混合二元酸中丁二酸的分离

用溶剂浸取精制混合二元酸分离出丁二酸。分离工艺条件:浸取温度为88℃,浸取时间为1h,溶剂与二元酸的质量比为6.61。在上述工艺条件下分离得到的丁二酸纯度为99%,丁二酸的收率为61.76%。     

浸取/气相色谱法表征发射药中钝感剂的浓度分布

采用丙酮石油醚混合溶剂为浸取液浸泡发射药,用气相色谱测定不同时刻从发射药中浸取出来的樟脑,用浸取液中的樟脑浓度c与浸取时间t的关系曲线表征发射药中的樟脑浓度分布。重复实验结果表明,对同一发射药样品。在确定的浸取条件下,浸取曲线重复性一致,浸取曲线仅由发射药中樟脑的浓度分布来确定。实验结果表明,当樟脑的浓度分布变化时,浸取曲线也发生相应变化。因此,可以用浸取／气相色谱法来表征发射药中钝感剂樟脑的浓度分布。     

二氧化碳在二甲基甲酰胺及其水溶液中溶解度的测定

采用低压容量法气液平衡测定仪测定了不同温度下CO_2在纯水、纯二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)及其混合溶剂中的溶解度,并计算了Henry常数和Ostwald系数。该装置适用于恒温(室温以上)常压下的气体在纯溶剂和混合溶剂中的气液平衡数据测定。     

万寿菊中叶黄素的分离和稳定性改进

用四氢呋喃和95%乙醇的混合溶剂提取万寿菊干花,数小时后将提取液浓缩,用KOH乙醇溶液皂化浓缩液。调节皂化液pH值至中性,过滤后用50%的乙醇淋洗滤渣得到低纯度的叶黄素浸膏。叶黄素浸膏重结晶后获得高纯度的叶黄素晶体。经高效液相检测叶黄素晶体纯度在92%以上。叶黄素不溶于水,对光和高温不稳定。用不同分子量的聚乙二醇包裹叶黄素,发现聚乙二醇2000和聚乙二醇4000包裹叶黄素所得微球水溶性增强,对光和热的稳定性变好。     

叶黄素皂化提纯工艺的优化

叶黄素是一种含氧类胡萝卜素,在万寿菊中的含量最高,广泛应用于饲料和食品中。本文研究了以万寿菊提取物为原料,首先经过皂化,再进行精制和重结晶,主要考察了精制的溶剂、温度和条件,重结晶的体系和条件等对叶黄素含量的影响,同时提高其含量,获得高纯度叶黄素。     

超声波辅助提取万寿菊中叶黄素的工艺研究

叶黄素是一种重要的抗氧剂,对视力有很好的保护作用。万寿菊花瓣中的叶黄素含量很高,是叶黄素提取的理想原料。超声波的空化效应可以破坏植物细胞而使溶剂渗透入植物细胞,加速细胞内物质的释放以达到缩短提取时间和提高提取效率的目的。本实验主要考察超声时间,超声功率,提取温度和料液比等因素对叶黄素提取效率的影响。     

浸取法制造硬度变化医用聚氯乙烯导管

通过对浸取法制造硬度变化医用聚氯乙烯（ＰＶＣ）导管的探索研究，发现溶剂种类、增塑剂含量、浸取时间、试样厚度等都能显著地影响浸取；对邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（ＤＯＰ）增塑的ＰＶＣ软管，借助于选择适当的浸取溶剂和浸取工艺，进行部分浸取处理，可有效地改变体系中的ＤＯＰ含量，从而实现同一导管纵向上的硬度变化。     

由甘蔗制糖滤泥浸取天然高级烷醇

采用二次溶剂浸取法,以氨水作为一次浸取溶剂,石油醚作为二次浸取溶剂,从甘蔗制糖滤泥中浸取天然高级烷醇,研究了反应温度、反应时间、溶剂浓度等因素对天然高级烷醇浸出率的影响. 结果表明,以25%~28%的氨水溶液作为一次浸取溶剂,在90℃的条件下浸取滤泥3 h,然后再用石油醚作为二次浸取溶剂,在60℃的条件下浸取上步所得的滤渣2 h,高级烷醇的总浸出率可达90%左右.     

