铝柱撑膨润土对甲基橙的吸附性能研究

以铝的多聚羟基阳离子为柱撑剂对天然钠基膨润土进行柱撑改性,制备铝柱撑膨润土,并以其为吸附剂,通过静态吸附实验考察了其对废水中甲基橙的吸附性能。结果表明,膨润土经过铝柱撑改性后,其吸附性能得到了较大的提高。甲基橙在铝柱撑膨润土上的吸附过程可以通过伪一级动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温线来描述。     

水中硝基苯在柱撑膨润土上的吸附行为

在［OH^-］/［Al³⁺］=2.4的反应条件下,利用Al³⁺与碱液反应制备出Keggin离子,并由此制备出了无机、无机-有机柱撑膨润土,XRD-衍射数据表明,经柱撑后的膨润土层间距明显增大,达1.9 nm以上.研究了硝基苯在4种改性膨润土上的吸附行为,结果表明：经柱撑处理后的膨润土吸附能力明显大于钠基土,其吸附动力学行为遵循Bingham方程和Langmuir方程所描述的规律,平衡吸附量q_e与平衡浓度C_e之间的关系符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附方程,吸附表现为放热的物理吸附和有机质的分配作用.     

无机-有机柱撑膨润土对水中苯胺的吸附行为研究

在OH^-和Al^3 的摩尔比为2．4的反应条件下。利用Al^3 与碱液反应制备出Keggin离子。并由此制备出了无机、无机-有机柱撑膨润土。XRD衍射数据表明：经柱撑后的膨润土层间距明显增大。达1．9nm以上。研究了苯胺在4种改性膨润土上的吸附行为。结果表明：经柱撑处理后的膨润土吸附能力明显大于钠基土。其吸附动力学行为遵循Bangham方程和Langmuir方程所描述的规律,平衡吸附量q,与平衡质量浓度pc之间的关系符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附方程。吸附表现为放热的物理吸附和有机质的分配作用。     

TiO_2/膨润土柱撑复合材料的吸附性能及应用

以膨润土和四氯化钛为原料,采用水热法制备TiO2/膨润土柱撑复合材料,探讨了复合材料对甲基橙的吸附性能。结果显示,TiO2/膨润土柱撑复合材料在平衡浓度0~6 mg/L范围内,吸附等温曲线符Freundlich吸附等温方程,吸附动力学曲线遵Langmuir方程,吸附速率常数k-Na-Ti-Mt=0.340 3,吸附方式是分配和表面吸附的协同效应,且以分配作用为主,可作为很好的吸附污染有机物的材料。     

柱撑膨润土对刚果红的吸附热力学与吸附动力学研究

制备了铝柱撑膨润土,研究其对废水中刚果红的吸附性能.利用X射线衍射(XRD)和傅里叶红外光谱分析仪(FTIR)对其进行表征.考察了投加量和pH值对吸附性能的影响,研究了吸附热力学和动力学规律.结果表明,pH值在3～7时,脱色率较高;在投加量为5 g/L,溶液为原始pH值时,对浓度为50 mg/L的废水,脱色率可达98.2％;柱撑膨润土对刚果红的吸附符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir方程,吸附为自发放热物理过程.     

TiO2柱撑膨润土对染料茜素黄的吸附行为

以Sol—Gel法制备TiO_2溶胶和钇掺杂TiO_2溶胶为柱化剂,制备出了TiO_2柱撑膨润土和钇掺杂TiO_2柱撑膨润土;X射线衍射分析表明,经柱撑后的膨润土层问距明显增大,达1.9nm以上,经500℃煅烧后其层间距稳定在1.8nm以上。研究了茜素黄在4种TiO_2柱撑膨润土上的吸附行为,结果表明:4种TiO_2柱撑膨润土吸附染料茜素黄的速率和吸附量均较大,其吸附动力学行为均遵循Bangham方程和Langmuir方程所描述的规律。平衡吸附量q_e与平衡浓度p_e之间的关系符合Freundich和Langmuir等温吸附方程。其吸附均为吸热过程,吸附热值在13kJ.mol~(-1)～16kJ.mol~(-1)范围,吸附表现为表面物理吸附和离子交换作用。     

改性膨润土对甲基橙的吸附

在用Cu^2 A‘^3 Fe^3 对膨润土改性中，Fe^3 改性的膨润土对甲基橙的吸附性能最好，在振荡20分钟后即可达到吸附平衡。pH=3～7、用量为3g／L、25℃时对甲基橙的吸附量达到最大，在pH=7及常温条件下，铁基膨润土的用量为11g／L时，对浓度为250mg／L甲基橙的吸附量和去除率分别为22.2mg／g98．6％；对浓度为40mg／L的甲基橙去除率达97.1％。     

Fe-Al柱撑膨润土吸附染料酸性大红的性能

制备了Fe-Al柱撑膨润土,研究了其对染料酸性大红的吸附去除性能,结果表明:Fe-Al柱撑膨润土对染料酸性大红有很好的去除效果,当其用量为0.1g时,染料酸性大红的吸附去除率达到92.6%;Fe-Al柱撑膨润土对染料酸性大红的吸附在60分钟达到平衡;pH值对染料酸性大红的去除有一定的影响,在酸性和碱性条件下的去除率大于中性。平衡吸附量qe与平衡质量浓度pe之间的关系符合Freundlich和Langmuir等温吸附方程所描述的规律。     

