颗粒增强金属基复合材料界面微观结构和性能研究进展

界面作为颗粒增强金属基复合材料中硬质颗粒和金属基体之间连接的“纽带”,直接影响复合材料的力学和摩擦性能,为了更好地揭示界面特性与复合材料整体性能之间的耦合关系,需要对界面展开微观研究。综述近年来对颗粒增强金属基复合材料界面的研究进展。主要分为三个方面：界面结构显微表征,即通过一系列电子显微镜和能谱分析,得到界面形貌、反应产物以及取向关系等信息;微观力学性能测试,即表征界面在微观尺度下的形变和失效过程,进而得到结合强度、断裂韧性等信息;模拟计算,在常规试验达不到的尺度,分析界面的结合能、电荷分布和电子结构,以及模拟界面的变形和失效过程。界面的微观研究对于界面改性和进一步提高颗粒增强金属基复合材料性能具有一定的指导意义。     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料简介

简述了颗粒增强金属基复合材料的主要特点,包括制备工艺简单、成本低廉、性能优异等.同时还介绍了基体材料、增强颗粒的作用和选用原则、界面、原位反应复合法等制备技术及应用前景.     

Al-Mg系自生纤维增强铝基复合材料组织与性能

为解决金属基复合材料中外加增强体与基体间异质界面对材料性能带来的不利影响，提出一种基于粉末冶金技术的原位复合新工艺，并制备出自生金属间化合物纤维增强铝基复合材料。研究结果表明，原位生成的金属间化合物纤维均匀分布在基体中，并平行于材料制备时的挤出方向；原位复合材料的增强效果明显，屈服强度比外加复合材料和基体分别高出28％和95．7％，断裂强度则相应提高了20．6％和88．5％；原位复合材料的强化机制主要是基体和增强体间界面结合良好，既能发挥基体的塑韧性，又能有效发挥自生增强体的强度优势，材料的断裂机制为自生纤维脆性断裂和劈裂。本研究同时表明，此方法工艺简单，成本低廉，且效率高，容易实现产业化。     

纤维增强金属基复合材料研究进展

由于金属基复合材料具有良好的综合性能,纤维或颗粒增强金属基复合材料制备技术仍是未来新材料的重要研究领域之一.本文归纳总结了常见纤维增强体的特点及其应用领域,纤维增强金属基复合材料制备方法,以及粉末冶金、真空热压烧结、挤压铸造、真空压力浸渗等制备工艺的优点和缺点.对纤维和基体的界面润湿性及表面改性对力学性能和耐磨性的影响...     

颗粒增强金属基复合材料的制备技术和界面反应与控制

金属基复合材料被誉为２１世纪的材料,其中短纤维或陶瓷颗粒增强金属基复合材料（ＰＲＭＭＣｓ）更具有吸引力。铝合金和镁合金是基体材料的最佳候选者,而陶瓷颗粒由于具有优异的性能倍受青睐。在金属基体中加入增强相,可以提高材料的强度、弹性模量、硬度、耐磨性,降低热膨胀系数,改善高温性能和抗疲劳性,然而会导致材料的塑性、韧性下降。近年来,发展了许多制备技术,根据工艺的温度可分为三类：液相工艺、固相工艺和液－固两相工艺。增强相与基体之间的界面反应取决于制备工艺、增强相与基体材料的组成、温度和时间等因素,反过来又对制备工艺和材料的性能产生重要的影响,控制界面反应使之有利于制备工艺和材料的性能是研究的重要目标之一。本文重点对颗粒增强金属基复合材料研究中制备技术和界面反应与控制等热点问题进行分析讨论。     

原位生成TiB2/Al复合材料的界面微结构研究

利用透射电镜和高分辨电子显微镜研究了混合盐原位反应生成的TiB2/Al复合材料的界面微观结构。结果表明,原位生成的TiB2颗粒呈六方结构,颗粒周围存在部分位错,且TiB2颗粒与基体Al存在位向关系：[0001]TiB2∥[111]Al,（1^-21^-0）TiB2∥（110）Al。电镜观察显示TiB2/Al复合材料界面光滑洁净,没有其它反应产物,界面处原子结合良好。TiB2/Al界面结合为半共格界面结合,建立了TiB2/Al复合材料界面原子结合模型。     

