Interfaces in XD processed TiB2/NiAl composites

Interfaces of TiB₂−NiAl and α-Al₂O₃−NiAl in TiB₂/NiAl composites have been investigated by analytical electron microscopy. Although no consistent crystallographic orientation relationships have been found between NiAl and TiB₂ or Al₂O₃, semicoherent interfaces between α-Al₂O₃ and NiAl have been observed by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) in areas where the low indexed crystallographic planes of α-Al₂O₃ aligned with that of NiAl. No semicoherent interfaces between NiAl and TiB₂ have been observed. Silicon segregation was consistently detected by X-ray energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) at the TiB₂/NiAl interface region. Segregation has not been detected in the α-Al₂O₃−NiAl interface region. The segregation layer observed at the TiB₂−NiAl interface is too thin to absorb any of the thermal residual stress.     

Reaction steps in the combustion synthesis of NiAl/TiB2 composites

The reaction steps in the formation of NiAl/TiB₂ composites produced by reaction synthesis have been determined using differential thermal analysis (DTA). The DTA technique reveals that the formation of NiAl/TiB₂ composites occurs in a two-step reaction. NiAl forms first at approximately 550 °C, followed by TiB₂, which forms at approximately 1050 °C. Both X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were performed on composites produced by reaction synthesis in a hot-press facility using the same heating rate used in the DTA experiments. It was found that the formation of NiAl and TiB₂ is preceded by the formation of intermediate compounds such as Ni₃Al, TiAl, Ti₃Al, Ti₂Ni, and TiB. The relative density measured in the composites with 0, 0.25, 0.50, and 0.75 volume fractions of TiB₂ was in excess of 96 pct of the theoretical density, since, during synthesis, NiAl is a transient liquid that acts as a binder phase for the TiB₂ particles.     

原位生长SiC/MoSi_2复合材料的制备工艺及其力学性能

通过反应烧结成功地制得了in-situ SiC/MOSi_2复合材料,该复合材料的组织均匀致密,相对密度达97.8％,强化相SiC的粒径小于1μm,体积分数为19.8％.复合材料室温抗弯强度为542MPa,断裂韧性5.21MPa·m~(1/2),维氏硬度12.21 GPa;在1200℃和1400℃时的抗压强度为596MPa和175MPa,800℃时的维氏硬度为8.2 GPa.在Al_2O_3和SiC磨盘上表现出优异的耐磨性能。     

TiB_2/ZrB_2/SiC复合功能材料的微观结构与力学性能

采用放电等离子烧结工艺,制备TiB2/ZrB2/SiC复合功能材料。用X射线衍射仪和场发射扫描电镜分析观察复合材料的物相组成及微观形貌。并测试复合材料的抗弯强度、断裂韧性及硬度。结果表明:两次球磨后的TiB2/ZrB2/SiC粉体粒度较小(2~4μm),且分布较均匀,几乎没有团聚现象。烧结后的复合功能材料中有(TixZry)B2固溶体相生成。当加入ZrB2的体积分数为30%时,生成的(TixZry)B2固溶体在复合材料中起到了很好的晶粒细化与界面融合作用,所以TZS30复合陶瓷材料比TZS0复合陶瓷材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别提高了119.8%和98.9%。利用TiB2/ZrB2/SiC复合陶瓷材料在高温摩擦作用下与氧的化学反应,可以实现自润滑。     

Fracture toughness of discontinuously reinforced Al-4Cu-1.5Mg/TiB2 composites

The effect of particle size, particle volume fraction, and matrix microstructure on the fracture initiation toughness of a discontinuously reinforced aluminum composite was examined. The composites were Al-4 wt pct Cu-1.5 wt pct Mg reinforced with 0 to 15 vol pct of TiB₂ having an average particle diameter of 1.3 or 0.3μm producedin situ by the XD process. The room-temperature plane-strain toughness measured using compact tension specimens ranged from 19 to 25 MPa . Toughness was adversely affected by increases in TiB₂ volume fraction. The fracture toughness of all composites was affected by changes in the matrix microstructure produced by aging. The response of the composites to artificial aging deviates from that of the matrix. Fractography revealed that these composites failed in a ductile manner, with voids initiating at the reinforcing TiB₂ particles. The experimentally measured plane-strain toughness properties of Al-4Cu-l .5Mg composites with well-dispersed, 1.3-μm TiB² reinforcements agree with the Rice and Johnson model.     

