A software platform for testing intrusion detection systems

Intrusion detection systems monitor system activities to identify unauthorized use, misuse, or abuse. IDSs offer a defense when your system's vulnerabilities are exploited and do so without requiring you to replace expensive equipment. The steady growth in research on intrusion detection systems has created a demand for tools and methods to test their effectiveness. The authors have developed a software platform that both simulates intrusions and supports their systematic methodology for IDS testing     

A hybrid intrusion detection system design for computer network security

Intrusions detection systems (IDSs) are systems that try to detect attacks as they occur or after the attacks took place. IDSs collect network traffic information from some point on the network or computer system and then use this information to secure the network. Intrusion detection systems can be misuse-detection or anomaly detection based. Misuse-detection based IDSs can only detect known attacks whereas anomaly detection based IDSs can also detect new attacks by using heuristic methods. In this paper we propose a hybrid IDS by combining the two approaches in one system. The hybrid IDS is obtained by combining packet header anomaly detection (PHAD) and network traffic anomaly detection (NETAD) which are anomaly-based IDSs with the misuse-based IDS Snort which is an open-source project.The hybrid IDS obtained is evaluated using the MIT Lincoln Laboratories network traffic data (IDEVAL) as a testbed. Evaluation compares the number of attacks detected by misuse-based IDS on its own, with the hybrid IDS obtained combining anomaly-based and misuse-based IDSs and shows that the hybrid IDS is a more powerful system.     

入侵检测系统发展的研究综述

With the fast development of Internet,more and more computer security affairs appear. Researchers have developed many security mechanisms to improve computer security ,including intrusion detection (ID). This paper re-views the history of intrusion detection systems (IDS)and mainstream techniques used in IDS,showing that IDS couldimprove security only provided that it is devised based on the architecture of the target system. From this, we could see the trend of integration of host-oriented ,network-oriented and application-oriented IDSs.     

Mixing Wheat with the Chaff: Creating Useful Test Data for IDS Evaluation

As the use of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) continues to climb and as researchers find more ways to detect attacks amid a vast ocean of data. The problem of testing IDS solutions has reared its ugly bead. Showing that one technique is better than another or training an IDS about normal usage requires test data. As it turns out, collecting or creating such a data set is something of a catch-22. If the data already contains attacks, researchers will train the IDS to see the attacks as normal; the IDS could then fail to register them as malicious events in the future. The most efficient way, however, to determine whether a large data set contains malicious events is to scan it with existing IDS. Thus, any attacks that the existing IDS fails to find are presented to the new IDS as normal data leading to potential false negatives. Clearly, breaking this cycle requires an independent source of verifiable attack-free training data with which to train IDSs.     

一种基于移动Agent的抗攻击性IDS模型

随着入侵检测系统(Inhusion Detection System——IDS)性能的逐步提高，攻击者往往在入侵目标网络之前攻击IDS，使其丧失保护功能。在当前常用的分布式入侵检测系统的基础上，提出了一种能够对抗拒绝服务(Denial of Service——DoS)攻击的IDS模型，并指出了将当前的分布式IDS转换成此模型的配置方法。     

Integrating software specifications into intrusion detection

There exist a number of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) that detect computer attacks based on some defined attack scenarios. The attack scenarios or security requirements in some of these IDSs are specified in attack specification languages that are different from software specification languages. The use of two different languages for software specification and attack specification may generate redundant and conflicting requirements. The advantage of using the same language for both functional specifications and attacks specifications is that software designers can address the two different issues without learning two types of languages. We present a method of integrating Abstract State Machine Language (AsmL) and Unified Modeling Language (UML) state charts that are extended finite state machine based software specification languages, with an open source IDS Snort. This work provides AsmL and UML users an IDS that they can use without knowing how to write Snort rules. We automatically translate attack scenarios written in AsmL and UML state charts into Snort rules with context information. The original Snort is modified so that it can use the rules automatically generated by the translator. Adding context information to Snort rules improves the detection capability of Snort. To show the efficacy of the presented approach, we have built a prototype and evaluated it using a number of well-known attack scenarios.     

