单晶硅纳米梁的分子动力学模拟

采用经典的分子动力学方法,分析了两端固支的纳米梁的力学行为特征.在初始应变下,梁的表面原子发生了重构,而初始应变能仅是重构能的1%,随着分子动力学迭代的开始,初始应变能逐渐转化为梁中原子的热运动动能和梁的谐振能量.从其能量的变化曲线得到,梁的谐振频率为2.32×1010Hz.与连续介质近似结果对比发现,该谐振频率对应的杨氏模量为101 GPa,小于体硅的131 GPa,说明在该尺度下杨氏模量小于体材料.另外,分子动力学结果显示,发热是纳米梁耗散机制的重要方式,即谐振能量转化为梁中原子的热运动动能.     

硅纳米杆拉伸的分子动力学模拟

采用Stillinger-Weber(SW)势函数描述硅纳米杆中硅原子间的相互作用,通过分子动力学方法对几种硅纳米杆进行轴向拉伸研究,发现硅纳米杆拉伸时表现出来的特性与宏观脆性材料基本一致:拉伸曲线没有明显的直线部分和屈服变形部分;进一步研究发现硅纳米杆的杨氏模量和强度极限随着尺寸增大而增大,尺寸效应随尺寸增大而逐渐减弱.     

中国微米纳米----石墨烯纳米带谐振频率的分子动力学模拟

石墨烯因其独特的结构和特性,具有广泛的应用前景.采用分子动力学的方法模拟石墨烯被硅探针压变形后弯曲振动的动力学过程,探讨了石墨烯纳米带的尺寸和温度对石墨烯纳米带谐振特性的影响.模拟结果表明,石墨烯纳米带的谐振频率随着石墨烯纳米带的长度、宽度、层数(厚度)以及温度变化.其中宽度、厚度和温度对石墨烯纳米带谐振频率的影响较小,影响石墨烯纳米带谐振频率的主要因素是长度.     

考虑双向振动耦合效应的声发射传感器的分析

由于声发射传感器属于低频超声传感器,其压电晶片工作频率决定了晶片的尺寸,使其不能简化为一维或二维弹性体来分析,考虑其径向和纵向振动不可忽视的耦合效应,借用表观弹性常数的定义,给出了短圆柱压电晶片包含直径和长度尺寸的频率方程。并根据频率方程制作了相应压电晶片,实验测试结果和理论预期相符。     

硅纳米梁振动基波频率的半连续体模型

基于Sun-Zhang提出的应变能量计算模型,根据动势能转换与守恒原理,提出了用于分析硅纳米梁基波频率的半连续体模型。与传统的连续体模型相比,该方法考虑了厚度方向进入纳米尺度所带来的物理特性的离散化现象。本文对理论推得的基频模型进行了验证,在极小尺寸时,使用分子动力学软件MaterialStudioTM验证,在较大尺寸时,用连续介质模型验证,从验证结果可以看出,在这两种尺寸下,各自都很吻合,说明该模型可以适用于从纳米尺寸到宏观尺寸的所有尺度范围。     

埋入混凝土中压电陶瓷圆片声指向性和能量研究

对埋入混凝土中的压电陶瓷圆片模态分析发现,在各阶振动模态下其声辐射面存在分布不同的振幅极大值区域.基于压电埋入式混凝土敏感模块的声指向性和能量实验表明:不同激励频率引起的压电陶瓷圆片不同的振动模态对声指向性和能量有影响;在声指向性理论中将声源振动面等效为振幅相等的单一点声源的叠加,使得在各阶频率下压电陶瓷圆片辐射声指向...     

点阵多孔金属夹芯板振动特性分析及优化设计

采用空间桁架结构分析的网架结构连续化方法对点阵多孔金属夹芯板的夹芯层桁架进行了连续化处理,即,将夹芯层桁架等效为连续介质,并分别推导了金字塔型、四面体型、kagome型和4杆型点阵多孔金属夹芯板的抗弯刚度和等效剪切刚度．然后,应用分解刚度法推导了四边简支条件下点阵多孔金属夹芯板的固有振动频率公式,并与有限元计算结果进行了对比,表明所得公式具有较高的精度．最后,研究了夹芯板单胞结构尺寸对固有振动频率的影响,以夹芯层高度和桁架杆截面尺寸为设计变量,以第一阶频率最大化为目标对夹芯板进行了优化,优化后的夹芯板振动频率得到了明显提高．     

