含铜电镀废水的处理方法研究与展望

含铜电镀废水产生于电镀过程,作为废水中的主要污染物,铜离子不仅危害人体健康,还对环境造成无可预估的潜在危害。本文简单地综述了近几年含铜电镀废水的处理方法,并提出了含铜电镀废水处理的未来发展方向。     

电镀废水处理技术研究现状及展望

目前国内的电镀废水中主要有含氰废水、含重金属废水、酸性废水和碱性废水四大类,主要来源于电镀清洗过程和报废电镀液,它们具有毒性大、难治理等特点。针对各种电镀废水的性质,国内通常采用物理法、化学法、物理化学法和生物法进行处理,这些处理方法的原理和应用范围在文中进行了总结。电镀废水处理的发展趋势也进行了简要的讨论。     

浅析电镀废水除镍

镍是第一类污染物,对人和环境危害很大。含镍电镀废水处理方法很多,有中和沉淀法、硫化物沉淀法、铁氧体沉淀法、膜分离法、吸附法等。试验表明,使用单一方法处理大型电镀工业园区含镍电镀废水难以达到相关标准。将电镀废水分类,综合使用各种方法,物化法和生化法联合,可以将电镀废水中镍降到0.1 mg/L以下。     

电镀废水处理技术研究概述

随着经济发展和人民生活水平提高,电镀产品的需求与目俱增,与此同时产生大量含有害物质的电镀废水,会对生态环境及人类产牛严重伤害,因此,电镀废水的治理是一个热点问题。介绍了电镀废水处理的现有方法,阐述了电镀废水的不同处理工艺的特点等。     

基于ARM的含氰电镀废水自动化处理系统设计

以含氰电镀废水为应用对象,并针对现有电镀废水处理系统存在的问题,设计出一种自动化处理系统。该处理系统能够采集电镀废水的pH值和氰离子的质量浓度,并通过智能检测得到电镀废水的体积。控制药品自动、适量添加,与电镀废水发生反应,并实时监测电镀废水指标。待达标后排放,同时发送完成信号至其他控制系统进行后续操作,由此实现电镀废水处理全过程自动化控制。     

含镍电镀废水处理技术研究进展

综合国内外含镍电镀废水处理技术,介绍了分析化学法、离子交换法、蒸发浓缩法、吸附法、膜分离技术及生物膜法等处理含镍电镀废水的技术方法,并比较了其优缺点。     

浅谈化学法处理电镀废水的运行与设计

广西桂北某电镀工业区有多家小型电镀企业,年电镀生产规模为3 600 t.日排放含Cr6 、Cu2 、Ni2 抖等电镀废水约800 m3[1].该工业区2001年建设废水处理站,采用间歇流化学法对电镀废水集中处理.目前该工业区正在规划扩大生产规模,二期扩建项目预计日新增电镀废水1 000 m3.本文基于该废水站一期废水处理的运行实践,对于化学法处理电镀废水的工艺与运行提出了一些改进措施.     

电镀废水综合处理及回用技术研究

以某线路板厂电镀废水综合处理的工程设计为实例,通过分析工程概况与工艺要求,采用物理法、化学法、物化法、生物法等对含镍废水、有机废水、含氰废水和综合废水等不同的电镀废水进行分类综合处理,并运用反渗透RO膜系统作为主要的控制装置实现废水回用处理.工程实际运行表明废水处理后能达标排放和回用,系统合理、有效、可靠,对电镀企业的废水处理、循环利用和清洁生产具有重要参考意义.     

藻类在含重金属废水处理中的应用

较全面的介绍了藻类在处理含重金属离子废水技术的应用情况和发展前景,分析了藻类在处理含重金属离子废水的优点,指出藻类在处理重金属离子废水的技术前景及其在电镀废水处理方面的可行性,探讨了藻类处理电镀废水时可能出现的技术问题.     

3种典型絮凝剂处理电镀废水的效果

分别以聚丙烯酰胺、聚合氯化铝、聚合硫酸铁为絮凝剂处理电镀废水。先研究了pH和絮凝剂投加量对不含重金属离子的模拟废水COD去除效果的影响,并对废水处理工艺流程进行选择。随后比较了不同絮凝剂单独和组合使用处理含重金属离子模拟电镀废水的效果。最后研究了不同工艺流程对实际电镀废水处理效果的影响。结果表明,采用PAC和PAM组合絮凝剂处理废水时的效果最好。采用两步絮凝法处理COD较高的实际电镀废水能有效去除COD和重金属。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。