基于PLC对象编程的烟草香料配比自动化

本文将面向对象的编程方法引入PLC复杂的逻辑顺序控制系统,并结合作者在烟草行业香料厨房控制系统中的应用,介绍了系统中类的抽象、封装和继承之间的相互关系。采用面向对象方法,顺序控制系统编程从实现复杂的逻辑运算转变成创建和建立对象之间的消息传递机制,相比于传统的线性化编程方法可以显著提高编程效率,增强系统的可扩充性。     

面向对象的方法在风送控制系统中的应用

针对风送系统设备数量繁多、流程复杂等特点,在该复杂逻辑顺序控制系统中引入面向对象的方法。该方法通过Simatic PCS7编程加以实现。分别给出了风送控制系统具体的应用方案,并对面向对象方法在工业控制领域的广阔应用前景进行了展望。实验结果表明,面向对象方法的引入使得复杂逻辑顺序控制系统的编程变得快捷、高效,并使系统更易于维护。     

面向对象技术在钾肥控制系统中的应用

将面向对象技术应用于钾肥控制系统中,控制设备抽象为类,为每类设备自定义一个结构体,用自定义指令将设备对象封装,提高了系统的效率和可维护性。     

输送系统的UML建模、优化与实现

将面向对象方法引入输送系统的建模和分析过程,采用统一建模语言UML对系统的功能、对象结构、行为和活动以及实现方式等建立了一整套模型。UML模型可以采用面向对象语言快速实现,按照模块化结构,使用PLC编程语言也可实现面向对象编程。采用UML对输送系统进行分析可将系统实现的复杂性降低,有利于系统的分析和设计,系统的优化算法可以在此基础上进一步研究和实现。（以一个工程为实例,说明了相对于传统的顺控方案,以UML模型为基础的输送系统在开发和维护、扩充和代码重用等方面具有显著优势,UML在顺序控制系统中具有广阔的应用和研究前景。）     

仿真机盘台三维实时仿真系统的面向对象实现

本文介绍了一种基于面向对象程序设计方法的仿真机盘台三维实时仿真系统，该系统采用面向对象的方法，将物体的属性和操作方法封装在一个对象内，较好地解决了编制计算机软件实现三维图形实时仿真的问题。     

一个面向对象的第四代语言OOA4GL的设计

面向对象的数据库应用开发工具是面向对象技术在数据库系统中的一个重要应用。面向对象方法具有许多良好的特点：模块性、封装功能、代码共享、编程灵活性、支持增量型设计等。在Ａ４ＧＬ中引入类和对象，支持过程抽象、数据抽象、封装、继承，将Ａ４ＧＬ改造成为一个面向对象的编程语言，以支持面向对象的方法     

可控式数字音乐系统模拟的研究与实现

目前,数字音乐系统很大程度上仍依赖专业硬件设备,高效率的软件模拟方式仍有待探索。文中从数字音乐的文件结构、运作流程、封装方式、编程接口、逻辑结构模拟、用户接口几个方面,研究了以面向对象方式描述一个程序可控的数字音乐模拟系统的研发框架,并为数字音乐系统模拟流程提供了完整性定义和具体的实现技术。通过该文提出的解决方案可实现在脱离专业硬件条件的支持下实现对MIDI文件结构的封装,并以较优的性能搭建一个数字音乐系统。     

远程监控系统的云台控制及多画面显示

基于面向对象的编程思想，对有关串口编程和多画面显示的函数进行了类的封装，提出了串行通信和多画面显示程序的一般方法，并给出了远程监控系统的软件实现方法。     

分层的面向对象Petri网模型分析

1.引言面向对象技术具有模块化、继承、多态性和消息传递等特征,它利用“对象”这个概念,将数据与在其上的操作封装在一起,直接作为可独立存在的建模实体,通过“消息传递”来完成对象之间的联系,若干个对象通过消息传递可以有机地组成一个系统,易于实现系统建模。但随着网络的发展,系统的结构也日趋复杂。运用面向对象的方法构造复杂大系统时,常常要构造大量的对象实体.它们之间的关系错综复杂,十分繁琐,且诸多对象之间隐含有并发性,稍一疏忽便容易出错。另外,面向对象技术形式化的描述和分析还不太完善,一些问题难以得到严格的规范化结论。而Petri网作为一种描述具有分布、并发、异步特征的系统的图形工具,深刻、简洁地刻     

