楠溪江古村落特色、价值及其保护

楠溪江是瓯江下游最大的北支流,古村落群散布在楠溪江中游两岸,目前尚存留有较完整的宋式村貌、明清建筑及其文化习俗。自唐末移民至楠溪江以来,许多村落的建立都经过完整的规划。村落建筑布局尽管体现了带有封建迷信色彩的“天人感应”和古代堪舆学说、“风水”思想,但都具有相当发达的环境意识。其建筑风格背后的文化心脉,凝结着历代文人学士、民间匠人独特的智慧和劳动。     

林坑村古风貌：在旅游者的脚步声里传承

浙江温州楠溪江风景区所处的永嘉县是一个历史悠久,文化发达的地区,形成了独特而灿烂的永嘉文化。永嘉在南宋偏安时很繁华,因为距离当时的都城杭州较近,又比较安全。北方许多豪门巨户躲避战乱,迁居到这个山环水绕土地膏腴的地方,长时期的发展终于形成了古村密集、文化鼎盛的局面。楠溪江上游就散布着许多古村落,且大都风貌完好。受山地限制,这些村落往往规模不大,但与地形有机结合。黄南乡林坑村是其中的一个典型代表。这些古村落在过去的数百年中默默无闻,村民过着宁静的山村农耕生活,时至今日却随着旅游开发渐为外人所知。其古老的村落风…     

楠溪江历史古村落保护与建设的探讨

本文在研究楠溪江历史古村落特征,在美丽乡村建设中分析其现状存在问题的基础上,以科学发展观为指导,明确保护楠溪江古村落的意义,提出楠溪江古村落保护利用方向和具体建设措施,保护好珍贵文化遗产,传承优秀历史文脉,在现代与传统有机、和谐融合中实现可持续发展。     

楠溪江屿北古村特色分析及相关思考

屿北是楠溪汪上游历史风貌保存最为完整的古村落,该文主要对其村落特色进行分析总结,并在此基础上对楠溪江古村落研究进行相关思考。     

中国信统村落的生态经验解析——以楠溪江中游古村落为例

通过对浙江温州永嘉县楠溪江中游的古村落民居生态适应性的研究,重新总结了传统村落在处理人和自然关系方面的生态理念和技术经验,阐述了中国传统民居对当代生态建筑设计的指导意义,并提出仿效传统民居的当代生态建筑设计方法。     

乡土建筑的生与死——镇江东乡民居存亡录(以葛村为例)

本论文研究对象是江苏省镇江市东乡地区保存较好的古村落,通过实地调研测绘以及相关文献查阅等方法,从自然环境、人文历史、村落选址、聚落空间特点及村落历史建筑等方面深入的分析,以葛村的保护为案例,展现东乡地区古村落独特的历史、村落形态和乡土文化,分析古村落在保护与发展中面临的问题,对其可持续发展的道路进行了探索,以期延续东乡地区古村落的生命力。     

基于历史文化环境研究建立京西古村落体系

村落是农耕文化的载体,是自然景观向人造景观过渡的自然人居景观。城市扩张使农村开放空间几近丧失,对于古村落集中的区域,需要使用区域整体保护方法来施以保护。对历史文化环境进行宏观研究是整体保护的前提。古村落历史文化环境宏观研究是指在古村落密集的地区对相关地域文化背景和历史脉络进行整体研究,在大的历史文化视野中建立古村落体系,以一定线索分析不同村落间的文化逻辑关系,认识具体村落形成和发展的相关因素以及各村落在该古村落体系中的位置。     

楠溪江古村落探微

主要对楠溪江古村落的规划布局、自然景观、人文景观和古村落建筑的结构、造型、装饰、材料及建造习俗等进行了记实性的探讨,意在唤醒人们对古老的村落文化、建筑文化进行重新审视,给当今的城市规划、建筑设计带来真正的借鉴。     

