High Temperature

Two ways for measuring thickness of aluminum oxide which forms upon the surface of a heating element metal Fecralloy at high temperature over 1000°C are presented. One is LRI (Laser Reflection Interferometer). That is, a He--Ne laser incident to the specimen reflects on the top surface of the aluminum oxide and also on the interface with the substrate. Then these two reflections interfere to yield undulation of the intensity as the oxide grows. As the oxide gets thicker, however, the surface gets rougher and transparency decreases, which results in substantial scatter and low intensity in reflection, respectively. To overcome this problem, a spatial filter was employed on the light path. The other way is EDM (Emissivity Difference Method) which applies the phenomenon that the thermal emissivity of the surface depends upon the oxide thickness and the wavelength of the radiation. The oxide thickness is evaluated from the: difference in temperature indications measured by two infra-red thermometers which respond to different wavelengths, = 8--15 m and = 1.55 m, respectively. The validity of LRI and EDM has been proved by experiments, and some empirical relations are presented. The features and limitations are also discussed.     

2A12铝管接头热挤压成形数值模拟

针对2A12铝管接头的特点,对其进行了工艺分析,确定了该零件的热挤压成形工艺方案.利用数值模拟软件,分析了挤压余量的位置、初始变形温度、压力机工作速度对最大成形载荷的影响.通过多次模拟得到了2A12铝管接头热挤压成形的最优工艺参数,并分析了在最优工艺参数下,2A12铝管接头热挤压的成形过程和载荷行程曲线,从而保证了挤压件的质量.这能为实际生产提供理论基础.     

基于试验和数值模拟的铝合金压印连接研究

对压印连接的工艺过程和接头性能进行了研究.对铝合金板进行了压印连接,对压印接头进行了微观组织分析、拉伸—剪切试验和疲劳试验.建立了铝合金板压印连接过程的有限元模型,并由模拟连接过程得到接头截面的2D模型.然后由2D模型形成压印接头的3D模型,并采用3D模型进行拉伸—剪切试验和疲劳试验过程的模拟和分析.试验和模拟结果表明:压印连接过程中材料的强度值提高;压印接头的疲劳性能较好,疲劳极限约为接头最大拉剪强度的70％.     

铝合金半球形件冲压成形数值模拟与实验研究

变形铝合金冲压成形性能研究是国内外研究的重点课题。本文以铝合金半球形件为例,采用实验和数值模拟相结合的方法探索了铝合金半球形件冲压成形的基本规律。研究表明,压边力对铝合金板材件的冲压成形质量具有重大影响,合理的压边力能大大提高铝合金半球形件的成形性。另外,采用仿真软件对板材件的冲压成形过程进行模拟分析,可大大缩短产品及模具的开发周期,提高产品的成形质量及市场竞争力。     

温挤压下钛白粉对铝合金摩擦系数影响研究

在分析铝合金温挤压用润滑剂的基础上,实验研究了不同温度下钛白粉的润滑效果.结果表明,钛白粉在铝合金温挤压成形中具有一定的润滑作用.在350℃下摩擦系数最小,可是润滑效果仍然没有石墨的理想.使用钛白粉代替石墨作为铝合金的润滑剂的设想暂时行不通.     

Investigation on Effects of Die Orifice Layout on Three-Hole Porthole Extrusion of Aluminum Alloy 6063 Tubes

Currently, with the increasing demand of high production output, much attention is paid to the research and development of multi-hole extrusion die. However, owing to the complexity of multi-hole porthole extrusion technology, it has not been applied widely in practice for the production of aluminum profiles, especially for porthole die with an odd number of die orifices. The purpose of this study is to design a three-hole porthole die for producing an aluminum tube and to optimize the location of die orifices based on computer-aided design and engineering. First, three-hole extrusion dies for different locations of die orifices are designed. Then, extrusion processes with different multi-hole porthole dies are simulated by means of HyperXtrude. Through numerical simulation, metal flow, temperature distribution, welding pressure, extrusion load, and die stress, etc. could be obtained, and the effects of the location of die orifices on extrusion process are investigated. With the increasing distance between die orifice and extrusion center (described as eccentricity ratio), metal flow becomes nonhomogeneous, and twisting or bending deformation of profile occurs, but the welding pressure rises, which improves the welding quality of profiles. However, the required extrusion force, billet and die temperature, die displacement, and stress induce no significant changes. In comparison with the extrusion force during single-hole porthole extrusion, there is 18.5% decrease of extrusion force during three-hole porthole extrusion. Finally, design rules for this kind of multi-hole extrusion dies are summarized.     

异厚度铝合金激光拼焊接头性能及组织研究

采用电子探针（EPMA）、X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、显微硬度仪、拉伸试验机分别对铝合金5A06异厚度激光拼焊板接头力学性能及显微组织进行了研究分析。结果表明，焊缝主要组成相是以Al为基体的Al-Si共晶化合物；焊缝区域硬度值从上表面到背面有下降趋势，且平均值略高于母材。     

工业纯铝高温流变行为的实验研究

为了深入了解连续铸轧这一融合了“铸造”和“轧制”两个工艺过程条件下的流变行为与简单加工（热轧）组合条件下流变行为的差异,在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上对铸造工业纯铝高温压缩流变行为及其影响因素进行了系列的模拟实验研究,得到了不同变形条件下铸造工业纯铝高温压缩成形过程中的流变曲线;通过多元线性回归分析得到了其应力-应变本构方程;并与铸轧过程物理模拟实验研究的结果进行了对比分析,结果表明：在相同变形条件下铸造工业纯铝高温压缩变形流变应力小于铸轧过程的流变应力,且随着应变速率的增大,它们之间的差值更大.