Ni-20Cr-Y_2O_3弥散氧化物微晶涂层及其高温氧化性能

采用高频电脉冲沉积技术在Ni 2 0Cr合金表面上沉积MGH75 4ODS合金 ,获得了Ni 2 0Cr Y2 O3 弥散氧化物微晶涂层。在 10 0 0℃空气中对Ni 2 0Cr合金及施加涂层的试样进行 10 0h的氧化实验。结果表明 ,微晶化和添加弥散氧化物 (Y2 O3)促进了铬发生选择氧化形成Cr2 O3 氧化膜 ,提高了合金的抗高温氧化性能和氧化膜的粘附性。用AFM ,SEM ,EDS和XRD分别对Ni 2 0Cr合金与Ni 2 0Cr Y2 O3 弥散氧化物微晶涂层的形貌、结构和成分进行了研究 ,讨论了弥散氧化物微晶涂层改善Ni 2 0Cr合金高温氧化性能的协同作用机理。     

Ni—20Cr—Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层及其高温氧化性能

采用高频电脉冲沉积技术在Ni-20Cr合金表面上沉积MGH754ODS合金,获得了Ni-20Cr-Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层。在1000℃空气中对Ni-20Cr合金及施加涂层的试样进行100h的氧化实验。结果表明,微晶化和添加弥散氧化物（Y2O3）促进了铬发生选择氧化形成Cr2O3氧化膜,提高了合金的抗高温氧化性能和氧化膜的粘附性,用AFM,SEM,EDS和XRD分别为Ni-20Cr合金与Ni-20Cr-Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层的形貌、结构和成分进行了研究,讨论了弥散氧化物微晶涂层改善Ni-20Cr合金高温氧化性能的协同作用机理。     

Fe20Cr4.5Al微晶和含Y2O3弥散氧化物涂晶涂层的高温氧化性能

采用自行研制的高频电脉冲沉积（HFESD）设备在Fe20Cr4.5Al合金表面分别制备了Fe20Cr4.5Al微晶涂层与Fe20Cr4.5Al-Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层。在1000℃和1100℃静态空气中，对合金基体和施加涂层试样进行了200h的恒温氧化实验。结果表明：在两种实验温度条件下，含有Y2O3弥散氧化物颗粒的微晶涂层，完全消除了Al2O3氧化膜中的凸脊，细化了氧化膜的晶粒，抑制了氧化膜的剥落，大大地提高了氧化膜的致密性和粘附性。单一的微晶涂层则部分抑制了凸脊状氧化膜的形成，氧化膜由脊状氧化物和细晶氧化物混杂组成。涂层对氧化增重的影响则与氧化温度－氧化膜的生长速率有关，在1000℃下，涂层试样的氧化增重均有所降低，其中弥散氧化物微晶涂层试样的氧化增重最低；在1100℃下，施加微晶涂层和弥散氧化物涂层对氧化增重影响很小。微晶和Y2O3弥散氧化物颗粒在提高Al2O3氧化膜保护性方面具有“协同效应”。     

Fe20Cr4.5Al微晶和含Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层的高温氧化性能

采用自行研制的高频电脉冲沉积(HFESD)设备在Fe20Cr4.5Al合金表面分别制备了Fe20Cr4.5Al微晶涂层与Fe20Cr4.5Al-Y2O3弥散氧化物微晶涂层.在1000℃和1100℃静态空气中,对合金基体和施加涂层试样进行了200 h的恒温氧化实验.结果表明在两种实验温度条件下,含有Y2O3弥散氧化物颗粒的微晶涂层,完全消除了Al2O3氧化膜中的凸脊,细化了氧化膜的晶粒,抑制了氧化膜的剥落,大大地提高了氧化膜的致密性和粘附性.单一的微晶涂层则部分抑制了凸脊状氧化膜的形成,氧化膜由脊状氧化物和细晶氧化物混杂组成.涂层对氧化增重的影响则与氧化温度-氧化膜的生长速率有关,在1000℃下,涂层试样的氧化增重均有所降低,其中弥散氧化物微晶涂层试样的氧化增重最低;在1100℃下,施加微晶涂层和弥散氧化物涂层对氧化增重影响很小.微晶和Y2O3弥散氧化物颗粒在提高Al2O3氧化膜保护性方面具有"协同效应".     

