柔性空间机械臂捕获卫星过程的鲁棒镇定与自适应抑振复合控制

分析漂浮基柔性空间机械臂捕获运动卫星过程的碰撞动力学,及受碰撞冲击后的不稳定空间机械臂系统的控制.首先,利用假设模态法近似描述柔性杆的弹性变形,并结合第二类拉格朗日方程建立柔性空间机械臂多体系统动力学模型.而后,基于动量守恒原理,利用动量冲量法分析空间机械臂捕获卫星的碰撞动力学.针对受碰撞冲击后不稳定运动空间机械臂,设计鲁棒镇定与自适应抑振复合控制以维持空间机械臂与被捕获卫星组合体系统稳定.最后,数值仿真揭示了碰撞冲击影响效应,并验证了上述控制算法的有效性.     

水下柔性臂动力学建模方法研究

将柔性臂应用到水下环境,探索一种新型的水下作业工具。在空间柔性臂动力学建模方法的基础上,考虑水动力做功以及水动力对柔性臂变形的影响,首先基于Hamilton原理建立中心刚体-水下柔性臂组成的刚柔耦合系统的动力学模型,然后采用假设模态法对动力学模型进行离散化,导出了考虑刚柔耦合作用的水下柔性臂有限维离散化动力学方程。最后给出仿真算例,验证了动力学模型对于研究水下柔性臂末端变形的有效性,能够准确反映水下柔性臂动力学特性,可用于水下柔性臂的主动控制研究。     

柔性关节柔性连杆机械臂的动力学建模

柔性关节柔性连杆机械臂是典型的非线性、强耦合、欠驱动系统,其控制难度高.对于这类系统,选择合适的动力学模型进行控制器设计对于提高控制性能是非常有帮助的.为此,研究了具有柔性关节柔性连杆机械臂的动力学建模问题,并提出了一种改进的建模方法.在该方法中,连接柔性连杆的柔性关节首先被简化为刚性关节和柔性连杆的弹性约束边界.然后,根据结构动力学理论、哈密顿原理和假设模态法建立系统的刚柔耦合动力学方程.相较于将柔性关节简化为刚性关节和扭簧的传统处理方式,所采用的简化方式一方面可以降低系统的自由度,另一方面可以得到更适合控制器设计的动力学模型.最后,通过数值仿真验证了本文方法的有效性和优势.     

作大范围运动FGM矩形薄板的动力学特性研究

对作大范围运动功能梯度材料矩形薄板的刚柔耦合动力学问题进行了研究.以连续介质力学为基础,在柔性薄板面内变形中考虑了传统建模方法忽略的二次耦合变形量,采用假设模态法对薄板变形位移进行离散,运用拉格朗日方程推导了大范围运动功能梯度材料板的刚柔耦合动力学方程.对旋转运动下取不同功能梯度指数的悬臂功能梯度板的动力学行为进行仿真,比较了本文建立的一次近似耦合模型和传统不计耦合变形项的零次近似模型.结果表明,随着转速的提高,传统零次模型发散,而本文模型收敛,能够较好地描述系统动力学行为.利用本文建立的一次近似模型,研究了功能梯度指数对转动功能梯度板变形的影响,研究表明,随着功能梯度指数的增大,板的横向变形也增大.通过求解旋转FGM板在恒定转速下的固有频率,进一步分析了功能梯度板材料组分变化对板振动特性的影响.     

细长柔性空间结构几种动力学模型的比较

对于自由-自由边界的大型柔性梁式空间结构在轨搬运过程中,其大范围刚体运动和柔性振动会相互耦合,是一类典型的刚柔耦合动力学问题.建立相对准确的动力学模型是设计良好控制系统的前提,但现有文献在研究该问题时却采用了忽略刚柔耦合作用的动力学模型并依此设计控制器,因此有必要建立耦合模型,并探讨其与非耦合模型之间的区别和适用性.首先针对结构自身运动特点选择以瞬时质心为原点的浮动坐标系作为辅助坐标系,将结构两类不同的运动形式进行分解,并利用其产生的附加约束条件简化虚功表达式;其次选择Euler-Bernoulli梁变形形式描述结构变形并采用假设模态法对变形进行变量分离;基于虚功原理推导得到结构大范围运动的刚柔耦合动力学模型;通过仿真算例1对非耦合模型、零次近似模型和一次近似模型进行了对比,验证了非耦合模型的不合理性及零次近似简化模型的准确性和有效性;通过仿真算例2对零次近似简化模型和一次近似模型的对比,说明了二者的使用范围;仿真对比为后续的运动控制系统设计和振动抑制研究提供了依据.     

