论公司锑冶金现状及发展方向

本文概括介绍了国内外公司的锑冶金工艺现状,简单阐述了我公司火法、湿法两种炼锑工艺存在的主要问题,结合我公司未来发展中面临的内、外因素,提出火法—湿法联合处理锑金精矿、湿法处理单一锑精矿和复杂多金属伴生锑矿的锑冶炼发展方向。     

钼镍矿综合利用工艺现状及趋势

钼镍矿是一种以钼镍为主的多金属共伴生原矿,具有较高经济价值,如何综合回收利用该矿物对我国国民经济有着重要意义.分析了钼镍矿的选矿、火法冶金、焙烧—浸出、全湿法冶金处理工艺现状,目前,钼镍矿的主要工艺为焙烧—浸出工艺,这类工艺存在着SO2污染环境的问题;未来钼镍矿处理工艺将朝着低能耗、低污染、高回收率以及综合回收利用的全湿法冶金工艺方向发展.     

湿法冶金的历史、现状和前景

本文评述了湿法冶金在过去和现在所取得的进展。从历史上看,湿法冶金中的各种革新都是近代作出的,是由于采用了电能和特殊结构材料的结果,例如,电能和特殊结构材料的应用导致后来出现了提取与纯化用的各种电解流程以及加压湿法冶金方法。虽然用湿法冶金方法处理各种精矿在能量利用方面是无法与大部分火法冶金方法相竞争的,但是用湿法冶金方法处理低品位矿石则是有着比较明确的作用的,而且,用它来处理复杂的、混合硫化物矿石也是有潜力的。湿法冶金方法与火法冶金方法相结合也可能找到某些特殊的用途。本文介绍了一些可能会导致今后出现新的进展的看法。     

辉钼精矿提取冶金技术研究进展

为使钼冶炼从业者对钼冶金技术有更全面、更系统的认识,本文对辉钼精矿提取冶金工艺进行了评述,系统介绍了辉钼精矿提取冶金工艺的原理及工艺流程,指出了各工艺的优缺点和辉钼精矿提取冶金技术发展需解决的问题和努力的方向。在火法氧化分解工艺中,碳酸钙焙烧-铵盐浸出生产钼酸铵工艺技术可实现溶液循环和浸出渣循环,大幅降低辅助材料的单耗和低浓度SO2烟气治理难度,无工艺废水排放,有望成为新一代钼冶炼清洁生产新技术;在全湿法氧化分解工艺中,氧压水浸法分解辉钼矿解决了氧化剂昂贵、浸出介质大量消耗和浸出液中钼难以高效经济回收等制约湿法处理辉钼矿工艺应用的难题,为全湿法处理辉钼矿提供新思路。     

多金属硫化矿含金矿石选矿工艺流程试验研究

通过对三种多金属硫化矿含金矿石的选矿工艺试验研究,总结论述了采用混合浮选－精矿氰化－浸渣分选工艺流程处理此类矿石的技术经济可行性,并对伴生元素的综合回收进行了经济评价,为多金属硫化矿含金矿石的选矿提供了可借鉴的经验。     

镍钼矿处理工艺研究现状

随着高品位镍、钼资源的开发日益匮乏,高效低成本开发利用镍钼矿具有重要的意义。根据镍钼矿的资源状况及特点,介绍了不同的处理工艺,归纳起来大致有选矿工艺、火法冶金工艺和湿法冶金工艺等,对当前的各种工艺进行综述及展望,认为全湿法流程较有优势,以及提出现有镍钼矿处理工艺中存在的一些问题,并展望了镍钼矿处理工艺的发展趋势。     

锑冶金固废处置现状

目前锑火法冶金主要采用传统鼓风炉和反射炉技术,冶炼过程产生大量冶金固废,如熔炼渣、砷碱渣、除铅渣,其危害性大,难以资源化回收和无害化处理,已成为制约锑冶炼企业发展的瓶颈问题。文中溯源了锑冶金固废产生途径,分析了固废处理工艺现状：熔炼渣堆存量大,烟化处理能耗高,分离效果不理想;砷碱渣以湿法处理为主,浸出实现锑、砷分离,含砷浸出液固化处理后堆存或填埋;除铅渣火法处理工艺铅、锑元素分离不彻底,未实现对磷酸盐的回收,湿法处理工艺流程长,工业化应用较少。因此迫切需要开发锑绿色冶金与固废资源化新方法,实现锑清洁高效提取及冶金固废源头减量与资源化回收。     

镍钼矿处理工艺的研究现状

分析介绍了镍钼矿的矿物组成特点,综合评价了镍钼矿处理工艺的研究现状,对比了镍钼矿湿法冶金工艺与火法冶金工艺的优缺点。提出采用湿法冶金工艺处理镍钼矿在很多方面都优于火法冶金工艺,以及现有镍钼矿冶金工艺中存在的一些问题,并展望了镍钼矿处理工艺的发展趋势。     