热压反应合成Al_2O_3-Ho_2O_3/TiAl复合材料

利用Al-Ti-TiO2-Ho2O3体系原位反应合成了Ho掺杂Al2O3/TiAl复合材料。采用DTA结合XRD分析对体系反应过程进行了探讨。借助XRD、EDS和SEM等手段,对放热体系的物相组成及晶粒微观形貌进行了分析表征。结果表明:Al-Ti-TiO2-Ho2O3系原位合成的Al2O3/TiAl复合材料由TiAl、Ti3Al、Al2O3以及HoAl3相组成;Ho2O3的引入对基体相生成比例(TiAl:Ti3Al)有一定的调控作用,并使得基体晶粒和Al2O3晶粒均有所细化且逐渐分布均匀。力学性能测试表明:当Ho2O3的引入量为6%时,材料的抗弯强度达到最大值,约为593.5MPa;断裂韧度达到最大值,为8.74MPa.m1/2,具有可接受的力学性能。     

Unlubricated fretting wear of TiB2-containing composites against bearing steel

Fretting tests under dry unlubricated conditions (22 °C to 25 °C, 50 to 55 pct RH) were performed on monolithic TiB₂, TiB₂-based cermet with a Ni₃(Al,Ti) binder, sialon-TiB₂, and ZrO₂-TiB₂ composites to assess their relative wear performance against bearing-grade steel. Based on the measured friction and wear data, the relative ranking of the investigated fretting couples is established. The fretting wear of all investigated tribocouples was found to fall in the tribochemical wear regime. The extent of the tribochemical reaction was observed to be strongly dependent on the chemical solubility of TiB₂ and the binder phases in steel at the tribocontacts and was accompanied by tribo-oxidation. For the monolithic TiB₂ and TiB₂-based cermet materials, however, abrasion and adhesive wear, in addition to the tribochemical reactions, are found to be the cause for the high volumetric wear loss of these tribosystems. On the other hand, mild abrasion coupled with reduced tribochemical reactions is observed to play a major role in the low wear loss of the ZrO₂-TiB₂/steel fretting couple. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the tribochemical layer formed in the monolithic TiB₂/steel tribocouple revealed the formation of mixed oxides containing predominantly TiO₂ (anatase), B₂O₃, and Fe₂O₃. Based on the thermodynamic calculations and the experimental observations, a tribochemical wear model is proposed to explain the observed tribological behavior of the investigated tribosystems.     

Temperature dependence of the strength of sintered TiB2-Fe composites

Conclusions A study was made of the effect of temperature in the range 20–1200°C on the transverse rupture strength of sintered TiB₂-Fe materials. It is shown that alloys of the TiB₂-Fe system surpass in high-temperature mechanical strength (>900°C) the standard hard metals.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 7(235), pp. 94–97, July, 1982.     

Intermetallic-reinforced light-metal matrix in-situ composites

Transition-metal trialuminide intermetallics such as Al₃Zr and Al₃Ti, having low densities and high elastic moduli, are good candidates for the in-situ reinforcement of light-metal matrices based on Al and Mg alloys. In this work, in-situ composites based on Al and Al-Mg matrices reinforced with an Al₃Zr intermetallic were successfully processed by conventional ingot metallurgy. The microstructural studies showed that “needle” or “feathery”-like particles of Al₃Zr phase, whose volume fraction increased with increasing concentration of Zr, were formed in the Al matrix in the investigated range of Zr contents from 0.9 to 11.6 at. pct. Properties of Al-Zr alloys were investigated as a function of volume fraction of Al₃Zr. It is shown that the density, hardness, and yield strength of the in-situ Al/Al₃Zr composites can be quite adequately described by the composite rule-of-mixtures (ROM) behavior. Alloying of a binary Al-2.4 at. pct Zr alloy with Mg up to ∼25 at. pct reduces profoundly its density and, additionally, strengthens the matrix by a Mg solid-solution strengthening mechanism.     

原位SiC颗粒增强MoSi_2基复合材料室温断裂韧度的效果与机制

以钼、硅、碳粉末为原料,采用湿法混合和原位反应热压一次复合工艺制备纯MoSi2及含原位SiC颗粒体积分数为40%的SiCP/MoSi2复合材料试样,并研究其显微结构和室温断裂韧度.结果表明,原位SiC使MoSi2基体晶粒得到明显细化,消除了脆性SiO2玻璃相,并阻碍SiCP/MoSi2复合材料断裂时的裂纹扩展而造成裂纹的偏转和桥接,最终使SiCP/MoSi2的室温断裂韧度比纯MoSi2有了大幅度的提高,达到4.91 MPa.m1/2.     

