直流电弧等离子体法制备In(Sn)-O及Sn(In)(Sb)-O系纳米颗粒（英文）

采用一种新的直流电弧等离子体法,通过对熔融的金属进行爆破(或气化),制备出了单相SnO_2、In_2O_3纳米颗粒以及In_2O_3:Sn(ITO)、SnO_2:Sb(ATO)和SnO_2:In:Sb(IATO)多元复合纳米颗粒。XRD结果表明,所制备的SnO_2和In_2O_3基多元复合纳米颗粒均为单相结构,没有其它杂相;TEM结果表明,直流电弧等离子体所制备的单相纳米颗粒分散性好,尺寸20～50 nm。该法合成的纳米ITO和ATO颗粒所制备的ITO靶材和SnO_2电极密度高、电阻率低,表明所制备的ITO和ATO纳米颗粒可以应用于平板显示和导电电极领域。     

Bi_(3.15)Nd_(0.85)Ti_3O_(12)纳米管阵列的制备与微结构表征

采用溶胶凝胶法,在孔径为200 nm的阳极氧化铝模板中制备了Bi_3.15Nd_0.85Ti_3O_(12)纳米管阵列.通过XRD、SEM、TEM、HRTEM、SAED和Raman光谱测试手段对纳米管阵列的物相、微结构和声子振动特性进行了表征.研究表明,所合成BNdT纳米管为钙钛矿相多晶结构,纳米管外径约为200 nm,管壁厚约10 nm,管径和长度与所用AAO模板尺寸一致.Raman光谱分析表明,Nd离子取代了类钙钛矿层中A位的Bi离子.     

共沉淀粉末与混合粉烧结ITO靶材的微观组织结构研究（英文）

磁控溅射ITO靶材制备ITO透明导电薄膜作为平板显示、太阳能电池、气敏元件等电子器件的电极材料,需要ITO靶材具有高纯度、高均匀性、高密度、高导电性的特点。对比研究了ITO共沉淀粉与In_2O_3、SnO_2单体混合粉同炉烧结ITO靶材的微观组织结构差异,如:晶粒尺寸分布、晶粒形貌、元素分布、烧结速率等。结果表明:单体混合粉的烧结速率要比共沉淀粉的烧结速率高,但是前者烧结ITO靶材的微观组织结构不及后者烧结的均匀性好。对比而言,共沉淀粉更容易获得结构组织均匀的ITO靶材,但前提是要合理的设计烧结工艺抑制烧结过程中In_2O_3的分解。研究结果将会对提高ITO靶材微观组织均匀性和减少靶材毒化,进而提高靶材生产效率提供有益的参考。     

硫化铟对ZL108铝合金微弧氧化膜层结构和耐腐蚀性能的影响（英文）

在含有In_2S_3的硅酸盐电解液中对ZL108铝合金进行了微弧氧化处理。采用扫描电镜(SEM)、光学轮廓仪、X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和电化学工作站等检测手段,研究了添加In_2S_3对MAO膜层微观结构、相组成和耐蚀性等的影响。结果表明,In_2S_3的加入提高了微弧氧化电压,使膜层成膜速率增加,从而导致膜层厚度增加。在含有In_2S_3的电解液中形成的膜层致密性更好,膜层显微硬度提高,膜层的耐蚀性增强。膜层主要由α-Al_2O_3、γ-Al_2O_3和SiO_2相组成。XPS检测结果表明In_2S_3在氧化过程中转变为In_2O_3。因此,添加In_2S_3优化了MAO膜层结构,提高了MAO膜层的综合性能。     

纳米针状ITO的FESEM与TEM研究

采用近水沸点沉淀和煅烧工艺制备了纳米针状ITO粉末并采用场发射扫描电镜、透射电镜和X射线衍射等手段对ITO粉末进行表征.分析结果表明ITO前驱体纳米针的直径大体上分布在20 nm～100 nm之间,其长径比主要分布在3～8之间;ITO纳米针的直径主要分布在20 nm～60 nm之间,而其长径比则分布在4～12之间.ITO前驱体针是由相当细长的直径为3 nm～4 nm的纳米丝组成的,且这些纳米丝非常规整的排列成平行于ITO前驱体纳米针的轴向,而ITO纳米针却是由其平坦面垂直于针的轴向的薄片状亚单元组成的.ITO前驱体针是由In(OH)3和Sn3O2(OH)2组成的,且ITO前驱体针中的纳米丝是沿In(OH)3的[100]晶向择优取向生长.     