钨生产方法的改进与发展新趋势

钨的湿法冶金最新成就可能改变钨生产与加工的传统方法。为了充分回收低品位矿石中的金属以及处理复杂矿石,湿法冶金过程中广泛采用压煮、吸附和萃取方法。本文叙述了钨生产的综合处理流程,特别着重叙述工艺方面的新进展。     

复杂银精矿提银研究概况

复杂银精矿通常不适合现有的冶炼厂处理，独立的银矿山难以销售其复杂银精产品，为此，人们提出了各种湿法冶金工艺处理这类矿石。本文概述了这些提银方法，简要分析了各工艺的技术特点。     

Processing mineral raw materials in Siberia: ores of molybdenum,tungsten, lead and gold

Problems related to the processing of mineral raw materials from Siberia (i.e. molybdenum-, tungsten-, lead- and gold-containing ores and concentrates) are reviewed. It is shown that hydrometallurgical methods for processing such raw materials are more advantageous than pyrometallurgical ones. For example, hydrometallurgical treatment of molybdenum and tungsten concentrates can be used industrially. Studies have shown that the recovery and concentration of molybdenum and tungsten from leach solutions can be effectively carried out using macroporous anion exchangers. Other studies show that nitric acid/iron(III) solutions are most efficient for leaching lead from lead sulfide concentrates. Metallic lead as well as lead-containing compounds can be produced by electrolysis of lead nitrate leach solutions. These solutions also provide a hydrometallurgical method for the oxidation of pyrite and arsenopyrite in gold-containing raw materials prior to the recovery of gold by complex-forming reactants. Salt decomposition of sulfides and dissolution of gold by non-cyanide complex-forming reagents can be used also for the recovery of gold from refractory arsenopyrite concentrates. Hydrometallurgical technologies recover about 93–98% of metals. Moreover, it is quite easy to improve production efficiency by modifying the design of the industrial equipment and by preventing the formation of environmentally harmful products.     

Hydrometallurgical Methods of Recycling Interelectrode Slime

Hydrometallurgical methods have been developed for recycling anode slime from the electrolysis of copper. The methods eliminate the need for the production and electrolytic refining of Dorr alloys and the use of costly systems for cleaning the process gases and processing large quantities of by-products. The commercial products of the new methods are metallic gold and silver (99.99%) and concentrates of nonferrous metals.     

Recent Trends in the Processing of Enargite Concentrates

The copper industry is witnessing great interest in the development and utilization of copper-arsenic deposits. While most plants tend to use traditional processing technologies, the depletion of conventional copper ores has created competition for designing and implementing new process alternatives for the treatment of copper-arsenic ores containing minerals such as enargite, luzonite, and tennantite. Nevertheless, the downstream processing of high-arsenic copper concentrates represents a significant metallurgical challenge in terms of both arsenic separation and also its stabilization in an environmentally benign form that fulfills the current and future environmental policies. Smelters are subject to penalties on high arsenic-bearing copper concentrates. While reductive roasting can drive-off the arsenic from enargite concentrates to an acceptable level suitable for smelting (<0.5 wt.%), this option has generally been viewed as unacceptable due to environmental conflicts and the lack of a market for arsenic trioxide. The lack of a suitable pyrometallurgical option has led to several proposed hydrometallurgical treatments of enargite concentrates. Hydrometallurgical options include either selective arsenic dissolution to produce a clean copper concentrate or collective leaching of copper and arsenic. Both options with various conditions and lixiviants are discussed and evaluated. In this review, alkaline sulfide leach (ASL), sulfate- and chloride-based leach systems, high temperature pressure oxidation (HTPOX), sodium hypochlorite leach, bio-leach/oxidation, nitrogen species catalyzed pressure oxidation, Cominco Engineering Services Limited, Intec, HydroCopper? and Fluobor® processes are outlined. Pyrometallurgical process strategies have also been briefly reviewed. Among all processing options, ASL, HTPOX, Fluobor® and reductive roasting processes are given special attention with specific flowsheets for enargite concentrates discussed.     