金属基复合材料制备工艺的研究进展

系统论述了金属基复合材料研究和发展的概况,简要介绍了金属基复合材料的常用金属基体、增强体,重点阐述了金属基复合材料常用的制备技术,即：搅拌铸造法、粉末冶金法、原位生成法等。另外,对金属基复合材料的润湿性、界面反应、复合材料力学性能和有限元模拟作了简单介绍。最后,对半固态成形技术应用于金属纂复合材料中的成形加工发展方向做了展望。     

碳化钛颗粒增强高锰钢微观组织的研究

采用粉末冶金与原位合成相结合的技术,以铁粉、钛粉、石墨和锰铁粉等为原料,制备了碳化钛颗粒增强高锰钢复合材料.采用扫描电镜(SEM)对复合材料的微观组织进行分析.结果表明:原位合成的碳化钛颗粒在基体中均匀分布;碳化钛颗粒与基体的界面干净,界面处存在元素的浓度梯度.     

添加La2O3对激光烧结(WC-Co)p/Cu金属基复合材料组织和成形性能的影响

研究了稀土氧化物La2O3添加量对激光烧结直接成形(WC-10Co)颗粒增强Cu基复合材料的影响.结果表明,优化La2O3含量(1.0%),可细化激光烧结组织,提高增强颗粒分散均匀性以及颗粒/基体界面结合性能,成形致密度高达理论密度的96.3%,显微硬度HV可达403.1;而过量添加La2O3(≥1.5%),导致激光成形性能降低.讨论了稀土原子对颗粒增强金属基复合材料激光烧结成形的作用机理.     

金属基铸造颗粒复合材料的研究现状及发展

综述了国内外金属基铸造颗粒复合材料的制取方法和特点;对复合材料凝固过程中粒子的分布情况和改善其分布状态的方法进行了分析;阐述了颗粒与基体界面结合情况,指出,当粒子与基体间存在扩散层或反应层时,二者的结合是牢固的,归纳了颗粒对材料性能的影响,对金属基铸造颗粒复合材料的发展提出了建议。     

Finite Element Analysis of the Microstructure–Strength Relationships of Metal Matrix Composites

The influence of the shape and spatial distribution of reinforced particles on strength and damage of metal matrix composite （MMC） is investigated through finite element method under uniaxial tensile, simple shear, biaxial tensile, as well as combined tensile/shear loadings. The particle shapes change randomly from circular to regular n-sided polygon （3 ≤ n ≤ 10）; the particle alignments are determined through a sequentially random number stream and the particle locations are defined through the random sequential adsorption algorithm. The ductile failure in metal matrix and brittle failure in particles are described through damage models based on the stress triaxial indicator and maximum principal stress criterion, respectively, while the debonding behavior of interface between particles and matrix is simulated through cohesive elements. The simulation results show that, under different loadings, interface debonding is the dominated failure mechanism in MMCs and plastic deformation and ductile failure of matrix also play very important roles on the failure of MMCs.     

热压烧结反应生成TiB／Ti-4．0Fe-7．3Mo复合材料的组织与性能

采用机械合金化(MA)的方法将B和FeMo粉末与金属Ti的粉末混合均匀，球磨10h后，真空热压烧结制备原位生成TiB增强Ti-4．0Fe-7．3Mo复合材料。在金相显微镜(OM)下观察，复合材料由TiB增强区与不含TiB的基体所组成。TEM研究表明：增强区足由反应生成的TiB增强的α和β-Ti2相共同组成，在α和β-Ti相交界处分布的TiB不仅尺寸较人，而且数量也较两相内部的TiB多。在α钛中观察到少量的平行于α相板条的特殊TiB的存在。反应生成的TiB呈截面为六边形的针状，与基体的界面清洁、平直匹配良好。复合材料的三点弯曲强度和杨氏模量均随反应生成TiB体积含量的增加而降低。     

Microstructural evolution and its effects on mechanical properties of spray deposited SiCp/8009Al composites during secondary processing

15% (volume fraction) SiC_p/8009Al metal matrix composites(MMCs) prepared by spray co-deposition were hot-extruded and rolled to investigate the effects of porosity and local SiC_p clusters on mechanical properties. The microstructures were examined by using optical microscopy(OM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), X-ray diffractometry(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The mechanical properties were measured by tensile testing. The experimental results show that lamellar structure is composed of pores and SiC_p clusters and can be improved by secondary processing, enhancing mechanical properties. The main strengthening mechanism and fracture behavior of MMCs were discussed too.     