Zn0.95Co0.05O纳米线和纳米管的电泳沉积法可控合成（英文）

以阳极氧化铝为模板通过电泳沉积法制备Zn0.95Co0.05O纳米线和纳米管,并对电泳沉积法制备纳米线(管)的机理进行研究。系统的结构表征表明所得的纳米管和纳米线是由8～15nm的纤锌矿纳米晶构成的多晶结构,Co2+离子以代位掺杂形式掺入晶格,取代了晶格中的Zn2+离子。磁性表征显示制备的纳米线和纳米管具有室温铁磁性。由于Co在纳米线(管)中表面择优分布,纳米管的磁性明显高于纳米线。     

Zn_(0.95)Co_(0.05)O纳米线和纳米管的电泳沉积法可控合成(英文)

以阳极氧化铝为模板通过电泳沉积法制备Zn0.95Co0.05O纳米线和纳米管,并对电泳沉积法制备纳米线(管)的机理进行研究。系统的结构表征表明所得的纳米管和纳米线是由8～15nm的纤锌矿纳米晶构成的多晶结构,Co2+离子以代位掺杂形式掺入晶格,取代了晶格中的Zn2+离子。磁性表征显示制备的纳米线和纳米管具有室温铁磁性。由于Co在纳米线(管)中表面择优分布,纳米管的磁性明显高于纳米线。     

Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12纳米管的制备工艺研究

研究了一种Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 (BLT)铁电存储材料纳米管的简单有效合成方法。通过阳极氧化铝模板(AAO)辅助溶胶凝胶法,合成了BLT纳米管。其基本过程是以次硝酸铋、硝酸镧和钛酸四丁酯为原料,以冰醋酸和乙二醇甲醚为溶剂配制BLT溶胶,然后将BLT溶胶滴在AAO模板表面,浸润后烘干并反复多次,而后将材料在500 ℃下保温1 h,除去有机物,最后在750 ℃下保温30 min晶化,用KOH腐蚀去除氧化铝模板,即得到BLT纳米管。结果表明,BLT纳米管具有[117]择优取向;BLT纳米管管壁光滑,直径与模板孔径相当,约300 nm,且分布均匀,管壁厚度约25 nm,纳米管是多晶体,由粒径为8~12 nm晶粒组成     

0412-1961

用ZrO_2固体电解质组成氧浓差电池:(-)Re,In,In_2O_3     

Ru纳米颗粒包覆ITO纳米线热解纤维素性能研究

以阳极氧化铝(AAO)膜为模板,采用真空机械压注法制备铟锡(InSn)合金纳米线(NWs),然后采用“原位放电还原”方法在InSn NWs表面包覆Ru颗粒。随后,将复合材料在空气中进行热处理,合成RuO₂/ITO NWs。最后,在H₂气氛下还原RuO₂/ITO NWs获得Ru/ITO NWs。结果表明,InSn纳米线直径约为40 nm,2 ~ 5 nm的Ru纳米颗粒均匀地包覆在ITO NWs的表面。此外,检测了所得Ru/ITO NWs对纤维素的催化热解性能,所得产物为1,6-脱水吡喃葡萄糖、乙醇醛和羟基丙酮,对比无催化剂、ITO NWs,Ru/ITO NWs所得产物,可以发现Ru/ITO NWs催化剂减少了1,6-脱水吡喃葡萄糖的产生,表明Ru纳米颗粒加剧了热解过程中的氧桥的断裂,加速生成乙醇醛和羟基丙酮,提高纤维素热解效率。同时对存在醚键的壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚也进行了热解分析,结果表明Ru/ITO NWs对醚键的断裂起明显的催化作用。     

Sol-gel synthesis of Bi3.25La0.75Ti3O12 nanotubes

Ferroelectric Bi_3.25La_0.75Ti₃O₁₂ (BLT) nanotubes were synthesized by sol-gel technique using nanochannel porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates, and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). BLT nanotubes with diameter of around 240 nm and the wall thickness of about 25 nm exhibited a single orthorhombic perovskite structure and highly preferential crystal growth along the [1 1 7] orientation, which have smooth wall morphologies and well-defined diameters corresponding to the diameter of the applied template. The formation mechanism of BLT nanotubes was discussed.     

In situ synthesis of zirconia nanotube crystallines by direct anodization

Zirconia nanotube crystallines were obtained using a direct anodization method in 1 M (NH₄)₂SO₄ electrolyte containing 0.5 wt.% NH₄F at different applied voltages (10-50 V). The microstructure and crystal structure of zirconia nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Under optimum conditions zirconia nanotubes with a diameter of up to 40 nm and a length of up to 12 μm were prepared. The as-prepared nanotubes are of orthorhombic phase when the voltage applied is less than or equal to 30 V. Some crystallines of monoclinic phase emerge when increase the voltage to 50 V.     

