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《食品与发酵工业》2012,38(8)
以木薯淀粉为原料,对酸解淀粉、乙酰化淀粉及酸解乙酰化淀粉的糊性质进行了研究,并用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪和傅里叶变换红外光谱仪对改性淀粉的形貌和结构进行了分析。结果表明:木薯淀粉经酸解改性改善了糊的透明度,膨胀度有所降低,糊化温度升高,峰值黏度显著降低,凝沉性有所改善;乙酰化改性增加了淀粉糊的透明度,膨胀度提高,降低了糊化温度,峰值黏度增加,糊的抗凝沉性增强但热糊稳定性差;酸解乙酰化复合改性显著提高了淀粉糊的透明度,降低淀粉的膨胀度及糊化温度,峰值黏度显著降低,抗凝沉性明显增强,冷、热糊稳定性提高。扫描电镜、X衍射数据及红外图谱表明,3种变性处理均没有改变木薯淀粉的晶型和基本结构,颗粒形貌也没有发生显著变化。 相似文献
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以槟榔芋原淀粉为原料,采用球磨结合辛烯基琥珀酸(OSA)酯化方法制得复合改性淀粉,对其理化性质进行研究,并与原淀粉、酯化淀粉和球磨淀粉进行比较。结果表明:球磨淀粉的溶解度、膨润力和透明度均显著提高(P0.05),尤其是冷水溶解度,但其抗凝沉性、冻融稳定性和表观黏度却降低;酯化淀粉和复合改性淀粉的溶解度、膨润力、透明度、抗凝沉性、冻融稳定性和表观黏度均明显提高,由此可见槟榔芋原淀粉和球磨淀粉经OSA酯化改性后品质均得到明显改善,复合改性淀粉的表观黏度增加尤为明显,说明其具有更好的增稠性能。 相似文献
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该研究以玉米淀粉为原料,首先利用酒精-碱法对其α-化,在此基础上,以辛烯基琥珀酸酐(octenyl succinic anhydride,OSA)为酯化剂,在干法条件下制备出颗粒冷水可溶亲脂性淀粉,所得产品取代度最高可达0.0192。通过分析试验制备的颗粒冷水可溶玉米淀粉和颗粒冷水可溶亲脂性玉米淀粉的透明度、冻融稳定性、凝沉性、黏度、流变学特性,并进一步探索这些特性与产品取代度之间的关系。结果表明:这两种淀粉的性质比原淀粉有显著的改善,后者又比前者具有良好的性质,随着取代度的增大,颗粒冷水可溶亲脂性玉米淀粉的透明度增强,冻融稳定性提高,凝沉性降低,表观黏度增加;流变学分析显示两种淀粉呈现出假塑性流体的性质,表观黏度随着剪切速率的增加而降低。 相似文献
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蕉藕淀粉与薯类淀粉特性对比研究 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:2
为探索蕉藕淀粉应用范围,选取木薯淀粉、马铃薯淀粉、红薯淀粉等薯类淀粉为对照,对蕉藕淀粉与常见薯类淀粉的组成、吸水(油)率、溶解度、膨胀度、透明度、凝沉性、凝胶强度、冻融稳定性及黏度等特性进行了对比分析。结果显示:蕉藕淀粉与常见薯类淀粉特性相比除吸水性差异不显著外,吸油率、溶解度、膨胀度、透明度、凝沉性、凝胶强度、冻融稳定性及黏度变化均存在显著差异,可利用蕉藕淀粉直链淀粉含量高、透明度好、凝胶强度高等特性,开发新型淀粉食品和增稠稳定剂。 相似文献
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酸预处理对蜡质玉米乙酰化淀粉性质的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以蜡质玉米淀粉为原料,采用先酸顸处理再进行乙酰化改性的方法制备酸解乙酰化复合改性淀粉,研究了酸预处理对淀粉黏度、透明度、膨胀度等理化性质的影响并用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪和X射线衍射仪对改性淀粉的结构进行分析。结果表明:酸预处理后,改性淀粉的黏度显著降低,起始糊化温度高于乙酰化淀粉但低于酸解淀粉,冷、热糊稳定性与糊的抗凝沉性增强;酸预处理降低了复合改性淀粉的膨胀度,提高了透明度,溶解度显著增加且随着酸浓度的增加而增加;低浓度酸处理对改性淀粉的冻融稳定性影响较小,高浓度降低改性淀粉的冻融稳定性:酸预处理对改性淀粉的结晶结构影响较小,没有破坏改性淀粉的基本结构。 相似文献
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Corn starch and starches separated from different potato cultivars were acetylated to evaluate the effect of plant source on the physicochemical, morphological, thermal, rheological, textural and retrogradation properties of the starches. Corn starch showed a lower degree of acetylation than potato starches under similar experimental conditions. The degree of acetylation for different potato starches also differed significantly. Morphological examination revealed that the granules of acetylated Kufri Chandermukhi and Kufri Sindhuri starches tended to appear as fused and less smooth than native starch granules. Acetylation of corn and potato starches decreased the transition temperatures and enthalpy of gelatinization and increased swelling power and light transmittance. However, the change in these was greater in the potato starches with higher percentage of small sized granules. Acetylated starches showed higher peak G', G'' and lower tan δ than their counterpart native starches during heating. Among the starches from different cultivars, the change in the rheological parameters after acetylation differed to a significant extent. The retrogradation was observed to be negligible in the acetylated cooked starch pastes. Results implied that the change in functional properties of starches with acetylation depends on source and granule morphology of native starch. 相似文献
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Influence of acetylation on physicochemical, functional and thermal properties of potato and cassava starches 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Starches were isolated from cassava (Manihot esculenta) and potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers. They were further modified by acetylation. The physicochemical, functional and thermal properties of native and modified starches, prepared using acetic anhydride at different times (10 and 20 min) were compared. Potato starch (Sipiera/20) showed higher acetyl percentage and degree of substitution values than cassava (2425/20) starch when acetylated for 20 min. Proximate analysis revealed that the acetylated starches retained more moisture than the native ones. Above 75 °C, acetylation improved the water binding capacity of the native cassava starch; the same trend was observed for potato starch from 60 to 90 °C after acetylation. The X-ray powder diffraction patterns derived from acetylated potato starches were similar to its native form, which was expected as B-type pattern; the same trend was observed for modified cassava starch. However the modified starches showed increased crystalline index. 相似文献
