6061铝合金FSW接头与MIG焊接头对比试验

采用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和MIG焊分别对6061铝合金板进行了焊接试验,测试了焊接接头的强度,观察了焊接接头的金相组织,并进行了接头的硬度分布测试.结果表明,搅拌摩擦焊接头抗拉强度高达212.05 MPa,是母材抗拉强度的86％,比MIG焊的接头强度略高.焊接接头软化区宽度比MIG焊接头软化宽度窄.6061铝合金母材为典型的轧制组织,焊核区为细小的等轴晶组织,MIG焊接头焊缝为柱状晶组织.     

Two-Level Weld-Material Homogenization for Efficient Computational Analysis of Welded Structure Blast-Survivability

The introduction of newer joining technologies like the so-called friction-stir welding (FSW) into automotive engineering entails the knowledge of the joint-material microstructure and properties. Since, the development of vehicles (including military vehicles capable of surviving blast and ballistic impacts) nowadays involves extensive use of the computational engineering analyses (CEA), robust high-fidelity material models are needed for the FSW joints. A two-level material-homogenization procedure is proposed and utilized in this study to help manage computational cost and computer storage requirements for such CEAs. The method utilizes experimental (microstructure, microhardness, tensile testing, and x-ray diffraction) data to construct: (a) the material model for each weld zone and (b) the material model for the entire weld. The procedure is validated by comparing its predictions with the predictions of more detailed but more costly computational analyses.     

铝合金LD10的搅拌摩擦焊组织及性能分析

搅拌摩擦焊是 2 0世纪 90年代发展起来的新型固态塑性连接方法 ,在航空航天结构中铝合金件的焊接方面有很好的应用前景。文中试验研究了航空航天结构件常用的LD10铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊技术。通过工艺试验 ,对其塑性连接时的焊缝成形、焊缝组织形态及接头的力学性能进行了分析。研究结果表明 ,用搅拌摩擦焊方法焊接板厚6mm的LD10铝合金 ,当规范参数合适时 ,可获得外观成形美观、内部无缺陷、几乎无变形的平板对接接头。从显微组织角度 ,焊接接头可分为五个区域 ,即焊核、热力影响区、热影响区、轴肩变形区和探针挤压区 ,各区域的组织有明显的特征。接头的力学性能试验表明 ,接头的抗拉强度可达母材的 87% ,高于熔焊接头的强度 ,断裂位置大多位于热影响区     

Influence of Processing Parameters on Induced Energy, Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of FSW Butt Joint of 7475 AA

Friction stir welding (FSW), a promising solid state joining process invented at TWI in 1991, was used to join 9?mm thick 7475 aluminum alloy which is considered essentially unweldable by fusion processes. In the present work, the process parameters such as tool rotational speed were varied from 300 to 1000?rpm for a travel speed of 50?mm/min and the influence of process parameters in terms of energy input on microstructure, hardness, tensile strength, and the corrosion property of 7475 aluminum joints was evaluated and analyzed. The maximum tensile strength of FSW joints was obtained at rotational speed of 400?rpm and traverse speed of 50?mm/min (59.2?kJ) which attributed maximum stirred zone area and maximum hardness. The maximum corrosion resistance properties of weld in 3.5% NaCl solution, however, were obtained at rotational speed of 1000?rpm and traverse speed of 50?mm/min. Furthermore, for a given weld, stirred zone showed improved corrosion properties than TMAZ.     

钛合金与铝合金复合接头的搅拌摩擦焊

为了避免搅拌头轴肩磨损及防止根部未焊透工艺缺陷,设计一种Ti/Al复合式接头,采用组合式搅拌头偏置扎入TC4钛合金与5A06铝合金对接界面进行焊接,研究其搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)工艺及组织性能. 在最佳FSW工艺条件下,完成对Ti/Al异种接头的组织结构及机械拉伸性能分析. 结果表明,接头拉伸强度达到铝合金母材强度的88.3%,断裂主要发生在铝侧焊核区内. 根据对接界面的形貌特征分析,重点讨论了Ti/Al对接界面的形成机制,认为采用较低的搅拌头转速和较小的搅拌针钛侧偏置量,可获得焊接质量较高的Ti/AlFSW接头.     

