Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物外延材料的表面光伏谱的研究

测量了不同掺杂浓度和外延层厚度的Ⅲ-Ⅴ族化合物外延材料的光伏谱。由曲线拟合计算出了外延层的掺杂浓度和少子扩散长度等参数,并与实验测量值作了对比,结果表明,理论与实际基本一致。     

Au掺杂HgCdTe材料的光电特性

Au掺杂是改善光伏型HgCdTe红外探测器性能的一种技术途径,通过Au掺杂来取代HgCdTe材料中的本征的Hg空位,可以提高材料的少子寿命和少子扩散长度。采用液相外延技术生长了Au掺杂的HgCdTe外延材料,Au的掺杂浓度为~8×1015/cm3,通过富Hg退火技术来抑制材料中的Hg空位,Hg空位的浓度控制在1~2×1015/cm3。变温霍尔测试表明,退火材料中的受主杂质能级为8~12 meV,并且与退火条件相关。采用Au掺杂材料和离子注入成结工艺制备了截止波长为14 μm的甚长波红外焦平面器件,测试结果显示,用Au掺杂取代Hg空位掺杂,可以显著提高红外探测器的光响应率,探测器的内量子效率可以达到95%以上。     

液相外延原位Au掺杂碲镉汞薄膜材料的研究

通过液相外延方法,在碲锌镉衬底上制备了原位Au掺杂碲镉汞薄膜材料,采用金相显微镜、X光双晶衍射仪、二次离子质谱仪、Hall测试、少子寿命测试等手段对Au掺杂的碲镉汞薄膜材料进行了表征,外延片的表面形貌、晶格质量等和常规的碲镉汞外延材料基本相当,少子寿命较常规材料提高至少一个量级,芯片R0A提高至少5倍,并成功制备出了截止波长为10 μm的256×256探测器芯片,响应率非均匀性为2.85%,有效像元率为99.2%。     

半导体单晶材料的表面光伏效应

本文报导了测量半导体单晶材料(Si、GaAs、GaP、InP)的表面光伏谱和少子扩散长度,以及用微型计算机进行曲线拟合计算出材料的掺杂浓度、载流子迁移率、表面势垒宽度和表面势垒边界的界面复合速度等参数;得到的掺杂浓度与霍尔方法的测量值做了对比;本文还讨论了曲线拟合计算结果的可靠性和准确性.     

红外探测器的二维拓扑有限元分析

本文就InSb单晶红外探测器中剩余少子分布进行二维数值分析。文中采用拓扑有限元法,得出非平衡载流子扩散方程的拓扑有限元模型。重点分析在均匀光照情况下,表面复合速度和扩散系数对光伏式二极管短路工作时光电流的横向效应的影响。     

分子束外延的CdTe在碲镉汞中波器件中钝化效果

采用分子束外延技术（MBE）制备了碲化镉（CdTe）原位钝化的中波碲镉汞（HgCdTe）材料。原子力显微镜（AFM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测试结果表明,分子束原位外延的CdTe可见cross-hatch,表面粗糙度为1～2 nm,CdTe和HgCdTe界面结合紧密。微波光导测试结果显示,77 K时,与表面处理后非原位CdTe钝化的HgCdTe材料相比,CdTe原位钝化的HgCdTe材料的少子寿命较大。制备了分子束外延CdTe原位钝化的中波HgCdTe光伏器件,和相同材料上的非原位CdTe/ZnS双层钝化制备的器件I-V特性相似。     

无接触法测量多晶硅材料的少子扩散长度

用微波光电导谱仪无接触、非破坏性地测量了多晶硅的微波光电导谱,推导了由光电导谱计算多晶硅样品的少子扩散长度和表面复合速度的计算方法,并由此算得了样品的少子扩散长度和表面复合速度。测试区域是一个直径为3mm的圆斑。这是一种简便而又准确的测试方法。这样的方法还适用于GaAs薄片材料少子扩散长度的测量和计算。     

RBa_2Cu_3O_（7－δ）（R＝Y，Pr）薄膜中非平衡载流子的超快弛豫动力学

通过拟合ＹＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ（７－δ）（δ＝０．１，０．４，０．８）和ＰｒＢａ２Ｃｕ３Ｏ７外延膜的室温飞秒瞬态反射谱，研究了其非平衡载流子的超快弛豫动力学，计算了电声耦合常数λ．发现随着氧含量的降低及用Ｐｒ替代Ｙ，Ｃｕ－Ｏ面上载流子浓度降低，非平衡载流子的弛豫时间增加而电声耦合常数明显减小．这表明电声耦合与载流子浓度的依赖关系，电声相互作用可能是一种实空间局域相互作用．     

p＋-InP/n-InGaAs/n-InP双异质结结构的微波反射光电导衰减法表征及机理分析

采用微波反射光电导衰减法测量了P -InP/n-InGaAs/n-InP双异质结材料的非平衡载流子寿命分布,通过对非平衡载流子浓度在P n结中衰减过程的分析,建立了在此结构材料中微波反射光电导衰退法测试少子寿命与器件参数之间的联系,并且解释了寿命测试值随温度降低而减小的反常行为.     