基于粒子群和人工免疫的混合入侵检测系统研究

目前,漏报率和误报率高一直是入侵检测系统（IDS）的主要问题,而IDS主要有误用型和异常型两种检测技术。根据这两种检测技术各自的优点以及它们的互补性,本文给出一种基于人工免疫的异常检测技术和基于粒子群优化（PSO）的误用检测技术相结合的IDS模型;同时,该系统还结合特征选择技术降低数据维度,提高系统检测性能。实验表明,该
系统具有较高的检测率和较低的误报率,可以自动更新规则库,并且记忆未知类型的攻击,是一种有效的检测方法。     

针对网络入侵检测系统的攻击及防御

Internet的使用越来越广泛,随之而来的网络安全已成为人们关注的焦点。入侵检测系统作为一种对付攻击的有效手段,已为越来越多的单位所采用。然而一旦攻击者发现目标网络中部署有入侵检测系统IDS,那么IDS往往成为他们首选的攻击目标。该文详细分析了针对网络IDS的几种攻击类型,即过载攻击、崩溃攻击和欺骗攻击,以及如何防御这些攻击,这对于IDS的设计具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Privacy issues in intrusion detection systems: A taxonomy,survey and future directions

Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) detect potential attacks by monitoring activities in computers and networks. This monitoring is carried out by collecting and analyzing data pertaining to users and organizations. The data is collected from various sources – such as system log files or network traffic–and may contain private information. Therefore, analysis of the data by an IDS can raise multiple privacy concerns. Recently, building IDSs that consider privacy issues in their design criteria in addition to classic design objectives (such as IDS’ performance and precision) has become a priority. This article proposes a taxonomy of privacy issues in IDSs which is then utilized to identify new challenges and problems in the field. In this taxonomy, we classify privacy-sensitive IDS data as input, built-in and generated data. Research prototypes are then surveyed and compared using the taxonomy. The privacy techniques used in the surveyed systems are discussed and compared based on their effects on the performance and precision of the IDS. Finally, the taxonomy and the survey are used to point out a number of areas for future research.     

Defending yourself: the role of intrusion detection systems

Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) are an important component of defensive measures protecting computer systems and networks from abuse. This article considers the role of IDSs in an organization's overall defensive posture and provides guidelines for IDS deployment, operation and maintenance     

基于局域网的入侵检测系统测试平台设计与实现

介绍了入侵检测系统(IDS)测试评估的主要内容和评估指标,对IDS评估环境中的网络流量仿真、主机使用仿真和网络攻击仿真等几个关键技术问题进行了深入分析,讨论了IDS测试评估的环境配置,提出了IDS测试评估环境的硬件平台和软件平台的技术实现,提出了基于局域网构建IDS测试平台的步骤及实现技术,对测试评估中存在的一些问题作了相应的讨论,给出了解决办法.     

A comparative evaluation of intrusion detection architectures for mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are susceptible to a variety of attacks that threaten their operation and the provided services. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) may act as defensive mechanisms, since they monitor network activities in order to detect malicious actions performed by intruders, and then initiate the appropriate countermeasures. IDS for MANETs have attracted much attention recently and thus, there are many publications that propose new IDS solutions or improvements to the existing. This paper evaluates and compares the most prominent IDS architectures for MANETs. IDS architectures are defined as the operational structures of IDSs. For each IDS, the architecture and the related functionality are briefly presented and analyzed focusing on both the operational strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, methods/techniques that have been proposed to improve the performance and the provided security services of those are evaluated and their shortcomings or weaknesses are presented. A comparison of the studied IDS architectures is carried out using a set of critical evaluation metrics, which derive from: (i) the deployment, architectural, and operational characteristics of MANETs; (ii) the special requirements of intrusion detection in MANETs; and (iii) the carried analysis that reveals the most important strengths and weaknesses of the existing IDS architectures. The evaluation metrics of IDSs are divided into two groups: the first one is related to performance and the second to security. Finally, based on the carried evaluation and comparison a set of design features and principles are presented, which have to be addressed and satisfied in future research of designing and implementing IDSs for MANETs.     