从报废发烟剂中浸取回收六氯乙烷

利用溶剂浸取分离法,研究了不同浸取溶剂种类、液固比、反应温度、反应时间、转速等因素对报废发烟剂中六氯乙烷回收率的影响,并对其固液浸取动力学进行了对比研究。发现以丙酮作为浸取溶剂,液固比在20:1~40:1,转速为450 r?min?1,在298 K条件下浸取发烟剂40 min,六氯乙烷的总浸取率(浸取到液相中的物料量与固体中初始物料总量的比率)可达90%以上,该浸取过程属于属固相产物层内扩散步骤控制类型浸取法能够很好地分离六氯乙烷,是一种分离处理报废发烟剂中的各组分的有效方法。     

一种预测气体在混合溶剂中亨利常数的新方法

本文将Prausnitz提出的计算气体在混合溶剂中亨利常数的一般式中q1△项,分解为一个只与混合溶剂有关的参数A_(23)和一个只与气体在纯溶剂中亨利常数有关的常数两部分,为预测气体在混合溶剂中溶解度提供了一种新的方法。参数A_(23)由任一气体在混合溶剂中的溶解度进行估计。利用这一方法,可以从一种气体的溶解度预测其它气体在同一混合溶剂中的溶解度。在较大的温度范围内,预测了各种气体在醇—水混合溶剂中的溶解度,结果明显优于其它方法。     

褐藻糖胶的萃取和反萃

研究了无机盐种类和浓度对N263萃取褐藻糖胶的影响. 结果表明,无机盐浓度是影响褐藻糖胶萃取的最主要因素, 褐藻糖胶的萃取率随盐浓度的增加而迅速降低,在无机盐存在下,增加萃取剂浓度并不能增加对褐藻糖胶的萃取. 用盐水溶液反萃不同条件下萃取的褐藻糖胶,结果表明,反萃率随盐浓度的增加而增加,在相同的氯离子浓度下,钠盐的反萃效率优于钙盐,随有机相中褐藻糖胶浓度的增加, 盐的反萃效率降低. 比较了不同溶剂作为稀释剂对用盐溶液反萃褐藻糖胶的影响,表明CCl4作为稀释剂时盐的反萃效率最低.     

Selective Extraction of Lutein from Alcohol Treated Chlorella vulgaris by Supercritical CO2

A pretreatment process using alcohol for the removal of chlorophyll a, b and β‐carotene from Chlorella vulgaris was developed to improve the yield and selectivity of lutein in the extract obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction. Supercritical carbon dioxide extraction was carried out after pretreatment in the pressure range of 20 to 40 MPa and the temperature range of 40 to 80 °C. Ethanol and methanol were selected as elution solvents, of which ethanol was found most suitable for the elution, or pretreatment, process. The amounts of lutein and other compounds were analyzed by HPLC with the mixture of methanol and THF as the mobile phase. The amount of lutein in the extract increased with pressure, but decreased with extraction temperature. The highest recovery percentage and the selectivity of lutein were around 52.9 ± 0.02 % and 43.1 ± 0.02 %, respectively, obtained from supercritical carbon dioxide extraction with pretreatment and ethanol entrainer at 40 MPa and 40 °C.     

Anwendung von Erdalkalidodecylsulfaten zur Reinigung von mit polycyclischen aromatischen Kohlenwasserstoffen (PAK) kontaminiertem Bodenmaterial in geschlossenen Tensid‐ und Wasserkreisläufen

Sodium dodecylsulfate solutions contaminated with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), e.g. pyrene, were purified by addition of calcium or barium salt solution and precipitation of the corresponding calcium or barium dodecylsulfate. The precipitates were cleaned up using several organic solvents. Regeneration of sodium dodecylsulfate from the calcium dodecylsulfate precipitate was possible by solving the substance in an ethanol/water mixture (1:1) and precipitation of calcium hydroxide using sodium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. It was shown, that the calcium dodecylsulfate can be used directly as a tenside in a hot water solution or in an ethanol/water mixture. An extraction procedure could be developed, to remove the PAH contaminations quantitatively from the tenside solutions and concentrate them to small quantities by distillation of the organic solvents. It was demonstrated, that closed cycles of reagents in low need of energy are possible. The procedure was tested at a perylene contaminated kaolin sample.     

EXTRACTION OF METAL IONS WITH DZEHPA FROM MIXED AQUEOUS-ORGANIC MEDIA

Extraction of metal ions from the aqueous-organic solution containing dimethyl formamide(DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide(DMSO) and acetonitrile(AN) was investigated by using di-2-ethylhexyl-phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) as an extractant. The organic phase was a binary solution of D2EHPA and n-hexane, or D2EHPA and toluene, while the polar phase was a three component solution of metal salt, non-aqueous solvent and water. The extracted metal ions were Cr(III), Fe(III), Al, Cu, Ni, Co(II), Mg and Ag.

The extraction behaviors may be explained by the solvation ability of non-aqueous solvents, the decrease in distribution of the extractant and extract into the organic phase, and the interaction between the extractant and non-aqueous solvents due to the dissolution of non-aqueous solvents in the organic phase.     

