夏季适宜食物及饮食禁忌

<正>适宜食物1、主食及豆类的选择:绿豆、赤豆、小米等各种主食均可,适当食用粗粮和豆制品。2、肉蛋奶的选择:猪瘦肉、牛肉、鱼肉、鸡肉、鸭肉、动物肝脏等,奶及奶制品,咸鸭蛋、咸鸡蛋、松花蛋、蛋黄等蛋类。3、蔬菜的选择:苦瓜、丝瓜、南瓜、空心菜、马兰头、番茄、蒜苗、茄子、鲜藕、绿豆芽、黄瓜、冬瓜、菜瓜、香菇、紫菜、海带等。4、水果的选择:柑橘、葡萄、草莓、西瓜、梨、甜瓜、桃、杨梅、乌梅、李、红枣等。饮食禁忌1、夏天一定要少吃太热的食物,如羊肉、狗肉等。     

让产品引领市场 让标准规范市场——第二届全国纺织品标准化技术委员会针织品分会第六次年会暨针织标准审定会纪实

岁末严冬,雪花纷飞的哈尔滨,迎接着一批特殊的客人,来自北京、上海、天津、吉林、河北、山东、浙江、江苏、湖北、福建、广东、深圳、香港等十几个省(市)的针织生产企业、     

绿茶提取物市场前景广阔

绿茶提取物的主要成分包括茶多酚、咖啡碱、芳香油、水分、矿物质、色素、碳水化合物、蛋白质、氨基酸以及多种维生素等，具有降血压、抗血凝、降血脂、降血糖、减肥、防治动脉粥样硬化、预防皮肤过敏效应、皮肤色素以及防龋牙、齿斑、牙周炎和口臭等功效。尤其是茶多酚，作为天然的抗氧化剂，具有很强的抗菌作用和抑酶作用，在食品、医药、保健等诸多方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

丰富、品质、创新——记2007中国国际珠宝展

2007年11月初的金秋,京城喜迎中国珠宝业界的年度盛会———2007中国国际珠宝展。丰富、品质、创新是本届珠宝展的特点。这场盛况空前的国内顶级珠宝展不仅国内优秀展商云集,而且还吸引了来自意大利、泰国、韩国、美国、波兰、新加坡等12个国家和地区的境外参展商。参展品牌和机构实力雄厚国内、外顶尖的展商齐聚北京。国内参展品牌有国家博物馆、老凤祥、明、钻之韵、宝怡、萃华、百泰首饰、隆进、老庙、爱得康、翠绿、周大生、卢金匠、东方晓鸣等,境外参展品牌与机构有Oro Di Roma,Tache,Moti-Ganz和IGI等。意大利代表团四度参展,惊艳…     

川莱的调味

川莱是我国主要菜系之一，它最显著的特点是味别丰富，以味多、味广、味厚、味浓著称。经常运用的具有一定代表性的复合味有鱼香、蒜泥、红油、白油、怪味、椒麻、糊辣、麻辣、豆瓣、家常、姜汁、咸鲜、酸辣、糖醋、麻酱、荔枝、芥末、咸甜等二十余种味型。味型之多原因之一，正是蜀地得天独厚，物产富饶。时菜调味原料品种颇多，如闻名国内外的郫县豆瓣、自贡市的井盐、内江的白糖、蜜饯、保宁醋、叙府芽莱、资中冬莱、涪陵榨菜、潼川豆豉、富林花椒、唐场豆腐乳，金堂及仁寿韵干红辣椒、四川泡菜等都是川莱的调味佳品。     

酿酒学的奥秘

法国拉曼集团（LALLEMANDS．A．）是总部设在MONTREAL的拉曼财团（LAL-LEMAND）下的一家专门从事葡萄酒、果酒等酿用辅料的研究、开发及产品生产和销售的巨型跨国集团。它始建于1872年，距今已有100多年的历史，并在法国、意大利、西班牙、丹麦、葡萄牙、德国、瑞士、奥地利、希腊、南非、美国、加拿人、阿根廷、澳大利亚、新西兰、口本、中国等众多国家设有研究开发中心、实验室、大规模生产基地、工厂、办事机构、代表处等。     

和田玉的地域文化『苏帮玉雕』传承人瞿利军的玉雕风格㈤

我们的祖先使用玉器,其功能大致为以下几个方面：1、礼仪和宗教、巫术活动用玉。如璧、琮、圭、璋、璜、剑、玺、带、佩等。这类玉器是古代玉器的重要组成部分。玉礼器是中国“礼乐文明”的重要载体之一;2、丧葬用玉。如冶、握、塞、玉衣等;3、装饰佩戴用玉。如坠、块、珠、管、环、镯,以及有使用价值的扳指、梳、带钩、剑首、剑格、如意等。     