TiO2柱撑膨润土吸附染料副品红的性能

以Sol-Gel法制备TiO2溶胶和钇掺杂TiO2溶胶为柱化剂,制备出了TiO2柱撑膨润土和钇掺杂Tiq柱撑膨润土。X射线衍射分析表明,经柱撵后的膨润土层间距明显增大,达1．9mn以上,经500℃煅烧后,其层间距稳定在1．8mn以上。研究了4种TiO2柱撑膨润土对副品红的吸附性能,结果表明：4种TiO2柱撑膨润土对副品红有很高的吸附去除效果,当投土量为0．1g时,副品红的吸附去除率分别为98．78％、94．03％、99．24％、96．58％;4种TiO2柱撑膨润土对副品红的吸附在60min达到平衡;温度升高,副品红的去除率略有上升;溶液pH值对副品红的去除有一定的影响,在酸性和碱性条件下的去除率略大于中性。     

热改性膨润土对甲基橙废水的吸附

研究了热改性膨润土对甲基橙的吸附性能。结果表明改性的方法能够明显地改善膨润土在水中的沉降性与过滤性,大大地提高了膨润土对甲基橙的吸附能力。在pH等于7及常温条件下,当经300℃煅烧2h的热改性膨润土的用量为12g／L时,对浓度为248mg／L的甲基橙的吸附量和去除率分别为22．12mg／g、98．58％;对浓度为41．0mg／L的甲基橙的去除率达97．4％。     

ACFs吸附溶液中甲基橙的性能研究

利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、比表面分析仪和FTIR对活性炭纤维(ACFs)进行表征,并研究了ACFs对溶液中甲基橙的吸附性能。考察了吸附动力学、pH值、吸附温度及甲基橙溶液初始浓度对吸附性能的影响。实验结果表明,平衡吸附时间选取150 min,在溶液为中性条件下,溶液中甲基橙的去除率最高,溶液pH值为6时去除率达到最大值为93.45%;溶液温度为25℃时,ACFs的吸附效果最好;甲基橙的去除率随着甲基橙初始浓度增加而增大。等温吸附数据符合Freundlich吸附等温模型,吸附反应过程符合Langergren准一级动力学方程。     

磁性活性炭的制备及吸附去除水中甲基橙的研究

采用沉淀法制备了磁性活性炭,并用磁强计、比表面测定仪、XRD对其进行了表征。研究了磁性活性炭吸附去除水中甲基橙的吸附动力学、吸附热力学。结果表明:磁性活性炭对甲基橙吸附20 min后基本达到平衡,且与拟二级吸附动力学模型拟合较好;在25、40℃和55℃下符合Freundlich方程;吸附焓变、熵变和吉布斯自由能变均为负值,吸附为焓推动作用、自发且放热过程。     

Removal of copper ions from aqueous solution by adsorption using LABORATORIES-modified bentonite (organo-bentonite)

Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of the adsorption of copper ions from an aqueous solution using linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LABORATORIES) modified bentonite (organo-bentonite) are reported. Modification of bentonite was performed via microwave heating with a concentration of LABORATORIES surfactant equivalent to 1.5 times that of the cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the raw bentonite. Experimental parameters affecting the adsorption process such as pH, contact time and temperature were studied. Several adsorption equations (e.g., Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips and Toth) with temperature dependency were used to correlate the equilibrium data. These models were evaluated based on the theoretical justifications of each isotherm parameter. The Sips model had the best fit for the adsorption of copper ions onto organo-bentonite. For the kinetic data, the pseudo-second order model was superior to the pseudo-first order model. Thermodynamically, the adsorption of copper ions occurs via chemisorption and the process is endothermic (ΔH⁰>0), irreversible (ΔS⁰>0) and nonspontaneous (ΔG⁰>0).     

Removal of methyl orange from aqueous solutions using a bentonite modified with a new gemini surfactant

Glycol bis-N-cetylnicotinate dibromide (designated as GN16-1-16), a new cationic gemini surfactant, was prepared and used to modify bentonite. Bentonite modified with commercial cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTMAB) was also prepared for comparison purposes. FTIR and XRD revealed that both surfactants successfully intercalated into the bentonite layers. The basal spacing was 2.65 nm for GN-Bt (the bentonite modified by GN16-1-16) and 2.14 nm for C-Bt (the bentonite modified by CTMAB), indicating that GN16-1-16 was more efficient than CTMAB in expanding the interlayer space of montmorillonite. The optimum reaction time and temperature in the modification were 1 h and 30 °C for GN16-1-16 and 3 h and 70 °C for CTMAB. The GN16-1-16 reacted with bentonite faster than CTMAB. The decoloration rate and the COD removal of methyl orange (MO) solution were 99.02% and 90.62% for GN-Bt and 80.12% and 75.49% for C-BT. Therefore, GN-Bt was more effective than C-Bt to remove MO from aqueous solution. However, the efficiency of GN-Bt decreased rapidly at pH > 6, which might be due to the hydrolysis of the ester groups in GN16-1-16 molecule under alkaline environment.     