紫外光对铝合金焊接接头腐蚀行为的影响

通过光学显微镜分析研究了6061铝合金熔化极惰性气体保护焊(metal inter gas welding, MIG焊)和搅拌摩擦焊(friction stir welding, FSW)对接头组织的影响.结合极化曲线测试,比较了紫外光照射与暗态对预沉积NaCl的基材及焊接接头腐蚀行为影响的差异.结果表明,MIG焊接头组织均匀性较差,焊缝Mg含量远高于母材,使得表现出较差的热力学稳定性.紫外光照射加速了铝合金焊接接头的腐蚀,尤其是明显加速了MIG焊接头的腐蚀.30天的紫外光照射对FSW接头的影响与母材相近.这些影响与材料本身的耐腐蚀性能及铝合金表面形成的半导体性质腐蚀产物密切有关.     

铝合金超声搅拌复合焊接

铝合金的搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）通常在焊接区形成上高下低”浅漏斗状”的温度场,使焊缝厚度方向的组织性能差异较大．为了得到更好的焊接效果,文中提出超声搅拌复合焊思想,将超声波通过搅拌头导入焊缝纵深处,以改善焊缝组织性能．试验采用2．5mm厚的2219铝合金分别用上述两种方法进行焊接,并对焊缝的微观组织和力学性能进行了分析比较...     

厚板铝合金FSW和MIG焊接接头疲劳性能

对厚度10 mm的6082-T6铝合金搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)和MIG焊接接头的疲劳强度进行了试验研究,并与6082-T6母材疲劳性能进行了对比分析.结果表明,6082-T6母材的疲劳S-N曲线最高、MIG焊接接头S-N曲线度最低,而FSW接头的疲劳S-N曲线近似位于两者之间;在高应力区FSW疲劳强度低于MIG焊接接头、而在低应力区高于MIG焊接接头.大部分FSW试样疲劳裂纹启始于焊缝根部的"弱连接"缺陷,采用机械加工去掉1.4 mm厚度焊缝根部材料后,FSW疲劳强度明显提高并接近母材数据.厚板6082-T6铝合金FSW焊缝根部质量控制是影响疲劳性能的关键因素.     

Effect of cooling conditions on corrosion resistance of friction stir welded 2219-T62 aluminum alloy thick plate joint

Friction stir welding (FSW) with water cooling and air cooling was used to weld 2219-T62 aluminum alloy joints with a thickness of 20 mm. The effect of cooling conditions on the corrosion resistance of joints in 3.5% NaCl solution was investigated using the open circuit potential (OCP), the potentiodynamic polarization, and the corrosion morphology after immersing for different time. And the precipitates distribution was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results reveal that the weld nugget zone (WNZ) owning positive potential, lower corrosion current density and fine and uniform precipitates, is much more difficult to corrode than the heat affected zone (HAZ) and the base metal (BM). Compared with air-cooled joint, the water-cooled joint has better corrosion resistance. In addition, the results of microstructure observation show that the potential, distribution and size of second phase particles determine the corrosion resistance of FSW AA2219 alloy joints in chlorine-contained solution.     

A Combined Experimental/Computational Analysis of the Butt-Friction-Stir-Welded AA2139-T8 Joints

Combined experimental and computational investigations are carried out of the mechanical properties of materials residing in different weld zones of friction stir-welded (FSW) joints of thick plates of AA2139-T8. The experimental portion of the work comprised (a) identification of the weld zones within the FSW joints, through the use of optical-microscopy characterization of a transverse section; (b) validation of the weld zones identified in (a) via the generation of a micro-hardness field over the same transverse section; (c) extracting and subsequently testing miniature tensile specimens from different weld zones; and (d) extracting and testing a larger-size tensile specimen spanning transversely the FSW weld. The computational portion of the work comprised (i) validation of the mechanical properties, as determined experimentally using the miniature tensile specimens, of the material residing within different zones of the FSW joint; and (ii) clarification of the benefits yielded by the knowledge of the local material properties within the FSW joint. These benefits arise from the fact that (a) joint mechanical properties are generally inferior to those of the base metal; (b) the width of the weld in thick metallic-armor is often comparable to the armor thickness, and therefore may represent a significant portion of the armor exposed-surface area; and (c) modeling of the weld-material structural response under loading requires the availability of high-fidelity/validated material constitutive models, and the development of such models requires knowledge of the local weld-material mechanical properties.     