中国菜好吃的奥妙

在我国,烹调是一种技能,也是一种艺术,甚至可以说也是物质文明和精神文明相结合的产物。"中国菜好吃",这已是各国友人在宴席之上,餐厅之外异口同声的赞誉。"中国菜好吃"奥妙在哪里呢?1.技法多样:中国菜的烹调技法多达数十种,如炒、爆、烹、炸、溜、烩、煎、贴、烧、焖、扒、蒸、烤、涮、汆、炖、煨、酱、卤、熏、拌、炝、煮、熬以及甜菜的拔丝、蜜汁、挂霜等,各种技法各有各的独特风味。2.花样多:中国菜的花样没有精确统计过,但至少在万种以上。仅以山东、四川、湖南、江苏、广东五大风味菜系来看,就有名菜数千种,如同百花争艳,美不胜收。有些国际友人说:"吃中国菜是一种令人难忘的     

越南基巧红宝石中的包裹体及其成因

展示了对越南基巧红宝石中包裹体的研究成果. 用光学显微镜检测了这些包裹体的特征. 采用拉曼散射法和扫描电子探针分析了包裹体的成分.在该类红宝石中发现了锐钛矿、红柱石、钙长石、磷灰石、黑云母、一水软铝石、板钛矿、方解石、刚玉、硬水铝石、白云石、石墨、珍珠云母、白云母、金云母、黄铁矿、金红石、锆石、黝帘石包裹体组合. 描述了该类红宝石多相包裹体中气-液相与负晶的成分, 讨论了主晶红宝石的形成条件.     

国家监督抽查白酒的结果

近期国家质量监督检验检疫总局对贵州、四川、江西、江苏、内蒙、安徽、陕西、河北、重庆、山西、浙江、河南、广东、广西、山东、湖北、甘肃、上海、湖南、福建等20个省、自治区、直辖市80家企业生产的80种白酒产品进行了国家监督抽查。产品抽样合格率88．8％，本次抽查的卫生指标整体质量较好，大中型企业的产品质量继续保持稳定。     

纺纱牵伸胶辊胶圈应用技术概要

阐述棉纺牵伸胶辊、胶圈的应用技术和牵伸原理,重点探讨了胶辊、胶圈的牵伸工艺特性及其合理配置、胶辊制作、周期管理、质量管理、使用管理、产品缺陷与其机械波分析、纺纱环境和挡车工操作水平对纺纱性能的影响,提出胶辊、胶圈有关机件的质量要求等。     

Religious slaughter: Evaluation of current practices in selected countries

As part of the project “Religious slaughter (DIALREL): improving knowledge and expertise through dialogue and debate on issues of welfare, legislation and socio-economic aspects”, this paper discusses an evaluation of current practices during Halal and Shechita slaughter in cattle, sheep, goats and poultry. During religious slaughter, animals are killed with and without stunning by a transverse incision across the neck that is cutting the skin, muscles (brachiocephalic, sternocephalic, sternohyoid, and sternothyroid), trachea, esophagus, carotid arteries, jugular veins and the major, superficial and deep nerves of the cervical plexus. In this report, the restraint methods, stunning, neck cutting, exsanguination, slaughter techniques and postcut handling in the abattoir were assessed for religious slaughter. Information about the procedures used during religious slaughter in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Spain, the UK, Turkey and Australia was collected by means of spot visits to abattoirs. To standardize the information gathered during the spot visits three guidelines were designed, one for each species, and translated into the national languages of the countries involved. The document included questions on the handling and restraint methods (stunning, neck cutting/exsanguination/slaughter techniques and postcut handling performed under religious practices) and for pain and distress of the animal during the restraint, neck cutting and induction to death in each abattoir. Results showed differences in the time from restraining to stun and to cut in the neck cutting procedures and in the time from cut to death.     

纸质文献保存和修复方法专利技术综述

通过对纸质文献保存和修复领域专利技术文献的收集、分析、标引和梳理,分析了该领域专利技术分布及专利申请情况,分别探析了脱酸、修补、加固、装裱4种技术的专利技术演进路线,最后对该领域专利技术进行了总结。     

Human risk assessment and TEFs

The concept of toxic equivalency factors (TEFs) has been developed to facilitate risk assessment and regulatory control of exposure to complex PCDD, PCDF and PCB mixtures. Recently the European Centre for Environment and Health of the World Health Organization (WHO-ECEH) and the International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS) jointly reevaluated the TEFs of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs for mammals and derived consensus TEFs for birds and fish (Stockholm, 1997). From a mechanistic point of view it can be concluded that, although the quantitative response will vary depending on the congener involved, the occurrence of a common mechanism (binding to the Ah receptor) legitimates the use of the TEF concept across species. But there also is criticism regarding the TEF concept. Pharmacokinetic differences between species can significantly influence the TEF value, and uncertainties due to additive or nonadditive interactions, to differences in species responsiveness and to differences in the shape of the dose response curve might hamper the derivation of consensus TEF values. In this context it should be noted, however, that using TCDD alone, as the only measure of exposure to dioxin-like PCDDs, PCDFs and PCBs, would severely underestimate the risk from exposure to these compounds. Therefore, it can be concluded that, for pragmatic reasons, the TEF concept remains the most feasible approach for risk assessment purposes, in spite of the uncertainties associated with its use.     