基于表驱动法的编程模式

基于表驱动法的编程模式是为了应对较为复杂的逻辑结构,它提供了一种较简单的替代方案--表。在编程中表现为一个复杂的数组,通过简单的查询来简化复杂的代码逻辑,可以将数据或行为封装在一个数组内,达到简化复杂性目的。     

Message Filters for Object-oriented Systems

In the conventional object model, encapsulated objects interact by messages that result in method invocations on the destination object. A message is delivered directly at the destination object. As a result of the direct deliveries, the message control code performing intermediate message manipulations cannot be abstracted out separately from the message processing code in the destination object without sacrificing the transparency of the intermediate message control. We propose the filtered delivery model of message passing for object-oriented languages to provide the separation of message control from message processing in a transparent manner. An interclass relationship, called a filter relationship, is introduced. As a consequence, a filter object can intercept and manipulate messages sent to another object called its client via filter member functions. A filter member function in a filter object can intercept a particular member function invocation on its client object. The filtered delivery model supports both upward and downward filtering mechanisms, facilitating interception of an upward message and its return message value. Filter objects can be plugged or unplugged at runtime. Binding of filter member functions to corresponding member functions in the client is selective and dynamic. The filtered delivery model is developed for the C++ object-oriented language; its applications are described and implementation is discussed. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Strong types for coordinating active objects

An object type is usually regarded as a contract between an object and each of its clients. However, in concurrent (and sometimes also in sequential) systems it is more useful to regard a type as a contract between an object and the set of all clients: when the object acts as a shared resource, the clients must be coordinated before sending messages to the object. Process types of active objects specify constraints on the ordering of messages. Static type checking ensures proper coordination of clients so that objects receive messages only in acceptable orderings. As presented in this article, the process type system is based on a simple computation model where active objects communicate via asynchronous message passing. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于状态与关联日志的业务对象关联模型

构造良好的业务模型是实现企业信息系统快速重构以适应业务变化的关键。传统的业务建模方法对业务对象之间存在的复杂关联关系无法有效解决，对系统的可扩展性、二次开发效率、追溯性等方面有较大影响。为了解决此问题，提出了一种基于日志的业务对象关联模型，将对象间关联关系与业务对象清晰分离开来，重点探讨了业务对象间数值关联方式，采用简单操作来处理对象内部业务逻辑，采用复合操作来处理对象间关联关系，并将运行时的对象状态与关联信息分离出来形成日志，进而实现基于日志的业务追溯。     

Object interaction and task programming by demonstration in visuo-haptic augmented reality

A visuo-haptic augmented reality system is presented for object manipulation and task learning from human demonstration. The proposed system consists of a desktop augmented reality setup where users operate a haptic device for object interaction. Users of the haptic device are not co-located with the environment where real objects are present. A three degrees of freedom haptic device, providing force feedback, is adopted for object interaction by pushing, selection, translation and rotation. The system also supports physics-based animation of rigid bodies. Virtual objects are simulated in a physically plausible manner and seem to coexist with real objects in the augmented reality space. Algorithms for calibration, object recognition, registration and haptic rendering have been developed. Automatic model-based object recognition and registration are performed from 3D range data acquired by a moving laser scanner mounted on a robot arm. Several experiments have been performed to evaluate the augmented reality system in both single-user and collaborative tasks. Moreover, the potential of the system for programming robot manipulation tasks by demonstration is investigated. Experiments show that a precedence graph, encoding the sequential structure of the task, can be successfully extracted from multiple user demonstrations and that the learned task can be executed by a robot system.     