柔性机械臂动力学建模研究进展

刚性机械臂由于其较高的工作精度和重复性、较强的承载能力,已广泛应用于危险或相对单一、重复性高工作场景.但刚性机械臂的结构及运作方式不够灵活,无法适用于不定型、非标准、狭窄空间等生产场景.最近几年,柔性机械臂因其结构柔性、作业空间大、人机交互安全等优点而受到广泛关注,有希望应用于医疗、服务和智能制造等领域.但柔性机械臂结构柔软,运动比较自由,在作业过程中柔性效应不可忽略,这对其高精度控制提出了重大挑战.柔性机械臂控制的核心科学问题之一是建立包含结构柔性特征和动态特性的高精度动力学模型.为此,本文对柔性机械臂运动学建模和动力学建模研究进行了综述.作为动力学建模的基础,本文首先综述了柔性机械臂的运动学建模方法,主要介绍了曲率法、伪刚体运动学(PRB)方法、基于Cosserat杆的运动学建模方法、结构几何分析方法、Denavit Hartenberg(D H)法及坐标法、数据驱动和机器学习方法等.随后,本文详细综述了柔性机械臂的动力学建模方法,主要包括集中参数系统法、假设模态法、有限元法.最后,本文简述了目前柔性机械臂动力学研究的主要内容,并对未来研究做出展望.     

计及环境特征的刚-柔机械臂动力学建模方法与理论研究

基于Kane方程推导建立了在惯性参考坐标系中的刚—柔机械臂的非线性动力学模型 ,并利用假设模态的方法对方程进行离散 .在对刚—柔机械臂进行主动柔顺控制时 ,柔性机械臂要受到未确知外部环境的约束 .本文建立了计及环境特征的一般柔性多体系统动力学模型以及计及环境特征的刚—柔机械臂动力学模型 .     

基于Lagrange法的刚体与柔体动力学对比研究

对于机器人、航天器和车辆悬架部件等一些多体系统来说,其中一些部件的大尺寸、轻型化趋势使得传统的刚性体建模已经难以准确地模拟实际的工况,将部件所具有的柔性特性加入到多体系统模型中进行柔体动力学仿真,由于考虑了部件弹性变形与大范围刚性运动之间的耦合,故可以得到部件更为真实的动力学行为.文中通过与基于Lagrange法的刚体动力学基本方程进行对比研究,详细说明了柔体动力学方程中上述的耦合作用.以某大型雷达可展开天线为例,分别在刚体和柔体的假设下对其展开运动进行动力学仿真,结果表明采用柔性体仿真更能真实反映其动力学特性.     

柔性梁线接触碰撞的动力学建模和实验研究

研究作旋转运动的柔性梁的线接触正碰撞问题.基于Goldsmith的线接触撞击力模型,分别用基于小变形的混合坐标法和基于大变形的绝对坐标法建立了柔性梁的动力学方程,考虑了几何非线性效应.在此基础上,进一步考虑非线性阻尼项的影响,将Hunt,Crossley的阻尼模型推广到线接触问题.介绍了柔性梁线接触碰撞的实验方法.计算结果显示,在考虑阻尼的情况下,计算结果与实验结果吻合很好.比较了混合坐标法和绝对坐标法的撞击力计算结果,与实验结果对比表明,绝对坐标法更适用于大变形的撞击问题.     

基于头部碰撞等效模型的柔性关节机械臂安全构型优化

为了提高柔性关节机械臂的头部碰撞安全性,提出基于机械臂安全指数和梯度投影法的柔性关节机械臂构型优化方法,并给出安全碰撞方向和安全构型的确定方法.首先建立柔性关节机械臂的头部碰撞等效模型,模型充分考虑了机械臂关节柔性的影响.然后分别给出固定构型下安全碰撞方向的确定方法和固定碰撞方向下安全构型的确定方法.基于机械臂安全指数,采用梯度投影算法实现了冗余柔性关节机械臂连续路径的构型优化.最后,建立闭环仿真系统,分别通过平面3自由度机械臂和空间7自由度机械臂验证了采用梯度投影法降低机械臂安全指数的有效性.2种仿真结果显示,优化后的机械臂安全指数分别降低了83.86%和26.42%.     

