微孔薄膜复合过滤介质及其过滤行为

针对常规机织过滤介质的缺点，本文研究并开发了一种新型微孔薄膜复合过滤介质，并考查了该过滤介质的力学性能及过滤特性。研究结果表明，这种过滤介质具有良好的力学稳定性和化学惰性，固体颗粒截留率高而堵塞程度低，使用寿命长，滤液浊度低，完全可用于气压过滤中     

纤维过滤材料过滤气体机理及其应用

纤维过滤材料在目前的气体过滤材料中是应用较为广泛的一种材料，纤维过滤的过滤机理比较复杂。本文阐述了纤维过滤材料的多种过滤机理，以及纤维过滤材料的几种应用．     

BSF型高效组合式在线胺液过滤装置

启东混合器厂有限公司生产的全自动在线胺液过滤净化装置主要应用于脱硫胺液系统的在线过滤净化。采用三级组合式高效过滤净化工艺，需过滤的胺液先经过一级金属滤网式过滤。然后进入二级深层滤床进行过滤，最后进入三级大容量超精细滤袋过滤。经过三级组合式高效过滤，从根本上改善了胺液的污染，达到过滤净化的效果。该产品被列入国家级火炬计划，     

深层过滤理论基础研究

重点对深层过滤的数学模型进行了研究， 并根据炉渣滤料的过滤试验数据， 进行了数学模型的数值计算。结果表明， 文中所采用的数学模型可以用来描述深层过滤过程， 得到的数值解可用于预估过滤器的过滤性能     

微孔薄复合过滤介质及其过滤行为

针对常规机织过滤介质的缺点，本文研究并开发了一种新型微孔薄膜复合过滤介质，并考查了该过滤介质力学性能及过滤特性。研究结果表明，这种过滤介质具有良好的力学稳定性和化学和惰性，因体颗粒截留率是堵塞程度低，使用寿命长，滤液浊度低，完全可用于气压过滤中。     

过滤基本理论和主要设备概述

本文简述了过滤基本理论，描述了恒压过滤速率方程式和它的应用。对过滤设备的分类和主要的真空过滤与加压过滤设备的基本结构，工作原理和应用进行了简单的叙述。     

高效过滤技术研究与新进展

本文系统介绍了国内外在提高过滤分离速率、过滤分离精度及过滤设备运行效率等方面的研究与新进展，并作了简要综合评述，最后对新型高效过滤技术的研究进行了展望。     

带旋转叶片的砂滤器Moya, Emmanuel G.（USA） US

本发明是一种以介质为基础的流体过滤系统，可延长反洗间隔时间，由于采用了许多旋转叶片，使过滤介质的靠上部分得以连续搅拌，形成浮动床。将要被过滤的液体从圆筒形过滤室顶部引入，其中含有一层或多层过滤介质如砂、石等，液体与叶片接触，叶片旋转使介质顶层受到搅拌，可防止滤出的颗粒集聚或使过滤介质顶层结饼。     

硅藻土超滤机

天津太平洋机电技术及设备有限公司和日本三浦化学装置株式会社合作生产的硅藻土超滤机，采用硅藻土预涂在不同形状的滤元表面，加压过滤分离液体中的悬浮固体的新技术，实现了传统过滤手段不能达到的过滤精度和经济效益，同时体现了新的过滤概念。     

微孔过滤介质的进展

近２０年来用于固液分离的普通过滤介质除用化纤织物几乎取代了天然织物过滤介质外，微孔过滤介质有了突破性进展，相继出现了亲水微孔陶瓷；微孔复合薄膜，以及单丝纤维过滤介质等，本文综合介绍它们的特性及其出现的背景和重要意义。     

Approach from physicochemical aspects in membrane filtration

In membrane filtration, solution environment factors such as pH and solvent density are important in controlling the filtration rate and the rejection of the particles and/or the macromolecules. The filtration rate and the rejection in membrane filtration have been investigated from physicochemical aspects. It was shown that the properties of the filter cake formed on the membrane surface play a vital role in determining the filtration rate in mem-brane filtration. It was clearly demonstrated that such filtration behaviors as the filtration rate and the rejection are highly dependent on the electrical nature of the particles and/or the macromolecules. Furthermore, it was shown that the solvent density ρ has a large effect on the steady filtration rate in upward ultrafiltration.     

Cross‐Flow Microfiltration of Fine Particles Suspended in Polymeric Aqueous Solution

Abstract

The filtration characteristics of cross‐flow microfiltration of fine particles suspended in polymeric aqueous solution are studied. Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) submicron particles are suspended in polyacrylamide (PAA) aqueous solution to prepare the suspensions used in experiments. Effects of operating conditions, such as cross‐flow velocity, filtration pressure, and PAA concentration, on the filtration flux and the cake properties are discussed. The results show that an increase in cross‐flow velocity or filtration pressure causes the filtration flux to be higher, but the filtration flux decreases with an increase in PAA concentration. Since the flow behavior indices of three prepared suspensions are almost the same, the average specific filtration resistance of cakes under various cross‐flow velocities and PAA concentrations remain almost constant; and then the cake mass plays a major role in determining the filtration resistance and the filtration flux. A force balance model is derived for particle deposition on the membrane surface. Once the empirical coefficients are obtained from experimental data, the filtration flux at pseudo‐steady state can be predicted accurately.     

