两步扩链法制备自乳化水性环氧树脂固化剂及其在水性涂料中的应用

通过在己二胺的分子链上加成、扩链,分别将低相对分子质量亲水性的聚乙二醇二缩水甘油醚、聚丙二醇二缩水甘油醚引入到分子链中,再通过长链的十二烷基缩水甘油醚进行二次扩链封端,两步扩链法合成了自乳化水性环氧固化剂。通过对环氧固化剂合成工艺参数及漆膜各项性能的考察,发现该环氧固化剂兼具乳化作用,该固化剂与液体环氧树脂所制备的双组分漆膜室温固化后性能优良,具有优异的铅笔硬度、耐冲击性和耐化学品性。同时该固化剂含有较长的柔性烷基链,使得固化后的环氧树脂兼具较好的柔韧性。与国外同类产品制得的漆膜性能相当,可应用于汽车配件、机械零部件等工业防腐装饰领域。     

水性环氧涂料固化剂研究

本采用低相对分子质量液体环氧村脂与二乙烯三胺反应生成端氯基环氧-胺加成物，再经封端和成盐工艺合成了水性环氧涂料固化剂。研究了不同的封端剂对固化剂性能的影响，并确定了最佳合成工艺。通过新型封端剂的引入大大提高了固化剂的乳化性能(乳液粒径小至1．83μm)和固化性能，同时解决了普通Ⅰ型水性环氧涂料硬度太高，柔韧性和耐冲击性较差的弊病．     

自乳化水性环氧固化剂的合成与性能

在三乙烯四胺(TETA)的分子链段上通过加成、扩链,将亲水性多乙烯多胺改性成为既亲水又亲油的两亲性化合物,再经封端工艺合成了自乳化水性环氧树脂固化剂,该固化剂兼具乳化和固化功能。实验研究了固化剂的合成工艺及漆膜各项性能,结果表明,所合成的自乳化水性环氧固化剂具有良好的乳化环氧树脂的功能,所制备的水性环氧树脂涂膜具有良好的铅笔硬度、耐冲击性、附着力、耐水和耐化学品性,且适用期较长。     

环氧酯阴极电泳清漆的合成及应用

二元酸、亚麻油酸与环氧树脂在150~160℃下反应得到端羧基环氧酯,然后通过二乙醇胺与己二胺的混合胺化,得到水性化环氧酯,加入适量助剂和交联剂,利用有机羧酸中和,乳化得到漆膜性能优异的环氧酯阴极电泳清漆。通过检测电泳漆膜的盐雾性能,确定CYD-801环氧树脂作为原材料:通过检测电泳后的清漆漆膜的耐冲击性和柔韧性,选择了己二酸;利用亚麻油酸降低端羧基环氧酯的平均官能度为1.6,得到光泽高、综合性能优异的漆膜;当二乙醇胺和己二胺的比例为1:1.5时,得到的乳液电导率良好、漆膜综合性能佳。该电泳清漆可以应用在各种小五金涂装领域,具有环保、固化快的特点。     

水性双组分环氧沥青防腐涂料的制备

以乳化沥青及水性环氧树脂为主要成膜物质,配合滑石粉、云母粉等填料及适当的功能助剂,制备出一种环保、高效的双组分防腐涂料。讨论了不同环氧树脂/固化剂体系的稳定性及其与乳化沥青的相容性,研究了不同软化点的乳化沥青对漆膜回黏性的影响,考察了不同配比的乳化沥青与环氧体系的综合性能。结果表明,由6520环氧乳液搭配8538固化剂组成的环氧体系与乳化沥青相容性良好,软化点为70℃的乳化沥青最合适。当环氧体系为25%、乳化沥青为50%时,所得漆膜软硬适中,防腐性能最佳,耐中性盐雾可达1 050 h。     