Rigid-flexible coupling dynamics of three-dimensional hub-beams system

In the previous research of the coupling dynamics of a hub-beam system, coupling between the rotational motion of hub and the torsion deformation of beam is not taken into account since the system undergoes planar motion. Due to the small longitudinal deformation, coupling between the rotational motion of hub and the longitudinal deformation of beam is also neglected. In this paper, rigid-flexible coupling dynamics is extended to a hub-beams system with three-dimensional large overall motion. Not only coupling between the large overall motion and the bending deformation, but also coupling between the large overall motion and the torsional deformation are taken into account. In case of temperature increase, the longitudinal deformation caused by the thermal expansion is significant, such that coupling between the large overall motion and the longitudinal deformation is also investigated. Combining the characteristics of the hybrid coordinate formulation and the absolute nodal coordinate formulation, the system generalized coordinates include the relative nodal displacement and the slope of each beam element with respect to the body-fixed frame of the hub, and the variables related to the spatial large overall motion of the hub and beams. Based on precise strain-displacement relation, the geometric stiffening effect is taken into account, and the rigid-flexible coupling dynamic equations are derived using velocity variational principle. Finite element method is employed for discretization. Simulation of a hub-beams system is used to show the coupling effect between the large overall motion and the torsional deformation as well as the longitudinal deformation. Furthermore, conservation of energy in case of free motion is shown to verify the formulation.     

航天器柔性附件对其驱动机构的干扰研究

带柔性附件的航天器在进行轨道机动或姿态调整等大范围运动时,柔性附件的弹性振动与航天器大范围运动的刚柔耦合作用将会对驱动机构产生一定的干扰.首先利用单向递推组集建模方法建立了带柔性附件的航天器的动力学模型,然后研究了航天器不同工况变轨时由于柔性附件的弹性振动与航天器大范围运动的刚柔耦合作用对驱动机构所产生的干扰,最后结合变轨条件和柔性附件的固有特性,具体地分析了干扰的作用机理.     

基于一阶剪切板理论的FGM板刚柔耦合动力学建模与仿真

对作大范围运动功能梯度材料(functionally graded materials,FGM)厚板的刚柔耦合动力学问题进行了研究,基于一阶剪切变形理论,从连续介质理论出发,计及了变形位移场中的二次耦合变形量,利用Lagrange方法推导了FGM厚板的刚柔耦合动力学方程,该方程适用于普通均质板和FGM板的动力学分析.采用20自由度矩形单元对变形场进行离散,对不同转速下的悬臂板进行动力学仿真,比较了本文建立的基于一阶剪切理论的模型和基于经典薄板理论的模型,验证了本文模型的正确性以及经典薄板理论的一些不足.研究了不同功能梯度指数下,FGM厚板的横向变形、速度响应频率和固有频率.结果表明,随着转速增大,剪切项对结构动力学行为影响变大;考虑横向剪切项的情况下,计算结果更偏柔性.     

On the Modeling of Friction and Rolling in Flexible Multi-Body Systems

This paper is concerned with the dynamic analysis of flexible, nonlinear multi-body systems undergoing contact involving friction and rolling. A continuous friction law is used to model the friction forces between contacting bodies. This avoids the numerical problems associated with the discontinuity inherent to Coulomb's friction law and eliminates the need for different sets of equations modeling sliding and rolling as distinct phenomena. On the other hand, continuous friction laws eliminate specific physical phenomena implied by Coulomb's friction law. The condition of vanishing relative velocity between two contacting bodies is not possible: sticking or rolling are replaced by creeping with a small relative velocity. Discrete events such as transition from slipping to rolling or rolling to slipping are eliminated, together with the high frequency phenomena they are likely to cause. The computational issues associated with the continuous friction law and with the enforcement of the non-holonomic rolling constraint are addressed in this paper. This work is developed within the framework of energy preserving and decaying time integration schemes that provide unconditional stability for nonlinear, flexible multi-body systems undergoing contact involving friction and rolling.     