基于本体的Web服务攻击检测技术研究

Web服务在给基于异构平台的应用集成带来极大便利的同时,各核心组件也面临着被恶意攻击的威胁。目前,主要依靠入侵检测系统(IDS)来检测这些攻击,但是分布在网络中的IDS往往是由不同的厂商或组织开发的,没有用于交换知识的可被共同理解的词汇集,难以交互和协作,工作效率低且很难抵御多层次、分布式攻击。提出了一种基于本体和Web本体标准语言（OWL）的Web服务攻击分类和描述方法,通过构建Web服务攻击本体以提供不同IDS共同理解的词汇集。在此基础上,设计了一种基于Web服务攻击本体库的入侵检测系统(O-IDS),能有效弥补现有IDS难以交互的不足,提高对多层次、分布式攻击的检测能力。     

Optimizing the Scalability of Network Intrusion Detection Systems Using Mobile Agents

Modern Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs) are distributed real-time systems that detect unauthorized use or attacks upon an organization's network and/or hosts. The components of most distributed IDSs are arranged in a hierarchical tree structure, where the sensor nodes pass information to the analyzer nodes. Optimal placement of the analyzer nodes results in an improved response time for the IDS, and isolation of attacks within the IDS network. Since the network topology and workload are constantly changing, we are able to maintain near-optimal placement of the analyzer nodes by instantiating them as mobile agents. The analyzer nodes may then relocate, reproduce or be deleted as necessary. Such flexibility improves the response times and the stability of an IDS. The movement of the analyzer nodes also offers some protection against denial-of-service attacks, since secure analyzer nodes will be relocated to take over some of the functionality of the host under attack.     

基于应用环境的入侵检测系统测试方案

目前对于入侵检测系统（intrusion detection system,IDS）产品的测试还没有统一的标准,各种测评机构对于IDS的测试方法也不尽相同.从用户的角度对IDS的测试进行了讨论,提出了基于具体应用环境的IDS测试方案,并对测试流程中的网络环境分析、测试环境构建过程中用到的关键技术和解决方法进行了探讨.     

入侵检测技术的初步探究

入侵检测系统是现代网络安全的重要组成部分。入侵检测就是通过监视特定的计算机或网络,在检测可能的攻击,主要有两类入侵检测系统：基于主机的和基于网络的。前者监视整修网络或部分网段,后者监视特定的计算机。如将两类系统相结合,实时监控网络传输和系统事件,并对可疑的行为进行自动的安全响应,将最大程度地降低安全风险,保护网络的系统安全。     

Intrusion detection system: A comprehensive review

With the increasing amount of network throughput and security threat, the study of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) has received a lot of attention throughout the computer science field. Current IDSs pose challenges on not only capricious intrusion categories, but also huge computational power. Though there is a number of existing literatures to IDS issues, we attempt to give a more elaborate image for a comprehensive review. Through the extensive survey and sophisticated organization, we propose the taxonomy to outline modern IDSs. In addition, tables and figures we summarized in the content contribute to easily grasp the overall picture of IDSs.     

Projecting Cyberattacks Through Variable-Length Markov Models

Previous works in the area of network security have emphasized the creation of intrusion detection systems (IDSs) to flag malicious network traffic and computer usage, and the development of algorithms to analyze IDS alerts. One possible byproduct of correlating raw IDS data are attack tracks, which consist of ordered collections of alerts belonging to a single multistage attack. This paper presents a variable-length Markov model (VLMM) that captures the sequential properties of attack tracks, allowing for the prediction of likely future actions on ongoing attacks. The proposed approach is able to adapt to newly observed attack sequences without requiring specific network information. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance of VLMM predictors and their adaptiveness to new attack scenarios.      

基于日志的网络背景流量模拟仿真

入侵检测系统（IDS）的开发与评估需要一个仿真的网络环境，网络流量模拟仿真技术是其中关键技术之一．在详细分析了网络流量的模拟仿真技术及其相关软件基础上，设计并实现了一种基于日志的网络背景流量模拟仿真软件，解决了入侵检测系统测试中的攻击类型定义和背景流量问题，并使用谊软件模拟真实的网络环境对入侵检测系统进行测试分析，实验结果表明，基于日志的网络背景流量仿真软件能够在日志信息的基础上以不同速度动态回放网络流量仿真数据，并能够对日志数据进行修改．增加了对入侵检测系统测试的灵活性．     

Editorial: Internetware in Motion

The Internet provides a global open infrastructure for exchanging and sharing of various resource all over the world. The rapid development and wide application of the Internet makes it a new mainstream platform to use, develop, deploy and execute software systems and applications. With the vision of "Internet as a computer", many technical initiatives such as pervasive computing, grid computing, service computing and cloud computing emerges on this open and dynamic environment. In order to support the various new application styles and accommodate the fundamental change of the underlying infrastructure, many specific software technologies such as service-oriented architecture are proposed for current practices. While these technologies are useful and widely accepted, they have not formed a systematic solution as matured as the object-oriented technology, as a uniformed software methodology and technology system is yet to be developed.