混胺合成环氧-胺类自乳化固化剂的制备

由于环氧-胺类自乳化固化剂的优良特性,其在水性环氧树脂体系的乳化和固化过程中得到了广泛的应用。但是,目前关于环氧-胺类自乳化固化剂的研究主要集中在纯胺范围内,纯胺价格较高,所以使用纯胺合成环氧-胺类自乳化固化剂时的成本较高。文章采用价格较低的混胺Amix 1 000合成环氧-胺类自乳化固化剂,并测试了不同反应条件下反应的速率以及产物的性能,确定了最优反应条件。并对合成的自乳化固化剂进行了性能测试和表征,确定了最优用量为165 g自乳化固化剂/100 g环氧树脂E-51,该用量下,固化物的拉伸剪切强度达到7. 43 MPa;借助光学显微镜对自乳化固化剂乳化的环氧树脂乳液分散相进行观察,乳液分散相的平均粒径约为5. 5 μm。     

双组分水性阴极聚氨酯电泳漆的制备及其工艺优化

以低聚物二元醇、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯（IPDI）、N-甲基二乙醇胺（MDEA）和1,4-丁二醇（BDO）为主要原料制备了阳离子型端羟基聚氨酯树脂;再以IPDI、MDEA、BDO以及甲乙酮肟（ME．KO）为主要原料制备了阳离子型端异氰酸酯固化剂,将树脂与固化剂混合、分散乳化后进行电泳成膜。考察了电泳工艺参数、助溶剂丙二醇苯醚（PPH）用量、低聚物二元醇种类、树脂与固化剂的nNCO／／noH对漆膜表观及性能的影响。结果表明,电泳电压为60V,电泳时间为40S,PPH质量分数为3．0％（相对于树脂）,以聚四氢呋喃醚二醇（PTMG-1000）为二元醇组分,nNco／nOH为1．1时,漆膜表现出较好的性能及表观。     

铁路桥梁支座用环氧富锌防腐涂料耐盐雾性能研究

通过对铁路桥梁支座用环氧富锌防腐涂料耐盐雾性能的研究,制得了具有优异防腐功能的新型环氧富锌涂料。研究了涂膜的PVC、硅烷偶联荆和环氧固化剂对环氧富锌防腐涂料耐盐雾性能的影响。结果表明当涂膜的PVC为42％、干漆膜中锌粉含量为82％,且配方中选用某环氧基硅烷偶联荆和某腰果油改性环氧固化剂时,环氧富锌防腐涂料的耐盐雾腐蚀可达1518h。     

水性沥青防腐涂料的制备

选用不同种类的水性树脂与阴离子型乳化沥青共混制得了水性沥青涂料。当选用水性双酚A型环氧树脂时,所得涂料的性能最佳。探讨了环氧体系中树脂与固化剂的质量比、环氧体系与乳化沥青的质量比、颜料的体积浓度以及种类对漆膜性能的影响。当选用迈图公司的3520环氧树脂+8545固化剂体系且其质量比为4:1,环氧体系与沥青的质量比为4:6,颜料(90%具有片状微观结构的绢云母+10%活性防锈颜料磷酸锌)的体积浓度为15%时,所制漆膜的综合性能最好,耐中性盐雾时间达27 d。     

一种含磷聚氨酯弹性体的制备及性能表征

以氯磷酸二苯酯(DPCP)和酒石酸(TA)为原料,合成了含磷二元酸(PDA)。将其与新戊二醇(NPG)进行脱水缩合反应,得到侧链含磷的聚酯二醇(PPD)。再将产物与异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)反应,1,4-丁二醇(BDO)扩链,冰乙酸封端,得到磷元素杂化的本征阻燃的热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(PTPU)。采用FTIR、热重分析(TGA)、氧指数(LOI)、SEM、拉伸机对合成产物结构、热稳定性能、阻燃性能、力学性能进行分析。结果表明,随着磷含量的增加,LOI和残炭率均增加,拉伸强度也适当提升。当磷含量达到1.5%时,LOI达到29.3%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.