p+ -InP/n-InGaAs/n-InP双异质结结构的微波反射光电导衰减法表征及机理分析

采用微波反射光电导衰减法测量了P+ -InP/n-InGaAs/n-InP双异质结材料的非平衡载流子寿命分布,通过对非平衡载流子浓度在P+n结中衰减过程的分析,建立了在此结构材料中微波反射光电导衰退法测试少子寿命与器件参数之间的联系,并且解释了寿命测试值随温度降低而减小的反常行为.     

Determination of the minority carrier lifetime in crystalline silicon thin‐film material

The effective minority carrier lifetimes on epitaxial silicon thin‐film material have been measured successfully using two independent microwave‐detected photoconductivity decay setups. Both measurement setups are found to be equally suited to determine the minority carrier lifetime of crystalline silicon thin‐film (cSiTF) material. The different measurement conditions to which the sample under investigation is exposed are critically analyzed by both simulations and measurements on a large number of lifetime samples. No systematic deviation between the lifetime results from different measurement setups could be observed, underlining the accuracy of the determined lifetime value. Subsequently, a method to separate the epitaxial bulk lifetime and the total recombination velocity, consisting of front surface and interface recombination between the epitaxial layer and the substrate, is presented. The method, based on different thicknesses of the epitaxial layer, is applied to all batches of this investigation. Each batch consists of samples with the same material quality but different epitaxial layer thicknesses whereas different batches differ in their material quality. In addition, the same method is also successfully applied on individual cSiTF samples. From the results, it can be concluded that the limiting factor of the effective minority carrier lifetime for the investigated solar‐grade cSiTF material is the elevated recombination velocity at the interface between epitaxial layer and the substrate compared with microelectronic‐grade material. In contrast, the samples cannot be classified into different material qualities by their epitaxial bulk lifetimes. Even on multicrystalline substrate, solar‐grade material can exhibit high epitaxial bulk lifetimes comparable to microelectronic‐grade material. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Effect of dislocations on performance of LWIR HgCdTe photodiodes

The epitaxial growth of HgCdTe on alternative substrates has emerged as an enabling technology for the fabrication of large-area infrared (IR) focal plane arrays (FPAs). One key technical issue is high dislocation densities in HgCdTe epilayers grown on alternative substrates. This is particularly important with regards to the growth of HgCdTe on heteroepitaxial Si-based substrates, which have a higher dislocation density than the bulk CdZnTe substrates typically used for epitaxial HgCdTe material growth. In the paper a simple model of dislocations as cylindrical regions confined by surfaces with definite surface recombination is proposed. Both radius of dislocations and its surface recombination velocity are determined by comparison of theoretical predictions with carrier lifetime experimental data described by other authors. It is observed that the carrier lifetime depends strongly on recombination velocity; whereas the dependence of the carrier lifetime on dislocation core radius is weaker. The minority carrier lifetime is approximately inversely proportional to the dislocation density for densities higher than 10⁵ cm⁻². Below this value, the minority carrier lifetime does not change with dislocation density. The influence of dislocation density on the R₀A product of long wavelength infrared (LWIR) HgCdTe photodiodes is also discussed. It is also shown that parameters of dislocations have a strong effect on the R₀A product at temperature around 77 K in the range of dislocation density above 10⁶ cm⁻². The quantum efficiency is not a strong function of dislocation density.     

CaF2 surface passivation of lead selenide grown on BaF2

A new method of surface passivation of PbSe epitaxial layers by growing a thin epitaxial CaF₂ layer is proposed. Improvement in photoluminescence (PL) intensity is observed when the PbSe layer is passivated. The minority carrier lifetime (τ), measured by photo-current decay method corroborates PL measurements and shows a consistent, albeit not considerable, improvement in the lifetime of PbSe samples after surface passivation. The positive effect of surface passivation, especially at low heat-sink temperature, offered by a new passivating material is critically important for IV-VI material-based infrared detector and sensor applications.     