传统村落的人居环境——张谷英和黄泥湾古村落的调查报告

村落是自然与人工综合创作的艺术品．其人居环境观体现了中国古代“天人合一”的哲学思想,该文通过对张谷英和黄泥湾两个古村落在选址、空间布局、装饰艺术以及家族文化等人居环境的分析,指出其村落的人居环境特色及其与中国传统建筑文化的洲源关系,揭示出两个古村落与我国传统建筑在人居环境文化上的有机统一。     

海口羊山古村落的生态适应性

羊山地区是远古时多次火山爆发形成的山地,地表遍布火山岩石,形成了独特的地质景观;同时,也以独特的火山村落而闻名。羊山地区至今仍保存有许多尚完整且极具特色的古村落,其中最老的已有三四百年历史。这些古村落和民居建筑在适应地理环境、适应当地风土人情、满足生存需要等诸多方面显示出令人赞叹的技巧和智慧,实现了人与自然的和谐共生。其因地制宜、就地取材和注重环保的营造理念,在如今的生态建筑设计中仍值得借鉴。该文通过研究羊山古村落的选址布局方式、空间营造特点和建筑特色,分析了其在适应自然环境和社会环境两方面的生态理念和技术经验,简要总结了传统村落民居对现代生态建筑设计的指导意义,并提出了它们在新时代发展中所面临的问题。     

贫困分散还是再集中:收储公租房的效应研究——基于江苏常州的实证

从租赁市场筹集公租房,以社会存量房源代替政府新建房源是供给侧改革目标下我国城市住房保障方式的重大转型。通过对常州市收储公租房的实证考察,发现在城市尺度上,该做法促进了保障对象的整体分散,有助于避免统一外迁安置造成贫困人口的边缘化和过度集中。但在社区尺度上,该做法却加速了保障对象的局部再集聚,可能致使贫困人口的空间固化以及部分老旧社区的持续退化。政府基于经济效率筹集替代性公租房难以有效解决户籍贫困人口的住房困难,优化房源选择、加强社区建设和更新老旧社区将是完善该住房保障方式的必要补充。     

Community attachment among residents living in public and commodity housing in China

Abstract

Since China’s housing reform, increasing attention has been paid to public housing. While the quantity of public housing units is increasing, residents’ attachment to the community remains underexplored. This study evaluates the social dimension of public housing from the perspective of community attachment in Guangzhou, China. We use a mixed methods approach to examine what factors influence community attachment in both public and commodity housing communities. We first analyse quantitative data (N?=?344) collected from four public housing and commodity housing communities in Guangzhou using confirmatory factor analysis, hierarchical regression, and moderation analysis. Results show that housing type has no significant effect on community attachment. Housing type moderates the relationship between community ties, perceived public services, and community attachment, whereas community ties and perceived public services are positively associated with community attachment only for commodity housing residents. Qualitative data from 21 semi-structured interviews are then used to explain the quantitative results. Our findings support the rationality of the public housing strategy in China from the perspective of community attachment. We also argue that community attachment must be analysed in a contextualized approach.     

Balancing act: the effects of race and poverty on LIHTC development in Boston

Abstract

The debate about where to build affordable housing remains unresolved. Fair housing advocates encourage placement in low poverty neighborhoods while community development proponents support the opposite approach. Prior work notes the Low-Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) program is disproportionately found in Black and poor areas but the results are based on 20-year old data and ignore effects within LIHTC neighborhoods. This paper uses recent data and multivariate analysis to explore the impact of neighborhood racial composition and poverty rate on LIHTC development in the Boston metropolitan region. We find race is associated with the presence of LIHTC development while poverty is associated with the amount of LIHTC housing built, which reveals important differences between project siting and size. LIHTC units are not more heavily concentrated in Black or poor neighborhoods, conditional on LIHTC development. The findings suggest how the LIHTC program can be used to balance competing fair housing and community development priorities in developing affordable housing.     