甲基橙溶液的超声波降解研究

研究了甲基橙溶液的超声波降解动力学,并考察了温度、介质酸度、催化剂、空气的通入对降解速率的影响。结果表明,甲基橙的降解反应为一级反应,反应速率常数为2.13×10-3min-1。。在25-45℃范围内,温度对甲基橙降解影响不明显。当温度大于80℃时,降解率明显下降。介质的酸度对甲基橙的降解影响较大,酸性条件下,随着酸度的增加,降解速率加快,中性条件下降解速率最低,当pH值大于8时.降解速率又有所提高。     

改性掺银二氧化钛对甲基橙的光催化降解研究

采用钛酸四丁酯为主要原料,以溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2及不同Ag含量的Ag-TiO2,通过X射线衍射仪及傅里叶红外光谱仪对其结构进行必要的表征。以高压汞灯为光源,研究了TiO2及Ag-TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解情况。结果表明,掺杂Ag+的TiO2对甲基橙的光催化降解效果较好。     

核桃壳活性炭吸附甲基橙的性能研究

以核桃壳为原料,采用氯化锌化学活化法制备活性炭,以甲基橙溶液为染料模拟废水,在恒温振荡的条件下进行吸附,研究了吸附剂用量、吸附时间、吸附温度对吸附效果的影响,考察活性炭再生性能。结果表明,当吸附剂用量为5 g/L,吸附时间105 min,温度45℃时,核桃壳活性炭对甲基橙溶液(200 mg/L)的吸附率达99.76%,吸附符合Langmuir等温模型,热再生率高,再生后活性炭损失率最高达52.31%。     

Adsorption of methyl orange from aqueous solution by composite magnetic microspheres of chitosan and quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative

Novel composite magnetic microspheres containing chitosan and quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative (CHMMs) were prepared by inverse suspension method, and used for the methyl orange (MO) removal from aqueous solutions. The CHMMs were characterized by a scanning electron microscope, a transmission electron microscope, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, respectively. Compared with the chitosan beads, the incorporation of quaternary ammonium chitosan derivative significantly reduced the particle size. The MO adsorption by CHMMs was investigated by batch adsorption experiments. The adsorption kinetics was conformed to the pseudo second-order kinetics equation. The adsorption isotherm followed the Langmuir model better than the Freundlich model and the calculated maximum MO adsorption capacity was 266.6 mg·g^-1 at 293 K. Thermodynamic studies indicated that the MO adsorption was endothermic in nature with the enthalpy change (ΔH°) of 99.44 kJ·mol^-1. The CHMMs had a stable performance for MO adsorption in the pH range of 4-10, but high ionic strength deteriorated the MO removal due to the shielding of the ion exchange interaction. A 1 mol·L^-1 NaCl solution could be used to regenerate the exhausted CHMMs. The proposed CHMMs can be used as an effective adsorbent for dye removal or recovery from the dye wastewater.     

高炉渣对废水中Cu~(2+)吸附性能的研究

用高炉渣吸附废水中的Cu~(2+),探讨了反应时间、吸附剂投加量、吸附温度和废水pH等因素对废水中Cu~(2+)去除率的影响,并从动力学和等温吸附模型探讨了吸附作用机理。结果表明,当吸附温度为室温(25℃)、吸附剂投加量为1.2 g、反应时间为60 min、废水初始pH为7时,Cu~(2+)去除率达95.18%;高炉渣吸附剂对废水中Cu~(2+)的吸附过程符合吸附伪二级动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温模型,这表明此吸附过程主要是单分子层吸附,并且吸附是容易发生的。     

高炉渣对废水中Cu~(2+)吸附性能的研究

用高炉渣吸附废水中的Cu⁽²⁺⁾,探讨了反应时间、吸附剂投加量、吸附温度和废水pH等因素对废水中Cu(2+),探讨了反应时间、吸附剂投加量、吸附温度和废水pH等因素对废水中Cu⁽²⁺⁾去除率的影响,并从动力学和等温吸附模型探讨了吸附作用机理。结果表明,当吸附温度为室温(25℃)、吸附剂投加量为1.2 g、反应时间为60 min、废水初始pH为7时,Cu(2+)去除率的影响,并从动力学和等温吸附模型探讨了吸附作用机理。结果表明,当吸附温度为室温(25℃)、吸附剂投加量为1.2 g、反应时间为60 min、废水初始pH为7时,Cu⁽²⁺⁾去除率达95.18%;高炉渣吸附剂对废水中Cu(2+)去除率达95.18%;高炉渣吸附剂对废水中Cu⁽²⁺⁾的吸附过程符合吸附伪二级动力学方程和Langmuir吸附等温模型,这表明此吸附过程主要是单分子层吸附,并且吸附是容易发生的。