高能脉冲等离子扫描电沉积ZrO2/Y2O3陶瓷涂层

用高能脉冲等离子扫描电沉积技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面制备ZrO2/Y2O3复合陶瓷涂层,以提高材料的抗高温氧化性能.陶瓷涂层的表面质量与多项工艺参数有关,通过不同工艺条件下获得的涂层性能对比分析优选出了满意的工艺参数,并分析了相应的作用机理.     

高能脉冲等离子扫描电沉积ZrO2/Y2O3陶瓷涂层

用高能脉冲等离子扫描电沉积技术在1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢表面制备ZrO2/Y2O3复合陶瓷涂层,以提高材料的抗高温氧化性能.陶瓷涂层的表面质量与多项工艺参数有关,通过不同工艺条件下获得的涂层性能对比分析优选出了满意的工艺参数,并分析了相应的作用机理.     

阴极等离子电解大面积沉积弥散Pt微粒增韧8YSZ热障涂层

采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)在高温合金表面制备一层Ni Co Cr Al Y粘结层,然后采用阴极等离子电解沉积(CPED)制备一层弥散Pt微粒的8YSZ涂层。通过在电解液中加入陶瓷微珠,促使阴极表面发生均匀的等离子微弧放电,实现了在大面积样品上沉积8YSZ涂层。获得的涂层厚度到达120μm,具有多孔结构,由立方相和四方相8YSZ以及Pt组成。1100℃空气中循环氧化的结果表明,随着涂层中Pt含量的的增加,涂层的抗高温氧化和抗剥落性能得到明显提高。Pt微粒对8YSZ涂层的增韧作用主要为:Pt微粒塑性变形吸收裂纹扩展的能量,钝化裂纹尖端,减小裂纹尺寸,提高涂层的临界断裂应力。     

耐热钢表面等离子喷涂NiCrAlY＋(ZrO2＋Y2O3)热障涂层性能研究

利用等离子喷涂法在耐热钢1Cr18Ni9Ti基体表面喷涂NiCrAlY＋（ZrO2＋Y2O3）陶瓷热障涂层，并进行高温隔热性能试验，用XRD、SEM检测了试样的金相组织、结构及形貌，结果表明，陶瓷热障涂层与1Cr18Ni9Ti基体结合紧密；表面陶瓷层经高温氧化后处理后其硬度显著增高；进行850℃高温隔热性能试验，1Cr18Ni9Ti表面热障涂层隔热能力显著提高，达75℃。     

Al_2O_3和Y_2O_3改性的渗铬涂层循环氧化性能

采用在Ni基上分别电镀Ni-Al2O3复合涂层,单Ni镀层和Ni-Y2O3复合涂层+1100℃扩散渗铬3 h的方法,制备了3种渗铬涂层,并对其进行循环氧化实验。SEM分析表明:与Y2O3微米粒子相比,Al2O3纳米颗粒更加均匀分布在Ni纳米晶中,而且抑制了渗铬过程中涂层晶粒的长大。氧化实验表明:与普通渗铬涂层相比,Al2O3改性的渗铬涂层所具有的细晶结构促进了氧化初期保护性Cr2O3氧化膜的快速形成,随后涂层晶界处Al2O3抑制了Cr的外扩散,降低了氧化速度并提高涂层的抗剥落性能;微米Y2O3粒子通过溶解和重新析出来抑制渗层晶粒长大,且具有稀土活性元素的效应,从而提高渗层的抗循环氧化性能。     

超音速等离子弧喷涂ZrO_2/CoNiCrAlY热障涂层界面高温氧化性能研究

采用超音速等离子弧喷涂设备在35Cr Mo钢基体上制备了Zr O_2/Co Ni Cr Al Y热障涂层,并将涂层加热到1 150℃进行氧化试验。利用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射方法对涂层的组织结构和相组成进行了分析,并对元素扩散情况进行研究。结果表明,涂层组织致密,界面结合良好,无剥落;粘结层表面存在少量尖角和钩状突出颗粒。热障涂层经过1 150℃加热后,在粘结层与陶瓷层的界面处出现少量深颜色的热生长氧化物(thermally grown oxide,简称TGO);随着氧化时间的延长,TGO层厚度明显增加并且开始连续。通过对Zr O_2-8Y2O3/Co Ni Cr Al Y界面扫描发现,该处Al元素出现了的富集峰,而Cr和Ni元素的含量远小于金属黏结层中含量,并且Cr和Ni元素的变化趋势为沿界面呈梯度下降,TGO层由亚稳态的θ-Al2O3逐渐转变为稳定态的α-Al2O3,有效地提高了涂层的抗高温氧化性能。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.