铜矿石和精矿氮类物催化加压浸出的应用与经济估算

目前评估生产铜的新处理方法兴趣日益浓厚。铜矿石和精矿湿法加压氧化是一种环境友好、经济上可行的方法。几种侯选工艺已经出现,目前正在以中间工厂或生产规模应用。其中,第一个已经工业生产验证的方法是氧压浸出中采用氯类物催化（NSC）,通过SX—EX生产铜。该法具有很多优点,是一种很有应用前景的方法。本文介绍了该工艺的最新进展,工艺开发史及在铜精矿和铜矿石中的应用,重点讨论了从黄铜矿精矿中有效回收贵金属的无氰化物方法。最后,介绍了两个最新工业应用研究及其现场经济估算．     

Non-cyanide Leaching Processes in Gold Hydrometallurgy and Iodine-Iodide Applications: A Review

Gold is one of the most important sources of currency entry in the economics of any state. Besides mining raw materials, fit for effective gold extraction, residues of gold extraction factories are the source of this precious metal. Moreover, the role of industrial wastes, which has a rich source of nonferrous and noble metals, increases. Processing expediency of complicated wastes is determined by their harmful ecological influence on the environment. Involving to processing of gold, the enumerated sources demands the use of high leading technologies, taking into account the variety of their composition. One of the ways of increasing effectiveness of processing the gold-containing materials may be introduction of direct hydrometallurgy processes. Hydrometallurgical methods of processing differ in low power capacity, simplicity of implement process, decreasing pollution of the environment. It is necessary for this not only to sort out selective solvents, but also to elaborate methods of regeneration and recycling of the used solutions and solvents. At present leaching of gold-containing raw materials by cyanide is the main hydrometallurgical process and the main advantage of cyanide is high selectivity with regard to gold. However, leaching by cyanide solutions has a set of substantial drawbacks: process duration, high cost of the reagent, nonadaptability of “stubborn” ores and concentrates, absence of possible regeneration of cyanide solutions and the main thing is high toxicity of cyanide compounds. Therefore elaboration of new hydrometallurgical methods of extracting gold using selective nontoxic reagents, in particular, iodine solutions is important scientific and practical task.     

钼矿预选脱除滑石

栾川上房沟钼矿，经过预选试验，能产出铁精矿，脱除滑石，降低选矿成本。     

矿浆电解法提取银精矿有价金属

以广西富产的高砷、高锑凤凰山银精矿粉为原料,根据矿粉的组成特征及矿石矿物的特征,通过试验摸索出适于后续加工的预处理工艺及条件设计,同时研究了电解过程中各有价金属元素浸出规律,并进行了中试。银精矿中银的提取率达到95%以上,各种有价金属得到了很好的浸出。     

洛钼集团5000t/d精选CCF浮选柱应用

洛钼集团为满足日益扩大的钼精矿出口需要,不断增加选矿二公司51%高品位钼精矿计划。对5 000 t/d选矿车间精选工艺进行较大规模改造,采用CCF浮选柱作为精选后续作业,改造后运行实践表明,精矿品位得到了大幅度提高,达到了设计要求,取得了较为满意的效果。钼精矿质量完全符合国家和企业标准。     

Application of stirred mill to upgrading of graphite concentrate by flotation

It is difficult to obtain high-grade concentrates for layered minerals, such as graphite, by mineral processing due to the existence of impurities between interlayers. Conventional grinding mills are inefficient in liberating the mineral layers. Upgrading a graphite concentrate by re-grinding with a designed stirred mill is investigated in this paper. Better liberation of mineral layers was achieved, compared with a ball mill and a rod mill. Through re-grinding with the stirred mill followed by a two-stage cleaning flotation process, a low-grade graphite concentrate containing 84.59% fixed carbon could be refined to a high-quality concentrate containing 98.62% fixed carbon with a graphite recovery of 94.15%. It is demonstrated that the stirred mill is more suitable for selective grinding, mineral flake protection and upgrading of layered minerals.     

Novel reagents for iron and sulphur control in medium temperature leaching of sulphide concentrates

Hydrometallurgical leaching of sulphide concentrates of copper and nickel at medium temperature (150°C) produces residues that contain sulphur and iron-bearing minerals and phases. During leaching, and depending on various process parameters, iron may be precipitated as hematite, goethite, jarosite or other oxyhydroxides, which may be more or less crystalline. Hematite is the favoured iron precipitate, because it is the most environmentally stable and does not ad/absorb as much copper, nickel or other solution constituents during precipitation. However, the low solubility of iron during the medium temperature processing of sulphide ores can favour the formation of poorly crystalline, nano-scale iron oxide/oxyhydroxide phases. In some cases, these phases have been positively identified as the metastable ferrihydrite, which transforms into iron oxides such as goethite, hematite and magnetite over time. A better understanding of what may help drive this transformation during leaching would ultimately result in lower valuable metal losses and more stable leach residues. Higher acid concentrations result in increased copper extractions and favour the formation of hematite during concentrate leaching, rather than other metastable phases. Furthermore, commercially available water displacement formula ‘WD40®’ and other novel reagent(s) affect Fe precipitation and sulphur chemistry, leading to very different process outcomes such as improved extractions and larger, more easily separated, sulphur particles.