Smoothing vocal signal spectrum

Proposed was a method of smoothing the spectrum of vocal signal which is based on the histogram analysis of the peaks of the spectral envelope and represents a variety of the frequency analysis that is synchronous with the main tone. Its application was demonstrated by way of examples of the real vocal signals.     

Training neural networks with additive noise in the desired signal

A global optimization strategy for training adaptive systems such as neural networks and adaptive filters (finite or infinite impulse response) is proposed. Instead of adding random noise to the weights as proposed in the past, additive random noise is injected directly into the desired signal. Experimental results show that this procedure also speeds up greatly the backpropagation algorithm. The method is very easy to implement in practice, preserving the backpropagation algorithm and requiring a single random generator with a monotonically decreasing step size per output channel. Hence, this is an ideal strategy to speed up supervised learning, and avoid local minima entrapment when the noise variance is appropriately scheduled.     

Atomic self-consistent-field program by the basis set expansion method: Columbus version

A revised and extended (Columbus) version of the Chicago atomic self-consistent-field (Hartree-Fock) program of 1963 is described. Its principal present use is in developing Gaussian basis sets for molecular calculations. Complete memory allocation (using Fortran 90) has been added as well as improved integral formulas and efficient and simple programming features. Energy-expression coefficients have been added sufficient to treat the ground states of all atoms to the extent that Russell-Saunders (LS) coupling applies. Excited states with large angular-momentum orbitals can be treated. Relativistic effects can be included to the extent possible with relativistic effective core potentials. A review of earlier work is included.

Program summary

Program title: atmscfCatalogue identifier: ADVRProgram summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADVRProgram available from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. IrelandProgramming language: Fortran 90Computer: Sun, SGI, PCOperating system: Solaris, Irix, LinuxRAM: 10 MbytesNo. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 2113No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 15 379Distribution format: tar.gzNature of problem: Energies and wave functions, at the Hartree-Fock levelSolution method: Expansions in Gaussian or Slater functions. Iterative minimization of the total energy. Optimization of exponential parameters. Used frequently for developing Gaussian basis sets for molecular useRunning time: Typical 30 s per calculation     

Unscented Kalman filtering in the additive noise case

The unscented Kalman filter(UKF) has four implementations in the additive noise case,according to whether the state is augmented with noise vectors and whether a new set of sigma points is redrawn from the predicted state(which is so-called resampling) for the observation prediction.This paper concerns the differences of performances for those implementations,such as accuracy,adaptability,computational complexity,etc.The conditionally equivalent relationships between the augmented and non-augmented unscente...     

应用独立分量分析提高动态光谱法的信噪比

为了提高动态光谱法的信噪比,针对动态光谱信号的特点和计算需求引入了独立分量分析（ICA）方法,基于负熵判据提出了ICA算法应用的具体实现步骤,进行了相关实验并对结果进行了讨论。结果证明,ICA算法可以在需要较少样本量的情况下有效降低动态光谱法中的噪声,相对于传统的相干平均方法,该方法可在提高信噪比的同时,提高动态光谱法的波长分辨率,为光谱数据的后期处理提供了可靠保证。     

On the reliability exponent of the additive exponential noise channel

We study the reliability exponent of the additive exponential noise channel (AENC) in the absence as well as in the presence of noiseless feedback. For rates above the critical rate, the fixed-transmission-time reliability exponent of the AENC is completely determined, while below the critical rate an expurgated exponent is obtained. Using a fixed-block-length code ensemble (with block length denoting the number of recorded departures), we obtain a lower bound on the random-transmission-time reliability exponent of the AENC. Finally, with a variable-block-length code ensemble, a lower bound on the random-transmission-time zero-error capacity of the AENC with noiseless feedback is obtained.     