Degradation of GaP:N LEDs

The degradation of light output with operating time has been studied for nitrogen doped GaP light emitting diodes fabricated from vapor phase epitaxial material. The degradation is found to saturate at a non-zero value of efficiency. The process is characterized in terms of a degradation rate constant and the saturation value of efficiency. The rate is found to be a strong function of current density during operation and to a lesser degree materials parameters such as dislocation density. The saturation value appears to be independent of these parameters. The degradation is specifically associated with a decrease in the minority carrier lifetime in the p-side of these diffused LEDs. A model for the generation of non-radiative recombination centers which describes the degradation process quantitatively is presented.     

Measurement of minority carrier lifetime and diffusion length in silicon epitaxial layers by means of the photocurrent technique

A new method for the determination of minority carrier lifetime and diffusion length in thin silicon epitaxial layers was developed. Using a transparent MIS structure the surface recombination velocity was reduced below 25 cm/s. This method makes possible to determine minority carrier lifetime and also diffusion length much greater than the thickness of the epitaxial layer.     

Separation of local bulk and surface recombination in crystalline silicon from luminescence reabsorption

Spontaneous photoemission of crystalline silicon provides information on excess charge carrier density and thereby on electronic properties such as charge carrier recombination lifetime and series resistance. This paper is dedicated to separating bulk recombination from surface recombination in silicon solar cells and wafers by exploiting reabsorption of spontaneously emitted photons. The approach is based on a comparison between luminescence images acquired with different optical short pass filters and a comprehensive mathematical model. An algorithm to separate both front and back surface recombination velocities and minority carrier diffusion length from photoluminescence (PL) images on silicon wafers is introduced. This algorithm can likewise be used to simultaneously determine back surface recombination velocity and minority carrier diffusion length in the base of a standard crystalline silicon solar cell from electroluminescence (EL) images. The proposed method is successfully tested experimentally. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

表面光电压技术在Si外延过程中的应用

介绍了用表面光电压(SPV)法测试少数载流子的扩散长度、少子寿命和体Fe含量的基本原理及其计算方法,分析了三种常见外延结构中少子扩散长度的测试方法及其影响因素,得出了用于表面光电压测试的外延片及衬底片应满足的条件。提出了在外延工艺前后,用SPV法测试同一p型控片中少子的扩散长度和体Fe含量,对比前后值的大小来监测Si外延工艺过程中的沾污情况。分别给出了衬底片、石墨基座、HCl、SiHCl3、外延腔体等5种Si外延过程中最常见沾污源的监控和识别流程,特别以平板式外延腔体为例,具体说明了识别及排除Fe沾污所运行的工艺程序,并对Fe沾污的测试结果进行了分析,确定了Fe沾污的来源。     

Si基HgCdTe变面积光伏探测器的变温特性研究

通过变面积Si基HgCdTe器件变温I-V测试和暗电流特性拟合分析,研究了不同偏压下n-on-p型Si基HgCdTe光伏器件的暗电流成分与Si基HgCdTe材料少子扩散长度和少子寿命随温度的变化规律.在液氮温度下,随着反向偏压的增大器件的表面漏电流在暗电流中所占比重逐渐增加.在零偏压下,当温度低于200 K时材料的少子...     

基于三氯硅烷的高质量4H-SiC多片外延生长

使用三氯硅烷(TCS)作为含氯生长源,在多片外延设备生长了高质量的4H-SiC外延材料.研究了原位预刻蚀气体HCl流量和刻蚀时间对SiC外延材料表面三角形缺陷的影响,使用光学显微镜和表面缺陷分析仪对SiC外延材料表面缺陷进行表征测试和统计,使用傅里叶红外测试仪(FTIR)和原子力显微镜(AFM)对外延材料表面形貌进行表征.结果表明,预刻蚀气体体积流量和时间对4英寸SiC外延材料表面三角形缺陷影响明显,随着HCl体积流量和时间的增加,材料表面的三角形缺陷密度先减小后增加,在HCl流量为100 mL/min、刻蚀时间为20 min时,三角形缺陷密度最低达到0.47cm-2.此外,通过调整C/Si比和载气体积流量等参数,使4英寸SiC外延材料掺杂浓度不均匀性和厚度不均匀性均得到有效改善,结果表明该外延片质量满足SiC电力电子器件的应用.     

Experimental evaluation of the carrier lifetime in GaAs grown at low temperature

The relaxation dynamics of nonequilibrium charge carriers in gallium arsenide epitaxial films grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at low temperatures has been studied. The growth conditions of the epitaxial layer provided an excess arsenic content of 1.2% in the layer. In a material of this kind, the carrier lifetime is <1 ps. To examine carrier relaxation in the femtosecond range, an original scheme for measuring the refractive index dynamics was developed on the basis of the pump-probe technique. The lifetime of nonequilibrium charge carriers was evaluated to be (200 ± 35) fs.