基于UML协作图和DFA的测试用例生成方法研究

UML协作图能够描述对象之间动态的交互关系及对象之间消息传递的过程,根据协作图中的消息流和控制流可以获取有用的场景模型并生成测试用例。本文在研究UML协作图和确定有穷自动机（DFA）之间对应关系的基础上,提出一种将UML协作图转换为DFA,再从DFA中提取测试场景生成测试用例的方法,并将该方法应用于实际项目的测试用例生成。最后,通过对结果进行数据对比和分析,说明该测试用例生成方法的有效性。     

Assembling a resolution multiprocessor from interface,programming and distributed processing components

An effective resolution multiprocessor can be built from distributed processing, logic programming, and interface elements. Widely used, portable, components can be modularly composed into a portable parallel system that displays good resistance to premature obsolescence by software evolution. A virtual multiprocessor offering common message passing and configuration services integrates a distributed mesh of sequential resolution engines. Users configure and control the resolution engines and virtual multiprocessor through a GUI using an embedded command language to drive its facilities. Prolog programs either explicitly control parallel execution through message passing or would have to rely on program transformation techniques to extract parallelism implicitly.     

An operational semantics for object-oriented concepts based on the class hierarchy

The formalisation of object-oriented languages is essential for describing the implementation details of specific programming languages or for developing program verification techniques. However there has been relatively little formalisation work aimed at abstractly describing the fundamental concepts of object-oriented programming, separate from specific language considerations or suitability for a particular verification style. In this paper we address this issue by formalising a language that includes the core object-oriented programming language concepts of field tests and updates, methods, constructors, subclassing, multithreading, and synchronisation, built on top of standard sequential programming constructs. The abstract syntax is relatively close to the core of typical object-oriented programming languages such as Java. A novel aspect of the syntax is that objects and classes are encapsulated within a single syntactic term, including their fields and methods. Furthermore, class terms are structured according to the class hierarchy, and objects appear as subterms of their class (and method instances as subterms of the relevant object). This helps to narrow the gap between how a programmer thinks about their code and the underlying mathematical objects in the semantics. The semantics is defined operationally, so that all actions a program may take, such as testing or setting local variables and fields, or invoking methods on other objects, appear on the labels of the transitions. A process-algebraic style of interprocess communication is used for object and class interactions. A benefit of this label-based approach to the semantics is that a separation of concerns can be made when defining the rules of the different constructs, and the rules tend to be more concise. The basic rules for individual commands may be composed into more powerful rules that operate at the level of classes and objects. The traces generated by the operational semantics are used as the basis for establishing equivalence between classes.     

Reflection and time-dependent computing: Experiences with the R2 architecture

In this paper we present an application of computational reflection in the programming oftime-dependent systems. A time-dependent system performs its tasks according to timing specifications specified within the system or imposed from outside the system. Reflective techniques can be applied to programming time-dependent systems because (1) some application programs require the introduction of a new language construct for specifying timing requirements and (2) different applications may require domain-specific scheduling algorithms. To allow a programmer to add or modify language constructs or scheduling algorithms, however, a clear reflective architecture and program interfaces must be provided. This paper proposes a concurrent object-based reflective architecture (R ² architecture) for time-dependent computing. This architecture is based on anindividual reflection scheme and introduces new meta-level objects (real-time meta objects) that are responsible for time-dependent capabilities. An alarm-clock object and a scheduler object are introduced, and message protocols between them and real-time meta objects are defined. We implemented this architecture on ABCL/R2 and created the Sampled Sound Player program as an application. With this application we provided three different scheduler objects and measured the impact of different scheduling algorithms on sound playback. The measured results show that a scheduler with more complex computations at the meta level exhibited less scheduling overhead, thus was capable of better sound playback. The other example, Time-dependent Graceful Degradation Scheme, demonstrates the programming of functionality degradation triggered by failure to satisfy timing specifications.     

Diagnostic system with an artificial neural network in diagnostics of an analogue technical object

This paper presents a method to control an operation process of a complex technical object, for example a car engine, with the use of trivalent diagnostic information. Also, a general diagram of the complex technical object was presented, and its internal structure was described. A diagnostic analysis was conducted, as a result of which sets of the functional elements of the object and its diagnostic signals were determined. Also, the methodology of the diagnostic examination of the technical system was presented. The result was a functional and diagnostic model, which constituted the basis for initial diagnostic information, which is provided by the sets of information concerning the elements of the basic modules and their output signals. The article also covers a diagnostic system which uses a DIAG computer programme for the recognition of the states of technical objects in trivalent logics. A programme was presented and described in an analytical form for diagnosis through an artificial neural network (ANN), which recognises the states of reparable technical objects in trivalent logics. The final results obtained from the computations conducted by the DIAG programme are presented in the table of the states of the object.