激光焊接颗粒增强铝基复合材料中TiB2颗粒的演变行为（英文）

研究大功率激光器焊接TiB2颗粒增强铝基复合材料时TiB2粒子的演变行为。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱(EDS)分析焊缝内粒子的物相、热力学过程及形貌特征;同时对TiB2和铝基体的界面反应进行讨论。结果表明:当TiB2团簇尺寸大于激光光斑直径时,焊缝中部的TiB2粒子会熔融在一起,较大尺寸的TiB2会发生断裂;当与铝熔体接触后,熔化后的TiB2粒子会与Al发生反应生成Al3Ti和AlB12,并且焊缝中部的界面反应比焊缝边缘的剧烈。     

亚规则溶体模型在金属基复合材料界面反应中的应用（英文）EI北大核心CSCD

金属基复合材料的界面反应是影响复合材料综合性能的重要因素之一。通过使用亚正规溶体模型来分析固液体界面反应的热力学研究。这一计算模型是用来揭示基体合金中加入的新合金元素对金属基复合材料界面反应的影响。结合实际研究中碳纤维增强铝镁合金复合材料,向基体合金中增加镁元素分析对Cf/Al-Mg复合材料界面反应的影响,并得出结论:合金中随着镁元素增加,可抑制碳纤维增强复合材料界面处脆性相Al4C3的生成。     

Enhanced Mechanical Properties of AA5083 Matrix Composite via Introducing Al0.5CoCrFeNi Particles and Cryorolling

High-entropy alloy particles (HEAPs) can markedly enhance the mechanical properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs). In this study, AA5083/Al_0.5CoCrFeNi HEAPs MMCs with different HEAPs contents (0, 1, and 3 wt%) were prepared via a stir-casting, and then these MMCs sheets were hot rolled (573 K) and cryorolled (77 K), respectively. The mechanical properties of the MMCs sheets were measured by tensile testing and microhardness test. Additionally, their microstructures were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Results revealed that the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the as-cast AA5083/Al_0.5CoCrFeNi HEAPs MMCs were improved from 203 to 257 MPa by adding 3 wt% HEAPs. And the mechanical properties of the MMCs sheets were improved after cryorolling. After cryorolling with 50% rolling reduction ratio, the MMCs with 1 wt% HEAPs had an UTS of 382 MPa, which was 1.9 times that of the MMCs before rolling. Finally, the strengthening mechanisms of HEAPs and cryorolling on the AA5083/HEAPs MMCs were discussed.     

金属基复合材料强度的影响因素

过去30年里金属基复合材料虽然得到了广泛的研究与发展，但其性能一致性差的问题制约了其应用，因此复合材料的性能设计受到了普遍的关注。强度是材料在工程应用上重要的衡量指标，对强度影响因素的研究对复合材料的性能设计至关重要。本文着重分析了复合材料中基体合金化，增强体，基体与增强体的相容性，界面，工艺等因素对强度的影响。     

Cutting forces and TEM analysis of the generated surface during machining metal matrix composites

Cutting of metal matrix composites (MMCs) has been considerably difficult due to the extremely abrasive nature of the reinforcements that causes rapid tool wear and high machining cost. An investigation was carried out to clearly understand the role played by the ductile matrix on the machining performance based on the estimation of line defects generated as a result of cutting. The microstructural studies were conducted using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) on the machined surface to reveal the deformation pattern of the work hardening matrix and its correlation with the forces generated during turning MMCs. Cracking and debonding of the reinforcement particles are the significant damage modes that directly affect the tool performance. It was found that the particle size and volume fraction affect the extent of deformation in the generated surface. Also the machining forces are correlated to the plastic deformation characteristics of the matrix material. This investigation provided valuable information on the deformation behaviour of particulate reinforced composites that can improve the performance and accuracy of machining MMCs.     

WCp/Fe metal matrix composites produced by laser melt injection

Laser melt injection (LMI) was used to produce WC particles (WC_p) reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) layer on the mild steel. During the LMI process, different parameters were applied, and the processing window of this technique was obtained. The MMCs layers were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM result reveals that none macro-defects except few pores can be found in the MMCs layer, and the WC_p distribute uniformly in the layer. In addition, some new phases can be found in the MMCs layer, where Fe₃W₃C is the predominant phase. At the same time, the amount of dissolved WC_p plays a key role in the microstructure of the MMCs layer. The WC particle dissolved into the melt pool leads to the appearance of reaction products in the matrix, such as various primary Fe₃W₃C dendrites, and the liquid WC remained on the solid WC particle results in the formation of a thicker reaction layer.