6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺

采用搅拌摩擦焊方法对板厚6mm的6061铝合金板在不同参数下进行焊接,研究6061铝合金搅拌摩擦焊工艺以及主要参数对焊缝成形和接头力学性能的影响,观察焊接接头的金相组织,通过硬度分布测试分析焊接接头的力学不均匀性.结果表明:压入量过大或过小时容易造成焊接接头成形差等缺陷,压入量为0.3 mm时可以获得优质的焊缝成形;搅...     

Influences of process parameters on tensile strength of friction stir welded cast A319 aluminium alloy joints

Fusion welding of cast A319 (Al-Si-Cu) alloy will lead to many problems including porosity, micro-fissuring, and hot cracking. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) can be used to weld A319 alloy without these defects. In this investigation, an attempt has been made to study the effect of FSW process parameters on the tensile strength of A319 alloy welded joints. Joints were made using different combinations of tool rotation speed, welding speed, and axial force, each at four levels. The quality of weld zone was analyzed using macrostructure and microstructure analysis. Tensile strength of the joints were evaluated and correlated with the weld zone microstructure. The joint fabricated with a 1200 rpm tool rotation speed, 40 mm/min welding speed, and 4 kN axial force showed superior tensile strength compared with the other joints.     

搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对铸态A356铝合金抗拉强度的影响(英文)

A356是一种高强度铝硅铸造态合金,广泛用于食品、化工、船舶、电器和汽车行业。熔焊这种铸造合金时存在许多问题,如孔隙、微裂隙、热裂等。然而,用搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)来焊接这种铸造态合金可以避免上述缺陷发生。研究了搅拌摩擦焊工艺参数对铸造态A356铝合金抗拉强度的影响;对旋转速度、焊接速度和轴向力等工艺参数进行优化;从宏观和微观组织分析角度对焊接区的质量进行分析;对焊接接头的抗拉强度进行了测定,并对抗拉强度与焊缝区硬度和显微组织的相关性进行了研究。在旋转速度1000r/min、焊接速度75mm/min和轴向力5kN的条件下得到的焊接接头具有最高的抗拉强度。     

6061-T6铝合金DP-MIG焊轧复合成形接头组织与力学性能

为解决6061-T6铝合金焊后热影响区软化导致力学性能下降的问题,基于焊接接头余高大变形强化过时效软化区的思想,采用双轧辊系统对6061-T6薄板铝合金直流双脉冲熔化极气体保护焊(DC double pulse metal inert gas welding,DP-MIG焊)接头进行同步双面轧制,并分析了焊轧复合成形接头组织与力学性能.结果表明,焊缝晶粒受到竖直方向的轧制力发生大塑性变形,内部气孔消失,焊缝区域变宽,邻近焊缝的热影响区受到来自焊缝的挤压力发生协同宏观变形,远离焊缝的过时效软化区组织受到来自焊缝处的压应力,从沿垂直焊缝方向产生部分协同形变强化;接头的硬度明显提升,过时效软化区的硬度由60～70 HV提升至80～90 HV,过时效软化区的拉伸性能也有所提升,当焊接速度为800 mm/min时,抗拉强度最佳可达到母材的83.6%,相较于焊接接头提升19.4%,进而实现了对过时效软化区的强化效果.     

6xxx系铝合金弧焊与高功率激光焊组织性能对比

为解决6061-T6铝合金焊后热影响区软化导致力学性能下降的问题,基于焊接接头余高大变形强化过时效软化区的思想,采用双轧辊系统对6061-T6薄板铝合金直流双脉冲熔化极气体保护焊(DC double pulse metal inert gas welding,DP-MIG焊)接头进行同步双面轧制,并分析了焊轧复合成形接头组织与力学性能. 结果表明,焊缝晶粒受到竖直方向的轧制力发生大塑性变形,内部气孔消失,焊缝区域变宽,邻近焊缝的热影响区受到来自焊缝的挤压力发生协同宏观变形,远离焊缝的过时效软化区组织受到来自焊缝处的压应力,从沿垂直焊缝方向产生部分协同形变强化;接头的硬度明显提升,过时效软化区的硬度由60 ~ 70 HV提升至80 ~ 90 HV,过时效软化区的拉伸性能也有所提升,当焊接速度为800 mm/min时,抗拉强度最佳可达到母材的83.6%,相较于焊接接头提升19.4%,进而实现了对过时效软化区的强化效果.     

