富氢原料气脱一氧化碳催化剂C-846A的开发

开发了一种富氢原料气中CO选择性氧化脱除催化剂C-846A。该催化剂贵金属用量少,使用空速高（8 500 h^-1）,在温度不高于133 ℃的条件下,可将富氢原料气中含0.13%的CO氧化脱除至100×10^-6以下。近700 h寿命试验结果表明,催化剂低温活性好,脱除精度高,性能稳定,应用前景广阔。     

燃料电池供氢系统研究进展

对燃料电池供氢系统的研究进展进行了综述,介绍了重整制氧方法、反应器类型以及富氧气体的各种净化技术.对比了蒸汽重整、部分氧化重整和自热重整3种制氢反应各自的特点,对不同反应器的研究结果及优缺点进行了分析.总结了富氢气体中CO的脱除工艺,包括选择性氧化、甲烷化、变压吸附和膜分离,其中CO选择性氧化相对其他方法更具优势.探讨了制氢过程中各种技术的特点和急需解决的问题,并对供氢系统的应用前景做了展望.     

富氢气体中CO选择性氧化的研究进展

详细概述了富氢气体中CO选择性氧化反应的贵金属和非贵金属催化剂,简要介绍了反应条件对催化剂活性的影响,指出控制催化剂的尺寸是金催化剂研究的重点,铂和其它非贵金属的抗CO2性和抗水性还有待进一步改善;通过便宜的添加剂、合适的制备方法和处理条件等手段来提高催化剂活性和选择性是有效的途径。     

PtCoK/Al2O3催化剂涂层选择性氧化脱除富氢气氛中的CO

富氢气体中选择性氧化脱除CO是去除重整气中少量CO的有效方法。该文考察了K/Pt摩尔比对PtCoK/Al2O3催化剂涂层的影响。研究发现,适量K的添加能显著提高催化剂涂层的CO去除能力,最优K/Pt摩尔比是1～1.5,超过这个配比,CO脱除能力降低。将进口气氛中O2的体积分数从1%提高到1.5%,可提高CO转化率,但是对应的CO2选择性有所下降。富氢气中同时含有H2O和CO2对催化剂涂层活性影响微弱。连续反应100 h后,PtCoK/Al2O3催化剂涂层上CO转化率几乎未降低,催化剂涂层非常稳定,表明该催化剂涂层具有较强的工业化应用前景。     

富氢气体中CO优先氧化催化剂研究进展

介绍了富氢气体中CO优先氧化贵金属与非贵金属催化剂的研究进展,包括Pt催化剂、Au催化剂和Cu催化剂等,综述了载体、助剂、预处理和制备方法等对优先氧化性能的影响,重点评述改善Pt催化剂低温活性的方法.     

渣油加氢处理过程中氢分压对杂质脱除率的影响

针对渣油加氢过程中不同功能催化剂级配装填的特点,运用渣油加氢中试装置,考察了氢分压对不同活性催化剂加氢处理产物性质的影响,分析了渣油中杂质的脱除分布规律。结果表明,在渣油加氢处理过程中,氢分压恒定时,随着加氢深度的增加,渣油中硫、氮、金属和残炭等杂质含量都降低;同一反应器中,随着氢分压升高,加氢产物中杂质含量总体呈降低趋势。随氢分压升高,渣油中各杂质的总脱除率先升高后略有降低,其中氮和残炭的总脱除率变化最明显。氮主要是在R4和R5反应器中脱除,而残炭则主要是在R2、R3和R4反席器中脱除．并日．两种杂质的脱除率随氧分压的变化旱姗不同的蛮化规律。     

富氢气体中CO优先氧化催化剂研究进展

以高纯氢为燃料的质子交换膜燃料电池广泛应用于电动汽车,但其阳极容易被富氢气体中含有的少量CO毒化,造成电池性能严重降低。富氢气体在进入燃料电池前,必须进行CO净化处理。优先氧化法是除去富氢气体中少量CO最简单经济有效的方法,常用催化剂主要有Pt系、Au系和Cu系催化剂。着重阐述负载Au催化剂的制备方法、载体调变、助剂改性以及其他因素（如反应气氛中CO与O₂浓度比、水蒸汽和CO₂等）对Au催化剂CO优先氧化反应催化性能的影响。介绍以CuO/CeO₂催化剂为典型的非贵金属氧化物催化剂用于CO优先氧化反应的研究成果以及制备方法、载体和助剂改性等对催化性能的影响和反相结构CeO₂/CuO的催化性能。考虑利用催化剂活性组分,尤其是Au与Cu之间的协同作用,选用合适的载体,进行催化剂组分的设计仍然是今后研究的热点。突破常规无定形金属氧化物作载体,通过设计合成具有特定形貌的载体,研究不同晶面和不同价态等因素对催化剂CO优先氧化催化性能的影响,也是一项很有意义的研究。     

生物质气化制富氢合成气的研究进展

生物质气化制取富氢合成气因其原料的清洁可再生性、产物应用方式的多样性被认为是最具发展前景的制氢方式之一。催化剂对调控生物质气化产物组成及焦油的裂解具有重要作用。本文综述了化石能源制氢、水分解制氢和生物质制氢方法,分析了生物质气化制氢的优势和局限性,以及存在的问题;重点介绍了生物质气化制氢的影响因素(气化剂、反应温度和催化剂)和用于生物质气化的主要催化剂种类(镍基、白云石和碱及碱土金属催化剂)及其特点,分析国内外生物质气化制取富氢合成气和催化剂的研究现状,探讨了催化气化制取富氢合成气的发展前景,提出有待解决的问题和研究方向。     

可用于富氢重整气中CO消除的负载型Ni基甲烷化催化剂研究进展

富氢重整气中微量CO会引起燃料电池中Pt电极的永久性中毒而影响燃料电池的性能,通过CO甲烷化反应是消除富氢重整气中微量CO的有效方法。介绍了近年来在CO甲烷化Ni基催化剂组成、制备方法和催化机理等方面的研究进展。阐述了载体的性质、稀土和贵金属助剂以及制备方法对CO甲烷化Ni基催化剂性能的影响。研究重点通过优化载体、组成和制备方法制备新型Ni基催化剂,使其在低温下对CO甲烷化反应有着很好的催化活性、选择性和稳定性,同时抑制高温下CO2甲烷化反应和逆水煤气反应的发生。     

优先氧化脱除氢源中CO的催化剂研究进展

氢气作为清洁、高效的二次能源具有越来越广泛的用途。当氢气作为质子交换膜燃料电池的原料时,微量一氧化碳(CO)就会明显影响燃料电池的效率和使用寿命,需进行深度脱除。简述了采用CO优先氧化法脱除氢气源中CO的催化剂研究进展,重点分析了贵金属催化剂、贵金属与非贵金属组合催化剂、铜铈催化剂及其他新型催化剂的研究现状,同时探讨了水和二氧化碳对催化剂性能的影响,并对未来CO脱除技术的发展趋势及前景进行了展望。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。