貂绒纤维的基本性能

通过貂绒纤维与山羊绒、骆驼绒纤维的对比,着重就貂绒的形态结构、密度、长度、细度、摩擦性能、卷曲、强力以及纤维的保暖性能等进行了研究。研究表明:貂绒纤维不同于山羊绒纤维,貂绒纤维含有髓质层,进而使得纤维的密度和断裂强度比山羊绒和驼绒小;而对于貂绒的其他基本性能:长度、细度、卷曲度和保暖性等均与山羊绒纤维类似,但与驼绒纤维却有着较大差异。由此可知,貂绒纤维与山羊绒纤维有类似的优良性能,在毛纺上有很高的利用价值。     

浅析我国液体牛奶市场消费状况

分析了2001年全国液体牛奶的市场状态和消费结构。在对液体牛奶的市场分析中，叙述了各知名品牌的市场占有率变化；消费者对最佳品牌的认同情况；市场集中度的变化趋势以及WTO对中国液体牛奶市场的影响等。在对液本牛奶的消费分析中，着重阐述了消费者的购买决策影响因素、购物场所的选择、消费频次、饮用类型、饮用时段、饮用场合、饮用目的等方面观点。     

Effect of common and new gums on the quality,physical, and textural properties of bakery products: A review

Hydrocolloids (gums) have a good functional characteristic such as emulsifying, gelling, solubility, and textural improvement. In the bakery products, hydrocolloids were used to improving dough performance, bread and cake characteristics, sensorial quality, and extension the products shelf life. Several studies reported the potential use of hydrocolloids in breads, biscuits, cakes, and pasta formulation. The present review summarized the effect of the most common and new hydrocolloids (xanthan, guar, Arabic, carrageenan, karaya, alginate, acacia, methylcellulose, carboxy methyl cellulose, hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose, locust bean, balangu seed, wild sage seed, basil seed, and cress seed gums) on the rheological, physicochemical, textural, and quality characteristics of bakery products. Gums addition improved volume and porosity of the breads and cakes. Gums influence on the gelatinization and retrogradation of starch and decreased the retrogradation of starch. In the bakery products, hydrocolloids were used to improving mixing and increasing the shelf life of the products through moisture preservation and avoidance of syneresis in some frozen foods. This study summarized the influence of the most common and new hydrocolloids on the rheological, physicochemical, textural, and quality characteristics of bakery products. Addition of seeds gum to the breads, biscuits, cakes, and pasta formula led to an increase in the viscosity of the batter. Also, the firmness of bakery products showed that they became softer with increasing gum levels.     

丹蒽醌对氧化脱胶苎麻纤维理化性能的调控

为解决苎麻氧化脱胶中纤维容易被过度氧化而性能受损的问题,在氧化脱胶液中添加了具有纤维素和半纤维素保护效果的试剂 1,8-二羟基蒽醌（丹蒽醌）,并通过调节1,8-二羟基蒽醌的用量实现了对苎麻纤维理化性能（强伸性能、聚合度、半纤维素含量、制成率等）的调控。结果表明,1,8-二羟基蒽醌用量越高,纤维中半纤维素含量、制成率越高;但纤维强伸性能随1,8-二羟基蒽醌含量先升高后降低;当1,8-二羟基蒽醌的用量为2 %时,脱胶的综合效果最佳,此时纤维的断裂功、聚合度、半纤维素含量、制成率比不使用1,8-二羟基蒽醌时分别提高了41.0%、2.0%、17.3%、7.0%;此外,使用1,8-二羟基蒽醌后,脱胶废水的COD值降低了40%,大幅度提高了氧化脱胶工艺的环保性。     

Enhancement of Food Processes by Ultrasound: A Review

In food processing, the applications of ultrasound can be divided into two categories, namely replacing traditional technologies and assisting traditional technologies. In the latter case, the processing efficiency is enhanced and the disadvantageous of traditional technologies during processing are improved. These ultrasonic effects can be defined as ultrasonic enhancement of food processes. This review is focused on the use of ultrasound to enhance various food processes, including extraction, freezing, thawing, brining, oxidation, filtration, and drying/dehydration. The major functions of ultrasound in enhancing these processes and the factors which can affect the ultrasonic enhancement are elucidated. In the meantime, the strategies of modeling these processes enhanced by ultrasound are provided. Future studies should pay more attention to elucidate the ultrasonic effects during freezing, thawing, brining, oxidation, and filtration processes. Furthermore, when it comes to design the ultrasound equipment at the industrial level, it is better to quantify the ultrasonic effects through numerical stimulation.     

乙烯基类聚合物鞣剂共单体种类配比与应用性能相关性的研究

采用单因素二次回归正交试验研究了乙烯基类聚合物鞣剂共单体种类、配比与应用性能的相关性,通过比较不同共单体及其不同配比的乙烯基聚合物鞣剂复鞣革样与对比革样的性能,得到了不同共单体对鞣剂应用性能的贡献。结果表明：含极性基团的共单体有利于复鞣革样抗张强度、耐湿热稳定性的提高,但影响革样的柔软性和革样胶原纤维的柔韧性;共单体丙烯酰胺对复鞣革样的丰满性具有特殊的贡献,鞣剂分子中引入丙烯酸酯类共单体有利于复鞣