Synthesis ofin situ TiB2/TiN ceramic matrix composites from dense BN-Ti and BN-Ti-Ni powder blends

In the present research, near-net-shapein situ TiB₂/TiN and TiB₂/TiN/Ni composites were fabricated from cold-sintered BN/Ti and BN/Ti/Ni powder blends by pressureless displacement reaction synthesis or thermal explosion under pressure. In both approaches, the processing or preheating temperatures (≤1200 °C) were considerably lower than those typical of current methods used for the processing/consolidation of ceramic matrix composites. Microstructural characterization of the materials obtained was performed using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Mechanical properties were evaluated by measuring microhardness, fracture toughness, and three-point bending strength. Application of a moderate external pressure (≤250 MPa) during self-propagating synthesis (SHS) synthesis was shown to be sufficient to ensure full density of the TiB₂/TiN/Ni composite. The entire procedure of thermal explosion under pressure could be performed in open air without noticeable oxidation damage to the final product. The high fracture toughness of thein situ synthesized TiB₂/TiN/Ni composite (20.5 MPa√m) indicated that the finely dispersed ductile Ni phase was effective in dissipating the energy of cracks propagating in the ceramic matrix. Formarly Postdoctoral Student, Department of Materials Engineering, Technion. Formerly Fulbright Postdoctoral Fellow, Department of Materials Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104. This article is based on a presentation made in the “In Situ Reactions for Synthesis of Composites, Ceramics, and Intermetallics” symposium, held February 12–16, 1995, at the TMS Annual Meeting in Las Vegas, Nevada, under the auspices of SMD and ASM-MSD (the ASM/TMS Composites and TMS Powder Materials Committees).     

原位还原法制备Al/Al2O3复合材料的力学性质及反应动力学

以石英为先驱体,以液态铝为还原剂,在1073～1523 K的温度范围内对原位生成铝/氧化铝复合材料进行了研究,对获得的复合材料的物理和机械性能做了测定,并对材料显微结构进行了观测和分析.在1473K制备的铝/氧化铝复合材料密度为2.95g/cm3,最大弹性模量为130 GPa,最大三点抗弯强度为580 MPa,最大拉伸强度为268 MPa,洛氏硬度为86.产物铝/氧化铝复合材料的形状与作为先驱体的二氧化硅的形状几乎一致.讨论了反应过程的动力学.     

Y对原位Mg2Si/Al基复合材料初生相Mg2Si的细化机制

选用稀土Y和采用普通重力铸造法制备原位自生Mg2Si/Al基复合材料,研究不同含量的稀土Y对初生相Mg2Si形貌、尺寸和力学性能的改变.结果表明:稀土Y对Mg2Si/Al复合材料的凝固组织有影响;添加Y处理的Mg2Si/Al基复合材料的Mg2Si颗粒变得更加细小;通过计算二维错配度,发现Y可以作为初生相Mg2Si的异质形核质点从而细化颗粒,同时Y与Al相互作用形成Al3Y相可阻止Mg2Si相长大;此时铸态Mg2Si/Al合金复合材料的力学性能得到改善,其最大抗拉强度和延伸率分别为144 MPa和4.19％.     

原位自生钛基复合材料的研究进展

原位自生钛基复合材料以其高比强度和高比模量引起了人们的广泛关注,尤其是如何提高其高温性能成为近年来钛基复合材料研究的热点.该文详细综述了原位自生钛基复合材料的各种制备方法、增强体与钛基体的选择、各种增强体的反应体系以及原位自生钛基复合材料的组织结构与力学性能,指出了原位自生钛基复合材料今后的发展方向.     

泡孔结构对原位生成TiB2增强铝基泡沫材料阻尼性能的影响

以原位生成TiB2颗粒增强铝合金为基体,在不同正压压力条件下通过熔体发泡法制备不同泡孔结构特征的Al-TiB2复合泡沫,借助CT,SEM等手段重点研究了泡孔结构对Al-TiB2复合泡沫阻尼性能的影响和阻尼机制.研究结果表明,随着外加压力的增大,Al-TiB2复合泡沫材料的孔隙率逐渐减小,材料的屈服强度和杨氏模量逐渐增大...     

Microstructural characterization of novel in-situ Al-Be composites

The microstructure of cast and extruded in-situ Al-Be alloys, of compositions of Be-37Al-3Ni (wt pct) and Be-34Al-2Ni-2Ag-2Si (wt pct), was investigated using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The study indicates that both the Be and Al phases are continuous. The Be phase has a coarse dendritic structure in the as-cast material. Fractographic analysis of failed tensile specimens tested at room temperature revealed basal-plane cleavage failure of the Be phase and ductile failure of the Al phase. A significant number of deformation twins were observed in the Be phase when the tensile loading axis was parallel to the Be dendrite growth axis. An additional fracture mode was observed in the samples tested at elevated temperatures. At elevated temperatures, decohesion of the Al-Be interface was observed on the fracture surface. This phenomena was observed to increase as the test temperature increased from 150 °C to 315 °C. A high density of dislocations with a tangled morphology were observed in the Al phase after the tensile test. These were determined to be associated with easy slip of 1/2〈101〉-type dislocations. The limited ductility of the Be phase was attributed to the predominant basal slip of 〈a〉-type dislocations, b = 1/3〈1120〉, and the lack of dislocations with 〈c〉 components. However, a significant number of dislocations with 〈c〉 components were found in localized areas of the Be phase after extrusion.