Chain Vibration and Dynamic Stress in Three-Dimensional Multibody Tracked Vehicles

A three-dimensional computational finite element procedure for the vibration and dynamic stress analysis of the track link chains of off-road vehicles is presented in this paper. The numerical procedure developed in this investigation integrates classical constrained multibody dynamics methods with finite element capabilities. The nonlinear equations of motion of the three-dimensional tracked vehicle model in which the track link s are considered flexible bodies, are obtained using the floating frame of reference formulation. Three-dimensional contact force models are used to describe the interaction of the track chain links with the vehicle components and the ground. The dynamic equations of motion are first presented in terms of a coupled set of reference and elastic coordinates of the track links. Assuming that the structural flexibility of the track links does not have a significant effect on their overall rigid body motion as well as the vehicle dynamics, a partially linearized set of differential equations of motion of the track links is obtained. The equations associated with the rigid body motion are used to predict the generalized contact, inertia, and constraint forces associated with the deformation degrees of freedom of the track links. These forces are introduced to the track link flexibility equations which are used to calculate the deformations of the links resulting from the vehicle motion. A detailed three-dimensional finite element model of the track link is developed and utilized to predict the natural frequencies and mode shapes. The terms that represent the rigid body inertia, centrifugal and Coriolis forces in the equations of motion associated with the elastic coordinates of the track link are described in detail. A computational procedure for determining the generalized constraint forces associated with the elastic coordinates of the deformable chain links is presented. The finite element model is then used to determine the deformations of the track links resulting from the contact, inertia, and constraint forces. The results of the dynamic stress analysis of the track links are presented and the differences between these results and the results obtained by using the static stress analysis are demonstrated.     

基于Karnopp摩擦的柔性滑移铰的建模与仿真

对含Karnopp摩擦的柔性滑移铰系统进行动力学建模和仿真.将滑移铰中的滑块视为柔性体,滑道视为刚性接触面,考虑滑道与滑块之间的间隙.由于柔性滑块与滑道的接触状态和摩擦情况比较复杂,采用有限元方法建立了柔性滑块的力学模型,基于罚函数方法建立含Karnopp摩擦柔性滑移铰接触力模型,通过试算迭代法判断柔性滑块各节点的接触状态,基于KED方法和Newmark方法给出了含该滑移铰机械系统动力学方程的数值算法.最后,以含Karnopp摩擦的柔性滑移铰和驱动摆杆构成的机械系统为例进行动力学仿真,分析了其动力学特性,验证了本文给出的方法的有效性.     

Geometric nonlinear effects on the planar dynamics of a pivoted flexible beam encountering a point-surface impact

Flexible-body modeling with geometric nonlinearities remains a hot topic of research by applications in multibody system dynamics undergoing large overall motions. However, the geometric nonlinear effects on the impact dynamics of flexible multibody systems have attracted significantly less attention. In this paper, a point-surface impact problem between a rigid ball and a pivoted flexible beam is investigated. The Hertzian contact law is used to describe the impact process, and the dynamic equations are formulated in the floating frame of reference using the assumed mode method. The two important geometric nonlinear effects of the flexible beam are taken into account, i.e., the longitudinal foreshortening effect due to the transverse deformation, and the stress stiffness effect due to the axial force. The simulation results show that good consistency can be obtained with the nonlinear finite element program ABAQUS/Explicit if proper geometric nonlinearities are included in the floating frame formulation. Specifically, only the foreshortening effect should be considered in a pure transverse impact for efficiency, while the stress stiffness effect should be further considered in an oblique case with much more computational effort. It also implies that the geometric nonlinear effects should be considered properly in the impact dynamic analysis of more general flexible multibody systems.     

Analysis of Flexible Multibody Systems with Intermittent Contacts

This paper is concerned with the dynamic analysis of flexible,nonlinear multibody systems undergoing intermittent contacts. Contact isassumed to be of finite duration, and the forces acting between thecontacting bodies which can be either rigid or deformable are explicitlycomputed during simulation. The modeling of contact consists of threeparts: a number of holonomic constraints that define the candidatecontact points on the bodies, a unilateral contact condition which istransformed into a holonomic constraint by the addition of a slackvariable, and a contact model which describes the relationship betweenthe contact force and the local deformation of the contacting bodies.This work is developed within the framework of energy preserving anddecaying time integration schemes that provide unconditional stabilityfor nonlinear, flexible multibody systems undergoing intermittentcontacts.