模板法制备纳米MnO2/CNT复合材料及其在锂电池中的应用

以P123为表面活性剂,采用软模板法合成MnO2/CNT纳米复合材料。采用X射线衍射、热重和差热分析、傅立叶变换红外光谱分析和高分辨率透射电子显微镜对样品进行表征。结果表明,样品为弱结晶的α-MnO2,直径约10nm,长30？50nm,它们附着在碳纳米管壁上。样品的电化学性能通过组成Li-MnO2进行电池充放电和电化学阻抗测试（EIS）,与纯二氧化锰相比,MnO2/CNT纳米复合材料具有更大的初始容量275.3mA·h/g和更好的倍率和循环性能。     

CuS nanostructures prepared by a hydrothermal method

Without using any surfactant or template, novel CuS three-dimensional (3D) structures consisting of nanosheets were successfully synthesized via a convenient one-step hydrothermal approach. X-ray diffraction pattern showed that the as-prepared product was pure hexagonal phase CuS. Scanning electron microscopy and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy images revealed that the as-prepared product comprised 3D microspheres (about 1-3 μm in diameter), which were further constructed with randomly oriented, single-crystalline CuS nanosheets (about 20 nm in thickness). The UV-vis absorption spectrum of the as-synthesized CuS 3D microspheres displayed an optical absorption minimum near 672 nm. Besides, the thermal stability of the as-synthesized CuS 3D microspheres was also studied.     

Preparation and performance of titanate nanotube by hydrothermal treatment

Titanate nanotubes were synthesized by hydrothermal treatment in concentrated NaOH solution followed by HCl washing. The as-prepared nanotubes were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, transmission electron microscopy （TEM）, and N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm measurements （BET）. The results displayed that the hydrothermal treatment temperature within 110-160℃ not only affected the structure of the nanotube, but also the anatase-to-rutile transformation temperature. The nanotube could be obtained only in an appropriate concentration of NaOH solution. The diameter of the nanotube was 6-10 nm. The surface area of the product initially increased with increasing treatment temperature, to reach a maximum of about 630 m^2/g at 130℃, and then decreased with a further increase in temperature.     

SnO_2空心球的水热制备与表征

采用简单的水热法制备了SnO_2空心球.通过FE-SEM、TEM、TG-DTA、XRD对其微观形貌、结构、相组成等进行了表征和分析, 对SnO_2空心微球的荧光特性进行了初步探索.结果表明,所得SnO_2空心球是由纳米晶粒组成的多晶结构,壁厚约为15 nm,微球平均直径约为125 nm.产物在550 ℃热处理后为四方晶体结构的SnO_2,荧光光谱分析表明,SnO_2空心球分别在470、818 nm处产生PL特征峰,主要由于缺陷形成杂质带导致.     

水热法氧化钒纳米管生长过程的研究

以十二胺和五氧化二钒为原料通过水热反应合成了氧化钒纳米管，并用X射线衍射仪(XRD)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)进行表征。实验结果表明，用这种方法合成的氧化钒纳米管转化率很高，可以实现宏量制备；纳米管内管径分布很窄，约为20nm；纳米管结构独特，十二胺内嵌入管壁层间成为支撑管子的骨架，并影响管壁层间距；水热反应时间显著影响氧化钒纳米管的生长，理想的水热反应时间为6～8天，因此纳米管热稳定性差。     

Microwave-assisted synthesis and magnetic properties of size-controlled CoNi/MWCNT nanocomposites

Size-controlled CoNi alloy nanoparticles with average diameters in the range of 15-48 nm attached on the multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were prepared to form CoNi/MWCNT nanocomposites by microwave-assisted method. The size of CoNi alloy nanoparticles can be controlled through adjusting the atomic ratios of metals to carbon nanotubes in the mixed acetate solution. The as-prepared nanocomposites have been characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), energy-disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The results show that CoNi alloy nanoparticles are face-centered cubic structure, quasi-spherical and disperse uniformly on the surface of MWCNTs. Magnetic measurement shows that both the coercivity and the saturation magnetization of the samples increase with the increase of the particle size from 15 to 37 nm, and decrease from 37 to 48 nm.     

ZnO纳米片状晶体的生长及其表征

采用高温碳热还原反应工艺．以氧化锌和碳粉为主要原料，在N2／H2O气氛中制备成功ZnO纳米片状晶体.所制薄片直径在100nm．厚度约50nm.采用场发射扫描电子显做镜（FESEM）、高分辨透射电子显做镜（HETEM）、X射线衍射分析仪（XRD）、拉曼（RAMAN）光谱等测试手段对产物进行表征。结果表明产物为ZnO，呈单一六角晶系纤锌矿结构，在相同的反应时间内，提高反应温度可使纳米片生长为六角塔状晶体，证填ZnO纳米片是六角平板状结构。     

镍纳米颗粒填充碳纳米管的制备和表征

采用阳极弧放电等离子体技术制备了Ni纳米颗粒填充的碳纳米管,并利用高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和X射线能量色散分析谱仪(XEDS)等测试手段对样品的化学成分、形态和物相结构等特征进行了表征。结果表明,采用本实验的方法能获得大量的被纳米金属颗粒填充的碳纳米管,内部填充物为fcc结构的Ni纳米颗粒,外围薄层为石墨碳层。碳纳米管的外径在30~40nm范围内,壁厚5~8nm,内部填充的纳米颗粒呈球形和椭球形,粒径均匀。