浮法玻璃在线镀复合膜的力学性能

用化学气相沉积法在浮法玻璃上制备了复合薄膜.用台阶仪、纳米压痕和X射线衍射分别测定了薄膜厚度、弹性模量、纳米硬度和室温时薄膜的残余应力.实验结果表明:薄膜厚度为560.7nm,弹性模量为48.33GPa,纳米硬度值为10.65GPa,计算得到薄膜的残余应力值为-0.19GPa.对膜厚、气体的配比、流量、玻璃板的厚度、玻璃基体的化学成分等因素对薄膜残余应力的影响进行了讨论.     

磁控溅射Ta-C-N薄膜摩擦学性能研究

采用磁控溅射法在Si基片上沉积非晶态Ta-C-N薄膜。利用纳米压痕仪表征其纳米硬度和弹性模量;摩擦磨损实验检测其摩擦学性能;光学轮廓仪和扫描电镜观察磨痕形貌。结果表明:Ta-C-N薄膜具有较高的纳米硬度9.45 GPa和弹性模量225.71 GPa,同时具有较低的摩擦系数0.238,磨损率5.94×10-6 mm3.N-1.m-1,磨面较为平整光滑,体现了优越的摩擦磨损性能。     

高能量密度脉冲等离子枪在硬质合金刀具上沉积高硬耐磨涂层研究

用高能量密度脉冲等离子体枪，于室温下在硬质合金刀具基体上分别成功沉积了硬度高、耐磨损、膜基结合力强的TiN、TiCN和TiAlN薄膜。在优化的工艺条件下，所得TiN、TiCN、TiAlN薄膜纳米硬度分别可达27GPa、50GPa和38GPa；杨氏模量分别可达450GPa、550GPa、650GPa。纳米划痕实验临界载荷分别达90mN、110mN和100mN以上。切削实验表明，涂层刀具可用于高速切削，刀具后面磨损明显减小。刀具力学性能的改善归因于更优异力学性能涂层的沉积、良好的膜基结合力以及涂层特殊的显微结构。     

氧离子注人对金刚石薄膜微结构和力学性能的影响

采用扫描电镜（SEM）、Raman光谱和纳米压痕法研究了氧离子注入对低硼掺杂金刚石薄膜微结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明,薄膜中注入较高剂量的氧离子并退火后,晶粒尺寸减小。氧离子注入导致薄膜中金刚石含量减小;1000℃退火后,薄膜中金刚石含量增加为99．8％。氧离子注入后,薄膜中的内应力由拉应力转变为压应力;退火后,薄膜内应力再转变为柱应力。氧离子注入后的金刚石薄膜的硬度较注入前的薄膜硬度有所降低,但其硬度仍然大于40GPa并具有良好的弹性恢复率。薄膜的力学性能与薄膜中的金刚石含量、晶粒尺寸和应力值有直接关系。     

连续刚度法对单晶硅片的力学性能的表征

利用纳米压痕仪通过连续刚度测量法对单晶硅片在压入过程中的接触刚度、硬度、弹性模量进行了连续测量.结果表明:当接触深度在20～32 nm左右时,单晶硅片的接触刚度与接触深度成直线关系,硬度和弹性模量基本保持不变,此时所测得的是单晶硅片表面氧化层的硬度和弹性模量,分别约为10.2 GPa和140.3 GPa.当接触深度在32～60 nm左右时,单晶硅片的接触刚度与接触深度成非直线关系,硬度和弹性模量随接触深度急剧增加,表明单晶硅片表面氧化层的硬度和弹性模量受到了基体材料的影响.当接触深度在60 nm以上时,单晶硅片的接触刚度与接触深度成直线关系,硬度和弹性模量基本保持不变,测得值为单晶硅的硬度和弹性模量,分别约为12.5 GPa和165.6 GPa.     

等离子喷涂纳米二氧化锆涂层性能的研究

采用大气等离子喷涂技术,在镍基高温合金基体上制备了纳米氧化锆涂层.运用扫描电镜对涂层显微结构进行观察和分析,同时测试了涂层的显微硬度、结合强度扣热震性能.结果表明:纳米氧化锆涂层由完全融化区和部分融化区组成,孔隙率约为7%,显微硬度为655.81 HV,结合强度为54.37 MPa,在1 000℃下,可承受40次热循环,涂层无明显脱落现象.     

烧结温度对ZrO2薄膜表面形貌及力学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法在玻璃基体表面制备了经300℃,400℃和500℃烧结热处理的ZrO2薄膜.利用X射线衍射仪、原子力显微镜和纳米压痕仪研究了烧结温度对ZrO2薄膜表面形貌和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明,随着烧结温度的增加,ZrO2的晶体结构由少量的单斜晶相逐渐转变为单斜晶相和四方晶相的混合相.薄膜表面形貌逐渐改善,薄膜的表面粗糙度和颗粒度依次减小,薄膜的表面粗糙度分别为10.5 nm、7.2 nm和5.6 nm,ZrO2的粒径分别为188 nm、153 nm和130 nm.ZrO2薄膜的弹性模量和硬度都显著提高,薄膜的弹性模量分别为89.6 GPa、114.2 GPa和128.9 GPa,薄膜的硬度分别为7.6 GPa、10.3 GPa和15.1 GPa.     

40CrNi2MoA合金钢阴极电弧等离子沉积TiN/TiAlN薄膜及其性能

以40CrNi2MoA钢作为基体,通过阴极电弧等离子体沉积(CPAD)技术制备了TiN、TiAlN和TiN/TiAlN薄膜。通过扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、纳米压痕仪、原子力显微镜、摩擦磨损试验、洛氏硬度计和电化学分析,对比了3种薄膜的组织结构、纳米硬度、表面粗糙度、耐磨性、附着力和耐蚀性。结果表明,TiN/TiAlN双层膜的综合性能最佳,其附着力为HF1级,摩擦因数为0.455,纳米硬度为36.59GPa,表面粗糙度(Ra)为0.09μm。     

电热爆炸定向喷涂NiCr/WC-Co复合涂层的特性

用电热爆炸定向喷涂技术在45钢基体上制备了NiCr／WC-17％Co复合涂层。用扫描电镜以及能谱仪对涂层显微组织和界面情况进行了观察分析。借助纳米硬度计测定了涂层的硬度和模量。结果表明：涂层颗粒细小且分布均匀,可分辨颗粒尺寸在200～300nm;涂层致密,孔隙率为1％;涂层与基体结合良好,界面附近存在元素扩散现象;弹性模量在涂层内最大为290GPa;涂层硬度达到17．7GPa。涂层硬度和弹性模量沿横截面平稳下降,体现出了复合涂层的特征。     

纳米SiC粒子的表面处理对PTFE/纳米SiC复合材料的性能影响

对表面处理与未处理纳米SiC填充的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料进行力学与摩擦学性能测试,研究了纳米SiC含量和表面处理对复合材料力学和摩擦磨损性能的影响,用扫描电子显微镜对拉伸断面形貌进行观察,探讨了复合材料的增强机理。结果表明,未处理纳米SiC填充PTFE后,其复合材料的硬度和耐磨性均有不同程度的提高;表面处理纳米SiC后,PTFE/纳米SiC复合材料的拉伸强度、冲击强度、减摩性能均比未处理的有所提高;表面处理SiC在PTFE基体中有较好的分散性,与PTFE基体界面的结合较好,未处理纳米SiC在PTFE基体中分散性较差。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。