Spectral collocation method for stochastic Burgers equation driven by additive noise

Almost nothing decisive has been said about collocation methods for solving SPDEs. Among the best of such SPDEs the Burgers equation shows a prototypical model for describing the interaction between the reaction mechanism, convection effect, and diffusion transport. This paper discusses spectral collocation method to reduce stochastic Burgers equation to a system of stochastic ordinary differential equations (SODEs). The resulting SODEs system is then solved by an explicit 3-stage stochastic Runge-Kutta method of strong order one. The convergence rate of Fourier collocation method for Burgers equation is also obtained. Some numerical experiments are included to show the performance of the method.     

Technical diagnostics of electromechanical systems based on the analysis of distorted output signal

A rectangular signal is supplied to the input of an electromechanical system to perform technical diagnostics of the latter. Passing the system, the signal undergoes certain changes caused by modified state of the object. The state variation estimating algorithm involves the energy of the output signal. Energy deviation from a reference value is computed by the metric method.     

Crosscorrelation between linearly and nonlinearly distorted versions of a given signal

A given deterministic signal x(.) is distorted by passing it through a linear time-invariant filter and also by subjecting it to the action of an instantaneous nonlinearity. The resulting time crosscorrelation of the two distorted versions of the original signal is expressed by the function

$\text{R}{}_2\text{(s)?∫}{}_{\mathrm{?\infty }}{}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\text{?∫}{}_{\mathrm{?\infty }}{}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\text{g[x(t)]k(t?t′)x(t?s)dt dt′}$

, where x(.) is the given signal, k(.) is the nonnegative definite impulse response of the linear filter, and g(.) is the output-input characteristic of the zero-memory nonlinear device. The problem considered is that of determining conditions on the pair (x,g) such that R₂(s) ? R₂(0) for all s and any choice of nonnegative definite filter function k; the principal result is the formulation of a necessary and sufficient condition for R₂ to have a global maximum at the origin. In particular, the peak value occurs at the origin if and only if $\text{G}{}_{\mathrm{x}}{}^1\text{(ω)X(ω)}$ is real and nonnegative for all ω ? 0, where G_x(.) and X(.) are the Fourier transforms of g[x(.)] and x(.), respectively. An equivalent condition is that the correlation function

$\text{R}{}_2\text{(s)?∫}{}_{\mathrm{?\infty }}{}^{\mathrm{\infty }}\text{g[x(t)]x(t?s)dt}$

, previously studied by Richardson, be nonnegative definite.Several examples are given, and it is shown that, unlike the case for R₁(.), monotonicity of g(.) is not a sufficient condition for R₂(.) to have a global maximum at s = 0 independently of the choice of filter characteristic k. Certain extensions of these results are given for the case when x(.) is a Gaussian random input.     

Effects of noise on signal detection

Twelve subjects were tested twice in visual vigilance tasks which lasted 40?min. Employing a two-category confidence rating scale they detected increments in light level from displays of five lights. The display was flashed on simultaneously for 0·5 s every 3·5?s. The subjects performed the task on different days under two conditions of continuous white noise: ‘quiet’ (70?dB) and ‘noise’ (l00?dB). Half of the subjects had the noise treatment in the order of quiet-noise and half in the reverse order. No effects of noise either upon the overall performance or upon the vigilance decrement were observed. For the risky criterion results showed mainly that during a run under the two conditions the percentage of correct and false responses decreased, d' remained unchanged and β partly increased as a function of time. For the cautious criterion only β increased during a run under the two conditions. The results were interpreted in terms of arousal theory     

Quantitative assessment of noise signal information

An assessment of the amount of information that is contained in the intrinsic noise of electronic components is proposed. The results of a computer simulation aimed at the determination of the information nature of the intrinsic noise of electronic components are presented. The proposed quantitative assessment of information can be used to determine the information that is contained in intrinsic noises of other technical systems.     