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ABSTRACT Potato and sweet potato starches and derivatives thereof were used to substitute part of the wheat flour in white salted noodle (WSN) manufacture. The quality of the WSN obtained was compared with the quality of WSN made from wheat flour only. When up to 20% of wheat flour was replaced by acetylated potato starch and acetylated sweet potato starches, the cooking loss of WSN decreased, while the softness, stretchability, and slipperiness increased significantly. Native and hydroxypropylated starches did not exhibit these effects. It can be concluded that the substitution of part of wheat flour with acetylated starches strongly affects noodle-making and final noodle quality, and starch substitution can be used to change the performance of a given wheat flour for noodle making in a desired way. 相似文献
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根据膨胀度、糊化度及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测得热力学参数,综合分析甘薯交联抗性淀粉和原淀粉热力学性质,并采用Jenkins提出In–vitro模型测定淀粉体外消化性。结果表明:在同一温度下,甘薯交联抗性淀粉膨胀度和糊化度均较原淀粉低,且交联剂用量越高,淀粉膨胀度和糊化度越小;DSC测试结果显示,甘薯交联抗性淀粉相转变温度To、Tp、Tc随交联剂用量增加而升高,Tc–To和△H均比原淀粉低。In–vitro消化模拟实验表明,甘薯交联抗性淀粉消化性比原淀粉低,并随交联剂含量增加,消化产物量减少,消化速度降低。 相似文献
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Alummoottil N. Jyothi Moothandaserry S. Sajeev Janardanan N. Sreekumar 《Starch - St?rke》2010,62(1):28-40
Cassava, sweet potato and arrowroot starches have been subjected to heat‐moisture treatment (HMT) under different conditions using a response surface design of the variables. A comparative study was performed on the pasting properties, swelling behaviour and the gelatinization properties of the modified starches and also on the rheological and textural properties of their pastes. X‐ray diffraction studies have shown that cassava starch exhibited a slight decrease in crystallinity, whereas sweet potato and arrowroot starches showed an increase in crystallinity after HMT at 120ºC for 14 h with 20% moisture. The swelling volume was reduced and the solubility was enhanced for all three starches after HMT, but both effects were more pronounced in the case of arrowroot starch. The decrease in paste clarity of the starch after HMT was higher in the case of cassava and sweet potato starches. Viscosity studies showed that the peak viscosity of all three starches decreased after HMT, but the paste stability increased as seen from the reduced breakdown ratio and setback viscosity. Studies on rheological properties have shown that storage and loss moduli were higher for the starches heat‐moisture treated at higher moisture and lower temperature levels than the corresponding native starches. Storage of the gel at ‐20ºC resulted in a significant increase in storage modulus for all the three starches. All the textural parameters of the gels were altered after the treatment which depended on the nature of the starch and also the treatment condition. 相似文献
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The effect of hydroxpropyl β-cyclodextrin (HPβ-CD) on physical properties and digestibility of wheat, potato, waxy maize and high-amylose maize starches before and after acetylation was studied. Effect of HPβ-CD on amylose–lipid complexes in native and acetylated potato starches synthesized using α-lysophosphatidylcholine was also studied. Acetylation increased swelling factor, amylose leaching, peak viscosity and susceptibility to α-amylase hydrolysis, but decreased gelatinization temperature and enthalpy and gel hardness in all starches. HPβ-CD markedly increased swelling factor and amylose leaching in native and acetylated wheat starches but had little or no impact on other starches. Wheat starch gelatinization enthalpy decreased in the presence of HPβ-CD but gelatinization temperature of all the starches was slightly increased. HPβ-CD had no influence on enzymatic hydrolysis. Melting enthalpy of amylose–lipid complex in both native and acetylated wheat starches was decreased by HPβ-CD. Acetylation also decreased the melting enthalpy of amylose–lipid complex in wheat starch. Similar trend of thermal transitions was observed in the presence of HPβ-CD for the amylose–lipid complexes synthesized in potato starch. Acetylation reduces the complex formation ability of the amylose polymer. Similar to gelatinization, acetylation widened the melting temperature range of amylose–lipid complexes while shifting it to a lower temperature. Higher swelling and amylose leaching, and decreased gelatinization temperature and enthalpy resulting from acetylation of wheat starch is consistent with its influence on starch hydration. Similar effects resulting from the inclusion of HPβ-CD were consistent with the disruption of amylose–lipid complex by HPβ-CD which promotes granular hydration. 相似文献
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甘薯精白淀粉和变性淀粉的研制及性能的研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
本文总结了甘薯精白淀粉及磷酸淀粉、可溶性淀粉、氧化淀粉等变性淀粉研制的最佳工艺条件,并对它们的理化特性进行了研究,为食品、轻纺、建筑等行业部门展示了广阔的应用前景。 相似文献