蔗渣预水解液酸催化制备糠醛及其萃取分离（急）

以蔗渣为原料,在高温低酸浓度（H2SO4添加量占蔗渣绝干质量的0.176%）条件下预水解得到富含木糖的预水解糖液,再进一步深度酸解得到糠醛,并以混合有机溶剂实现了糠醛从水相中高效萃取分离。对蔗渣预水解条件、糠醛的有机溶剂萃取条件进行了探索,并采用FT-IR、XRD、SEM、TGA对蔗渣及预水解渣的形貌和结构进行了表征,利用紫外分光光度计对预水解过程中的木糖及深度酸解过程中的糠醛进行了定量检测。结果表明,在160 °C,液固比6：1,浓硫酸/蔗渣绝干质量为0.176%条件下,预水解液中木糖浓度最高（41.72 g/L）;该预水解液直接在170 °C条件下深度酸解90 min,溶液中糠醛浓度最高可达15.91 g/L,糠醛摩尔得率最高为59.60%。以v(1,2-二氯乙烷):v(正丁醇) = 9:1的比例混合有机溶剂对水溶液中糠醛进行萃取,萃取相体积比为v(有机相):v(水相) = 2:1,糠醛的萃取率可达93.53%。     

离子液体萃取分离有机物研究进展

离子液体是一种结构可调的绿色溶剂,在催化、分离和电化学等领域具有广泛应用,特别是在有机物萃取分离方面,由于其低挥发性及功能可调,避免了传统有机溶剂可能导致的VOCs二次污染,有望成为绿色高效的新型萃取剂。本文系统地综述了离子液体在萃取分离烃类化合物、有机酸、醇类、酚类以及天然产物中的应用研究进展,详细论述了离子液体萃取分离有机物的萃取机理和影响因素,离子液体与溶质分子之间强的氢键、π-π、范德华力以及静电作用使其具有良好的萃取分离能力,表明离子液体是一类可替代有机溶剂实现高效萃取分离有机化合物的潜在溶剂。针对实际工作应用,还需解决其高黏度、高成本等问题,此外萃取后离子液体的回收仍是其大规模应用而需要亟待解决的难题。     

从万寿菊中提取叶黄素油的研究

本文介绍了用萃取的方法从万寿菊中提取叶黄素油的实验过程,其中对萃取液进行了筛选,详细考察了溶剂量、时间、温度等因素对提取叶黄素油收率的影响。     

Extraction of penicillin G from aqueous solutions: Analysis of reaction equilibrium and mass transfer

Analysis of the reaction equilibrium and mass transfer in the extraction of penicillin G (Pen G) into an organic phase is an important research area to develop a cost-effective process for its separation from an aqueous fermentation media. In order to evaluate this, equilibrium experiments were first carried out to select the organic phase (composed of the carrier and solvent) that gives good values for the distribution of penicillin G between the aqueous and organic phases. An organic phase of Amberlite LA-2 in any of the solvents (Shellsol TK/butyl acetate/tributyl phosphate) gave high distribution coefficient and the stoichiometry of the reaction has been shown to follow a simple ratio of 2:2. The performance of the organic phases was evaluated in a membrane contactor and very high percentage extraction was achieved. The extraction was performed by contacting a “feed” solution containing penicillin G (flowing in the fiber side) with an “organic phase” of Amberlite LA-2 in one of the solvents (flowing on the shell side) of the contactor. The antibiotic solutes formed complex with the Amberlite LA-2 molecules which were transported across the fiber wall to the shell side and extracted in the organic phase. The extraction in once-through mode was low and the feed/organic solutions need to be recycled to increase the percentage extraction. In the recycle mode operated at flow rates of 3.6–4.4 mL/s, an extraction of 90–98% was achieved. A simple mathematical model and its semi-analytical solution presented here can be used to determine the overall mass transfer coefficient using the experimental values of the distribution coefficient, operating parameters and the dimensions of the membrane module.     

磷酸三丁酯络合萃取丁酸的研究

用络合萃取法分离极性有机稀溶液 ,具有高效性和高选择性。利用磷酸三丁酯 (TBP)为络合剂 ,分别采用甲苯、异丙基甲酮、正辛醇、煤油作为稀释剂萃取丁酸稀溶液 ,系统研究了不同稀释剂对络合萃取平衡的影响 ,最终从效能、毒性、价格等综合因素考虑 ,选用正辛醇作为稀释剂 ;分析了络合剂浓度、丁酸溶液初始浓度、溶液 pH值以及温度对络合萃取相平衡分配系数的影响 ;利用红外光谱测定了负载有机相中萃合物的结构 ;并进行了有机溶剂的再生研究