微型之字形压电式能量收集器输出电压的建模和仿真

为了有效解决无线传感器网络节点的供电难题,提出之字形结构的微型压电式能量收集器。相比于传统的直悬臂梁,此结构等效加大了压电梁的长度,降低了系统的固有振动频率。建立了之字形压电梁的本构方程和受迫振动方程,推导得到其输出电压的频域表达式。基于之字形压电梁的结构,利用ANSYS软件对其进行了谐响应分析。仿真结果表明,压电梁的输出电压在各阶固有振动频率处存在极值,符合理论分析的结果;输出电压大小随压电梁长度增加而降低,随压电梁宽度增加而升高,但均为非线性关系;压电梁末端质量块的长度和厚度、基体层厚度减小时,会导致输出电压的增大。在论文中所提出的结构尺寸下,10根直梁构成的之字形结构压电梁,在其一阶固有振动频率处,输出电压可达10 V以上,符合无线传感器网络节点的实际供电需求,证明了之字形压电梁结构的有效性。     

移动车辆桥梁系统中的振动能量获取

本文对移动车辆作用下桥梁系统的振动能量俘获进行了研究.将车辆模型简化为车轮--弹簧--阻尼器--簧上车身质量体系,桥梁简化为对边简支对边自由板模型,压电俘能结构采用粘贴有压电晶体材料的悬臂梁并在其末端附加一质量块.对于这个耦合动力学模型,首先,通过板壳振动理论推导出了移动车辆作用下板的运动微分方程;其次,根据欧拉伯努利梁振动理论和基尔霍夫第一定律得到了以桥梁振动响应作为激励的悬臂梁动力学--压电耦合方程;最后,对耦合运动微分方程进行了求解并对其数值模拟结果进行了分析.结果表明:采用设计的压电俘能结构可以有效地收集桥梁系统的振动能量,而压电装置的位置、压电梁的厚度、集中质量、车辆速度对压电俘能效率都有一定影响.     

红外热像观测压电陶瓷振动模态的研究

应用红外热像全场观测的研究方法,用不同工作频率激励PZT-5矩形压电陶瓷片,对其谐振频率和振动模态进行研究,确定了红外热像法识别压电陶瓷振动模态的可行性.研究结果表明:用红外热像测定试样主要振动模态及其频率,共得到8个谐振频率,与传输线路法测试结果一致;用红外热像显示试样谐振时应力分布,结果与ANSYS模拟所得应力分布图基本吻合.结论认为,红外热像法是研究压电陶瓷振动模态行之有效的方法,对压电陶瓷传感器设计和应用具有参考价值.     

矩形压电陶瓷薄板的平面耦合振动模式

利用等效弹性法分析了压电矩形共振器的二维耦合振动,导出了振子共振频率的解析表达式。理论分析表明,细长条的长度伸缩振动模式可由所述理论直接导出。实测表明,振子共振频率的测量值与计算值完全符合。     

A CALPHAD-type Young's modulus database of Ti-rich Ti–Nb–Zr–Mo system

Accurate Young's modulus is the necessity for the design of biomedical Ti alloys. A combinatorial method of the diffusion couple, nanoindentation, electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), and CALculation of PHAse Diagrams (CALPHAD) techniques has been utilized to construct the Young's modulus database of Ti alloys with various compositions in the present work. Two groups of body-centered cubic (bcc) Ti–Nb–Zr–Mo quaternary diffusion couples annealed at 1273 K for 25 h were experimentally prepared. Subsequently, the composition-dependent mechanical properties in the wide compositional range of Ti-based alloys were obtained by using EPMA and nanoindentation probes. Finally, on the basis of the measured Young's moduli in the present and previous work and the modeling parameters of Young's modulus of Ti–Nb–Zr system, the Young's modulus database of bcc Ti–Nb–Zr–Mo system was established through the CALPHAD approach. The CALPHAD-type database of bcc Ti–Nb–Zr–Mo system can provide the accurate Young's moduli of Ti alloys with wide compositions.     

微型双稳态板压电俘能器的仿真研究

基于中间固定、四边自由的微型压电层合板模型,应用应变梯度理论考虑其尺寸效应,借助ABAQUS用户自定义子程序(UEL)模块自定义了一种三维八节点的微型压电单元.利用有限元法热-力-电耦合分析对微型双稳态板压电俘能器进行了仿真研究,发现其在不同的激振频率下存在不同的变形状态,非线性动态分析显示该结构在其一阶固有频率之前也能俘获较多电能,且存在多态转换交替出现的现象.针对该微型双稳态压电俘能器,给出了其最佳的工作频率和最大俘获电压.研究成果对微型压电俘能器的设计分析和性能检测具有重要的指导意义.     