动态膜滤技术的研究动向

本文简要介绍了近十年来过滤理论及技术的主要进展;扼要回顾了国内开展动态膜滤技术研究的历程以及国外动向,并就动态薄层过滤技术的特点进而应用于膜过滤作了重点阐述;对动态膜滤技术的应用场合和经验也都作了介绍。     

Modeling of Particle Fouling and Membrane Blocking in Submerged Membrane Filtration

Abstract

The models of particle fouling and membrane blocking in a submerged membrane filtration are developed in this study. The effects of operating conditions, such as aeration intensity (air flow rate) and filtration pressure, on the filtration flux, membrane blocking, and cake formation are discussed thoroughly. The experimental results show that the filtration resistances due to cake formation and membrane blocking play significant roles in determining the overall filtration resistance, but the latter one is more dominant. An increase in aeration intensity leads the filtration flux to increase due to the reduction of cake formation on the membrane surface. However, a higher filtration pressure causes more severe membrane internal blocking and then to lower filtration flux. The cake properties and the filtration resistance due to membrane blocking are analyzed and can be regressed to empirical functions of filtration pressure. A force balance model for particle deposition on the membrane surface is also derived. In order to estimate the shear stress acting on the membrane surface, the diameter, shape, and rising velocity of air bubbles are analyzed based on hydrodynamics. Once the model coefficients are obtained, the pseudo‐steady filtration flux under various conditions can be estimated by the proposed model and the basic filtration equation. The calculated results agree fairly well with the available experimental data.     

国外过滤技术的最新发展与应用

本文综述了国外过滤技术的最新发展，重点介绍了动态过渡技术、膜分离技术及综合过滤技术的发展及其工业应用。     

The filtration characteristics of yeast

The filtration characteristics of yeast cells are reported and the use of the information in process calculations of filtration rates is demonstrated. Comparison is made between filtration properties obtained by vacuum filtration studies and permeability measurements. The kinetics of cell growth are followed by size distribution records.     

不同过滤方式下过滤速率衰减模型研究

对真空死端过滤、气压死端过滤、轴向流十字流过滤、旋转流十字流过滤等不同过滤方式下的过滤速率衰减行为进行了系统的研究,建立了相应的过滤速率衰减模型、以及相应模型系数与悬池液浓度、操作压力、雷诺数和欧拉数等影响因素的关系式。结果表明,死端过滤速率衰减模型中过滤速率与时间呈幂函数关系、而十字流过滤速率衰减模型中过滤速率与时间则呈一次函数关系,死端过滤时悬浮液浓度和气压过滤压力对其过滤速率衰减模型系数的影响均呈三次函数关系,在十字流过滤时悬浮液浓度、操作压力以及雷诺数对模型系数ｂ的影响均呈线性关系,轴向流十字流过滤速率衰减模型系数ｂ与欧拉数呈反比,而旋转流十字流过滤时则模型系数ａ与欧拉数呈反比关系。十字流过滤中,旋转流方式同轴向流方式相比,过滤速率衰减趋势较陡,但其初始通量高,在较长时间内都能以高于轴向流过滤通量的状态运行。     

过滤方式及压力对速率影响的研究

介绍了相关过滤方式的优缺点,自主建立了过滤实验流程,设计出相应的膜滤器,通过实验,研究了横向终端过滤、竖向终端过滤、横向错流过滤和竖向错流过滤及过滤压力对过滤速率的影响等。结果表明:采用竖向流动错流过滤方式膜过滤速率大于其它方式的过滤速率,衰减最为缓慢,且一段时间后,速率趋于一定值;压力增大可以提高竖向流动错流过滤速率,但也加快了膜污染,使膜速率衰减加快。     

Scale-up of Microfiltration Processes

A flow rate and resistance-based approach for upscaling of microfiltration processes from lab scale to process scale is presented, in correlation with biopharmaceutical processes. Basic element is the modeling of filtration curves using a resistance-in-series model based on the Darcy equation. The influences of the filtration setup and the fouling layer are described as additional resistances that change in course of filtration. The necessary parameters, such as setup resistances and filtration areas, are determined by water flow rate measurements. The model is validated by filtration of a particulate test solution. The presented approach can be used for constant flow and constant pressure driven filtration processes.     

硅藻土-木桨纤维为助滤剂强化过滤过程的研究(英文)

In this paper, a study to enhance the filtration for solid/liquid materials difficult to be filtered, such as highly viscous, highly compactible or gel like materials, is presented. Filter aids diatomaceous earth and wood pulp cellulose are used to enhance the filtration by improving filter cake structure and properties in the filtration of a biological health product and a highly viscous chemical fiber polymer melt product. The property of solid/liquid systems, filtration at different flow rates, specific cake resistance, cake wetness, filtration rate, filtrate turbidity for filter aid selection and evaluation, and operation optimization are investigated. The results are successfully applied to industrial process, and can be used as a reference for similar filtration applications.