京津冀地区商业养老地产开发适宜性评价

为实现向老年人提供优质养老住房服务的目标,以京津冀地区为研究对象进行商业养老地产开发适宜性评价。通过指标初选与 R 型聚类分析,从生态环境、经济环境、社会环境 3 个方面建立商业养老地产开发适宜性评价指标体系。进一步利用社会网络分析方法中的中心值概念,对各城市的养老适宜性进行排序,得到京津冀地区 13 个城市的养老地产开发适宜性排名。最终选取 4 个优先开发城市（中心值>0）,包括天津、唐山、石家庄、廊坊;5 个潜力城市（中心值<0）,包括保定、沧州、秦皇岛、张家口、承德。研究结果可以为未来的地产开发提供指导,同时也为京津冀地区各城市提升自身养老产业建设提供参考。     

基于日常生活的商住混合住宅类型研究——以武汉汉正街宝庆社区为例

在许多老街区中,人们长期生活的历史积淀造就了独特而成熟的住宅类型。这些类型基于当地居民日常生活行为,反映出他们生活方式的内在诉求,其自建、更新的微观空间促成了历史街区特定的旧城表象。该文以武汉市汉正街宝庆社区为例,研究具有商住混合功能的住宅类型,并将其与纯居住功能住宅进行对比,探求混合类型背后居住模式以及与居民生活行为之间的关系,揭示住宅空间演变的微观行为作用机制。     

武汉里分住宅社区居住环境品质评价之初探

在国内外城市更新的发展趋势下,对于具有历史文化价值的社区居住环境品质评价之检视尤为重要,文章系延续过去里分之系列研究之一,特针对里分住宅居民对于里分住宅内部环境、邻里性设施及环境、社区邻里关系及社区周边环境等四大部份进行评价,作为里分住宅未来社区居住环境品质改善之参考依据.     

天津市居住区公共服务设施配置浅议

通过对天津市居住区公共服务设施配置现状调研,提出现存的五项问题即分布比较零散,与行政建制存在一定脱节,社区服务、医疗卫生、文化体育、社区养老四项有待完善,旧区配套面积不足、功能缺失,保障性住房的特殊性。通过分析原因,借鉴经验,提出了集中设置配套,调整下沉部分项目,旧区补建原则和调整保障性住房公共服务设施配置等建议,以完善居住区公共服务设施。     

Danish low‐rise housing co‐operatives (bofsellesskaber) as an example of a local community organization

This article gives a brief survey of the recent discussion among research workers in Scandinavia on the role of local communities today and in the future. Three different kinds of local community development are defined as the transferring of tasks to local community organizations from respectively the market economy, the public sector and the family. The Danish low‐rise housing co‐operative—called “bofællesskaber"—can be seen as a kind of a small local community organization in a housing area. These co‐operatives differ from other kinds of housing collectives by their size and by being based on co‐operation between nuclear families. The experience of bofællesskaber in connection with the discussion on local community development is that for different reasons they are difficult to establish, but after the establishment phase function well. How well they function, though, depends upon to what extent they succeed in establishing common tasks and activities that serve the fundamental material and social needs of the occupants in the housing areas.     

Social Cohesiveness of Disadvantaged Communities in Urban South Korea: The Impact of the Physical Environment

This paper examines the impact of the physical environment and residents' perception and use of the environment settings on the social cohesiveness of disadvantaged communities in South Korea. Multiple regression and qualitative analysis were applied based on the data collected in four public rental housing estates in Seoul accommodating the lowest income households. This paper argues that social cohesiveness could be operationalised in shared norms and trust, attachment to housing estate and social networking. It was found that the characteristics of social cohesiveness were different across the same type of public rental housing estates, and that this variance was partly due to the different conditions of the physical environment. It was also found that a more positive perception of the physical environment and the more frequent use of facilities generally enhanced community cohesiveness. Desirable land use mix and housing types around the housing estates, preferable community facilities, housing block design and more effective refurbishment programmes within the estates were recommended.