直曲增强型负泊松比超材料的力学性能与减振研究

负泊松比超材料结构作为一种新型智能材料与结构,精确计算超材料结构在大应变下的非线性力学性能对其在工程中的潜在应用具有重要意义.本文在弧形内凹负泊松比结构中加入直杆,设计了一类直杆增强型直曲耦合内凹超材料结构;利用能量法推导出了曲边内凹蜂窝结构的横/纵向等效泊松比与等效弹性模量的解析表达式,讨论结构各参数对结构等效泊松比与等效弹性模量的影响.考虑几何非线性大变形,建立了曲边内凹负泊松比结构的有限元模型,并与线性模拟结果对比,验证了解析表达式的正确性.结果表明,等效泊松比与等效弹性模量均随变形增大而变化,且变形越大差异越明显,大变形下须考虑几何非线性;利用谐响应分析计算结构的加速度级和加速度振级落差,凸显所设计超材料结构的减振性能;分析结构整体减振性能,发现其随层数增加逐渐增大;不随频率变化,在低频范围内对激励产生的响应能够起到抑制作用.因此,合理的设计超材料微结构对结构的低频振动具有很好的抑制作用,对负泊松比超材料减振结构设计具有一定的参考意义.     

Geometric uncertainties in finite element analysis

This paper demonstrates the use of automatic differentiation in solving finite element problems with random geometry. In the area of biomechanics, the shape and size of the domain is often known only approximately. Stochastic finite element analysis can be used to compute the variability in the structural response as a result of variability in the shape of the structural domain. Automatic differentiation can be used to compute the shape sensitivites accurately and effortlessly. Unlike randomness in material properties, the response variability can be the same as or greater than the variability in the input. When both the Young's modulus and geometry are random, it is likely that randomness in geometry will dominate randomness in Young's modulus.     

Nonlinear dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric bending actuators under strong applied electric field

Dynamic characteristics of piezoelectric bending actuators under low and high electric fields are studied using the asymptotic theory of nonstationary vibrations. The proposed nonlinear model predicts the changes in fundamental resonant frequencies of the piezoelectric cantilever. The predicted resonance amplitude of the tip deflections of the piezoelectric actuators, which increases with the increase in the magnitude of the electric field, well agrees with the experimental results. Additionally, the decrease in the mechanical quality factor with the increase in the electric field, the tip deflection of piezoelectric actuators near resonance frequency,and the amplitude of the tip deflection at the fundamental vibration tone under an applied electric field varying with time have also been obtained using the present model.     

Systematic coarse-graining of spectrin-level red blood cell models

We present a rigorous procedure to derive coarse-grained red blood cell (RBC) models, which yield accurate mechanical response. Based on a semi-analytic theory the linear and nonlinear elastic properties of healthy and infected RBCs in malaria can be matched with those obtained in optical tweezers stretching experiments. The present analysis predicts correctly the membrane Young's modulus in contrast to about 50% error in predictions by previous models. In addition, we develop a stress-free model which avoids a number of pitfalls of existing RBC models, such as non-smooth or poorly controlled equilibrium shape and dependence of the mechanical properties on the initial triangulation quality. Here we employ dissipative particle dynamics for the implementation but the proposed model is general and suitable for use in many existing continuum and particle-based numerical methods.     

A compact planar distributed tactile display and effects of frequency on texture judgment

This paper describes the development of a planar distributed tactile display and the evaluation of the results of its effectiveness for displaying textures. The tactile display is composed of a 6 × 5 pin array actuated by 30 piezoelectric bimorphs. The distance between each pin's centers is 1.8 mm. Vertical excursion of each pin is controlled over a 0–0.7 mm range. Perceptual experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the system under three conditions: active touch, passive touch with vibration and passive touch without vibration. The experimental results showed that vibrational stimuli helped subjects discriminate tactile patterns. Measurements of the error rate during discrimination tasks were used to find an optimal vibration frequency for stimuli presented at a constant sensation level (32 SLdB above threshold). The experiment was repeated, this time holding the energy transferred mechanically to the fingertip tissue constant. At low frequencies, we found that the passive stimulation allowed subjects to discriminate just as well as active touch of static stimuli did. The results suggested new possibilities for displaying texture using passive touch, constant energy and spatially varied vibration frequency.     

An efficient size-dependent shear deformable shell model and molecular dynamics simulation for axial instability analysis of silicon nanoshells

Understanding the size-dependent behavior of structures at nanoscale is essential in order to have an effective design of nanosystems. In the current investigation, the surface elasticity theory is extended to study the nonlinear buckling and postbuckling response of axially loaded silicon cylindrical naoshells. Thereby, an efficient size-dependent shear deformable shell model is developed including the size effect of surface free energy. A boundary layer theory of shell buckling in conjunction with a perturbation-based solution methodology is employed to predict the size dependency in the buckling loads and postbuckling behavior of silicon nanoshells having various thicknesses. After that, on the basis of the Tersoff empirical potential, a molecular dynamics (MD) simulation is performed for a silicon cylindrical nanoshell with thickness of four times of silicon lattice constant, the critical buckling load and critical shortening of which are extracted and compared with those of the developed non-classical shell model. It is demonstrated that by taking the effects of surface free energy into account, a very good agreement is achieved between the results of the developed size-dependent continuum shell model and those of MD simulation.