Impulsive noise suppression in the case of frequency estimation by exploring signal sparsity

The frequency estimation problem is addressed in this work in the presence of impulsive noise. Two typical scenarios are considered; that is, the received data are assumed to be uniformly sampled, i.e., without data missing for the first case and data are randomly missed for the second case. The main objective of this work is to explore the signal sparsity in the frequency domain to perform frequency estimation under the impulsive noise. Therefore, to that end, a DFT-like matrix is created in which the frequency sparsity is provided. The missing measurements are modeled by a sparse representation as well, where missing samples are set to be zeros. Based on this model, the missing pattern represented by a vector is indeed sparse since it only contains zeros and ones. The impulsive noise is remodeled as a superposition of a unknown sparse vector and a Gaussian vector because of the impulsive nature of noise. By utilizing the sparse property of the vector, the impulsive noise can be treated as a unknown parameter and hence it can be canceled efficiently. By exploring the sparsity obtained, therefore, a joint estimation method is devised under optimization framework. It renders one to simultaneously estimate the frequency, noise, and the missing pattern. Numerical studies and an application to speech denoising indicate that the joint estimation method always offers precise and consistent performance when compared to the non-joint estimation approach.     

抑制温度信号噪声方法的研究

在空间相机中,温度传感器输出的信号易受到噪声的干扰从而造成有用信号的淹没,因此研究适用于温度信号的噪声抑制方法具有重要的实用价值.本文对干扰温度信号的噪声来源进行了综合分析,并针对温度信号所含噪声的特点,采用中值滤波法和小波阈值滤波的复合数字滤波算法相结合,对温度信号进行滤波,实现了信噪分离的目的,提高了信噪比,并通过MATLAB的仿真功能对输出的信号进行验证.仿真表明,这两种方法的混合使用对温度信号的噪声的抑制有明显的效果.     

Correction of pathological speeches and assistance to learners with vocal disabilities

This work describes a new methodology for correcting voice defects contained in the Arabic speeches and assisting learners of Arabic vocabulary. For this purpose, we follow four stages. The first step consists in localizing the vocal disabilities which degrade an Arabic voice signal, so we focus on comparing between a referenced probabilistic-phonetic model and a speaker model. Second, we differentiate two cases: Degraded speeches can be generated from pathological problems, or it can be produced by non arabophone learners. Hence, we compare between forced alignment scores. Third, we develop a new algorithm to correct pathological pronunciations. The last task is the conception of an application assisting learners of Arabic vocabulary in improving their pronunciation. The achieved results are encouraging. Moreover, learners of Arabic vocabulary have presented a good amelioration using the developed application. A lot of applications that design systems of voice signal processing can use our proposition.     

Adams methods for the efficient solution of stochastic differential equations with additive noise

The application of Adams methods for the numerical solution of stochastic differential equations is considered. Especially we discuss the path-wise (strong) solutions of stochastic differential equations with additive noise and their numerical computation. The special structure of these problems suggests the application of Adams methods, which are used for deterministic differential equations very successfully. Applications to circuit simulation are presented.     

Intelligibility enhancement of HMM-generated speech in additive noise by modifying Mel cepstral coefficients to increase the glimpse proportion

This paper describes speech intelligibility enhancement for Hidden Markov Model (HMM) generated synthetic speech in noise. We present a method for modifying the Mel cepstral coefficients generated by statistical parametric models that have been trained on plain speech. We update these coefficients such that the glimpse proportion – an objective measure of the intelligibility of speech in noise – increases, while keeping the speech energy fixed. An acoustic analysis reveals that the modified speech is boosted in the region 1–4 kHz, particularly for vowels, nasals and approximants. Results from listening tests employing speech-shaped noise show that the modified speech is as intelligible as a synthetic voice trained on plain speech whose duration, Mel cepstral coefficients and excitation signal parameters have been adapted to Lombard speech from the same speaker. Our proposed method does not require these additional recordings of Lombard speech. In the presence of a competing talker, both modification and adaptation of spectral coefficients give more modest gains.     

Analysis and design of networked control systems using the additive noise model methodology

Networked Control has emerged in recent years as a new and exciting area in systems science. The topic has many potential applications in diverse areas ranging from control of microrobots to biological and economic systems. The supporting theory is very rich and combines aspects of control, signal processing, telecommunications, and information theory. In this paper, we give a partial overview of recent developments in Networked Control with an emphasis on the additive noise model methodology. We also point to several open problems in this emerging area. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society