季戊四醇环氧丙烷环氧乙烷共聚醚的研究

以季戊四醇为起始剂,与环氧丙烷、环氧乙烷在一定的温度下进行嵌段共聚或无规共聚,得到一系列不同分子量及不同结构的共聚醚,发现季戊四醇与环氧丙烷或环氧丙烷和环氧乙烷的混合物进行共聚时,存在着聚合——解聚现象;讨论了影响聚醚分子量的因素及聚醚分子结构与表面活性的关系。     

木质素电氧化降解的研究

研究了电氧化降解过程中木质素磺酸盐的分子结构、功能团、分子量和表面活性的变化。结果表明,电氧化过程中木质素磺酸盐中的芳环被打开,-SO3H含量和表面活性降低,-COOH含量和分子量先增加后降低。     

相反转法制备水性环氧乳液

采用环氧树脂和非离子型表面活性剂反应，合成反应型水性环氧乳化剂，将具有表面活性的分子链段引入环氧树脂分子链中，并借助于相反转技术制备了水性环氧乳液。讨论了乳化剂结构、表面活性剂分子量、环氧树脂分子量、乳化剂用量和反应时间对乳液的稳定性及其粘度的影响。     

Ⅰ型水性环氧树脂涂料的研制

采用低分子量液体环氧树脂与非离子表面活性剂（BMJ）反应合成BMJ－环氧加成物,将表面活性链段引入到环氧树脂分子链中,然后经封端和成盐得到Ⅰ型水性环氧固化剂,研究了影响Ⅰ型水性环氧固化剂及其所配乳液涂料性能的因素,并对乳液的稳定性和固化速度,漆膜硬度等性能进行了评价。     

磺甲基化硫酸盐木素的表面活性研究

本文探索采用硫酸盐木素制备混凝土减水剂的可能性，研究了分子量和碘化度对磺甲基硫酸盐木素表面活性的影响。其结果表明，将硫酸盐木素磺甲基化能够制得一种优良的混凝土减水剂。     

表面活性离子液体的表面性能及在水溶液中聚集行为的研究进展

综述了表面活性离子液体的表面活性及在水溶液中聚集行为的主要研究成果,重点介绍了影响表面活性离子液体表面活性的因素及表面活性离子液体在水溶液中形成的有序聚集体。在此基础上,分析了表面活性离子液体的表面活性及在水溶液中的聚集行为研究存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

青霉素发酵液中生物表面活性剂的提取

采用超滤法分离青霉素发酵液中的表面活性物质,并将表面活性物质富集浓缩,再结合冷冻干燥等手段回收,得到可利用的生物表面活性剂,同时解决了青霉素发酵液乳化的问题。截留分子量为10kDa的超滤膜能有效分离料液中的表面活性物质,每升发酵液中含表面活性剂2.659g。     

疏水性聚丙烯酰胺的合成实验研究

疏水性聚丙烯酰胺是一种重要的疏水缔合水溶性聚合物,它可以通过多种方法合成。本文结合均相共聚法和表面活性大单体法2种方法,以丙烯酸和Span80为原料首先合成了一种具有表面活性的疏水缔合型单体Span80-AA,然后将Span80一AA与丙烯酰胺聚合反应合成疏水性聚丙烯酰胺,并研究了时间、引发剂浓度、溶剂配比、大单体含量和温度对疏水聚合物粘度和分子量的影响,从而得到比较合适的实验条件。     

聚合工艺条件对超高分子量聚乙烯性能的影响

通过在不同工艺条件下超高分子量聚乙烯聚合的小试试验,探讨了聚合压力、温度、催化剂浓度、助催化剂浓度以及搅拌速度等因素对超高分子量聚乙烯的影响。实验表明,各种工艺条件对超高分子量聚乙烯的分子量和机械性能有着不同程度的影响,其中以温度对分子量的影响最大;另外超高分子量聚乙烯的分子量和机械性能也存在着一定的关系。     

聚丙烯的分子量测定

聚丙烯的各种物理机械性能、耐热性能和加工性能等,均与分子量和分子量分布有密切的关系。关于聚丙烯的分子量测定已有不少的文献报导。然而,对聚丙烯分子量测定的各种影响因素的研究,尚缺乏文献报导。为了找到比较合适的条件测得较为准确可靠的聚丙烯分子量,以及在国內各生产、使用和研究单位之间,便于对其分子量进行比较,我们对聚丙烯分子量测定中的各种影响因素进行了一些研究,并选出了我们认为比较合适的条件进行了聚丙烯分子量的测定。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。