7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头变形及失效行为

使用搅拌摩擦焊（FSW）设备对厚度为6mm的7075高强度铝合金平板进行对接试验。设计出双径试样,采用液压伺服试验机对7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头进行拉伸试验,并借助奥林巴斯显微镜和扫描电镜观察接头的变形及失效过程。结果表明,7075铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头在拉伸过程中出现双颈缩现象,颈缩首先在后退侧出现,随着加载的进行,前进侧也出现颈缩现象。微裂纹在接头中的前进侧和后退侧颈缩区内晶界处由微孔洞聚集产生。随着应变的增加,微孔洞数量明显增加,当应变足够大时,微孔洞连接形成微裂纹。微裂纹沿着与加载方向成45°向焊核区进行扩展,导致接头断裂,断裂位置位于接头中的焊核区,断裂方式为剪切断裂混合着微孔聚集型断裂。     

MIG焊叠加对6A01-T5铝合金FSW焊接头组织及性能的影响

研究了MIG焊叠加对6A01-T5铝合金FSW焊接头组织及性能的影响. 结果表明, MIG/FSW叠加焊缝熔合良好,叠加位置未出现气孔等缺陷,FSW焊核区及热影响区组织发生粗化,叠加位置附近微观组织出现明显改变;叠加区域硬度明显降低,尤其是FSW焊缝热力影响区和热影响区. FSW、中心叠加、前进侧热力影响区叠加和后退侧热力影响区叠加MIG焊接头的抗拉强度分别为219.8, 188.0, 195.4和191.4 MPa,MIG焊叠加降低了接头的抗拉强度,断口均表现韧性断裂特征;FSW焊接头及带有MIG叠加焊缝余高的三种接头中值疲劳强度分别为76.7, 65.0, 67.5和65.0 MPa,MIG焊叠加也使FSW接头的疲劳性能有所下降.     

高速列车用6106-T6铝合金型材激光-电弧复合焊接工艺及接头性能

研究了MIG焊叠加对6A01-T5铝合金FSW焊接头组织及性能的影响. 结果表明, MIG/FSW叠加焊缝熔合良好,叠加位置未出现气孔等缺陷,FSW焊核区及热影响区组织发生粗化,叠加位置附近微观组织出现明显改变;叠加区域硬度明显降低,尤其是FSW焊缝热力影响区和热影响区. FSW、中心叠加、前进侧热力影响区叠加和后退侧热力影响区叠加MIG焊接头的抗拉强度分别为219.8, 188.0, 195.4和191.4 MPa,MIG焊叠加降低了接头的抗拉强度,断口均表现韧性断裂特征;FSW焊接头及带有MIG叠加焊缝余高的三种接头中值疲劳强度分别为76.7, 65.0, 67.5和65.0 MPa,MIG焊叠加也使FSW接头的疲劳性能有所下降.     

1561铝合金TIG深熔焊接头组织与力学性能

采用TIG深熔焊工艺,对1561高镁铝合金进行了焊接,并对接头的显微组织和力学性能进行系统分析.结果表明焊缝中无气孔和裂纹缺陷;打底焊道中部存在“∧”字形粗晶区,其上下部晶粒尺寸细小;双层焊经历第二道的盖面焊后,打底焊道晶粒明显长大,熔合区晶粒晶界发生重熔,焊缝软化现象仍有发生;焊缝和热影响区的显微硬度低于母材,但热影响区并没有表现出明显的软化现象.接头抗拉强度可达314 MPa,表明深熔焊工艺适合于1561高镁铝合金的焊接.     

ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头性能

研究了采用不同焊接参数时ZL114A铸铝搅拌摩擦焊接头的金相组织、硬度分布及力学性能。结果表明，ZL114A铸铝的搅拌摩擦焊焊接性良好。焊核区的微观组织是无方向性的、细小的等轴晶粒。细化的硅粒子均匀布满整个焊核区。与粗大的树枝状母材相比，焊核晶粒细小、均匀而致密，没有观察到气孔等缺陷。焊缝区硬度分布较母材稳定，变化范围小。随着焊速增加，硅粒子所占体积比逐渐下降。热一机械影响区晶粒被拉长。接头的力学性能与焊接参数的匹配有关系。采用高焊速及转速与焊速比在3左右，获得的接头抗拉强度可达到母材的91％。焊后经T6热处理，可与同炉热处理母材等强。