A位双元取代对钛铁矿型ZnTiO3陶瓷热稳定性影响

通过XRD、DTA、SEM等测试技术,系统研究了Zn(1-x)(Mg1/2Co1/2)xTiO3(x=0.1～0.4)陶瓷六方钛铁矿结构的热稳定性和显微结构,应用传统固相烧结法制备了Zn(1-x)(Mg1/2Co1/2)xTiO3(x=0.1～0.4)陶瓷。研究表明:由于ZnTiO3、MgTiO3和CoTiO3有类似的六方钛铁矿结构,Mg2 和Co2 都能取代ZnTiO3相中部分Zn2 离子,且能形成热稳定性较强的(Zn,Mg,Co)TiO3固溶体;当取代量x=0.1时,使六方钛铁矿相的热稳定温度提高了约70℃,拓宽了六方钛铁矿相的热稳定温度范围,能够制备出优良微波介电性能且烧结温度范围较宽微波介质材料。     

TiO_2添加量对Zn_(0.8)Mg_(0.2)ZrNb_2O_8微波介质陶瓷结构和性能的影响

采用传统固相合成工艺制备(1–x)Zn0.8Mg0.2Zr Nb2O8-x TiO_2(ZMZNT,x=0.00,0.20,0.40,0.50,0.60,0.65,0.70,0.80)微波介质陶瓷,研究了TiO_2添加量对Zn0.8Mg0.2Zr Nb2O8陶瓷烧结行为、相结构、微观结构以及微波介电性能的影响。结果表明:随着TiO_2添加量增加,ZMZNT陶瓷的烧结温度逐步下降。当x=0~0.5时,形成了Zn0.8Mg0.2(Zr,Ti)Nb2O8固溶体;而当x=0.6~0.8时,陶瓷体系发生了复杂物相变化,微观形貌也呈现对应的变化规律。随着TiO_2添加量的增加,ZMZNT陶瓷相对介电常数εr逐渐增大,品质因数Q×f呈下降趋势,谐振频率温度系数τf呈上升趋势。当x=0.65时,0.35Zn0.8Mg0.2Zr Nb2O8-0.65 TiO_2陶瓷在1 170℃烧结4 h,可以获得较佳的微波介电性能:εr=36.7,Q×f=37 432 GHz,τf=7.12×10–6/℃。     

(1-y)Ca1-xLa2x/3TiO3-yCa(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3复合微波介质陶瓷的研究

采用固相合成法制备了 ( 1-y)Ca1 -xLa2x/ 3 TiO3 -yCa(Mg1 / 3 Nb2 / 3 )O3 系列微波介质陶瓷材料 ,研究了复合系统的微波介电性能、烧结性能和微观结构。研究结果表明 :在y =0 .4～ 0 .6范围内 ,体系形成了单一的钙钛矿结构 ;当复合体系组成 0 .5Ca0 .6La0 .2 67TiO3 -0 .5Ca(Mg1 / 3 Nb2 / 3 )O3 时 ,在 14 0 0℃下烧结保温 4小时所得到材料的微波介电性能最佳 ;εf=5 5 ,Q×f =45 0 0 0GHz( 7.6GHz下 ) ,τf=0 .0 4ppm/℃。     

Mg_3(VO_4)_2-BiNbO_4复合陶瓷的低温烧结及微波介电性能

采用传统固相反应法制备(1-x)Mg3(VO4)2-xBiNbO4复合微波介质陶瓷材料,研究陶瓷的烧结特性、微观结构和微波介电性能。结果表明:当x从0.2增加到0.6,在最佳烧结温度制备的Mg3(VO4)2-BiNbO4陶瓷的机械品质因数与频率的乘积(Q×f)随x增大而减小,相对介电常数(εr)随x增大而增大,谐振频率温度系数(τf)随x增大从正变为负;通过调节x值,在x=0.2处获得近零的τf。Mg3(VO4)2与BiNbO4的复合可实现低温烧结;当x=0.2、850℃的低温致密成瓷获得了优良的微波介电性能:εr=14.76,Q×f=27930GHz(f0=8.29GHz),τf=3.65×10-6/℃。     

CeO2/Ca0.7Bi0.15Na0.15TiO3复合陶瓷微波介电性研究

通过传统固相烧结法制备了(1-x)(Ca0.7Bi0.15Na0.15TiO3)-xCeO2(x=0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9)陶瓷,并对其晶体结构、表面形貌、元素化合价及微波介电性能进行了系统研究.结果 表明:所有组分陶瓷均含有与CaTiO3和CeO2结构相似的两相.在x=0.4中Ce存在两种价态Ce3+和Ce4.两相的存在导致了介电常数和谐振频率温度系数呈现线性变化,品质因数则表现为非线性变化.当x=0.9时,Ca0.7Bi0.5Na0.15TiO3-CeO2复合陶瓷微波介电性能较优,其εr=35.1,Q×f=10889.2 GHz和τf=27 ppm/℃.     

Ca_(0.6)La_(0.8/3)TiO_3-Li_(0.5)Sm_(0.5)TiO_3复合微波陶瓷的介电性能

采用传统固相合成法制备了xCa0.6La0.8/3TiO3-(1-x)(Li0.5Sm0.5)TiO3(CLT-LST)系列微波介质陶瓷材料,研究了该系列微波介质陶瓷的物相结构、表面形貌、介电性能。实验发现:随着Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3含量的增多,CLT-LST样品XRD峰轻微左移。陶瓷组成对微波介电性能影响显著,复合体系CLT-LST的微波介电性能随着x值不同而连续变化:当x从0.2上升到0.6时,介电常数(εr)逐步增大,在x=(0.4~0.6),εr变化趋于稳定,达到较佳值;品质因数(Q·f)则先减小后增大再迅速减小;谐振频率温度系数(τf)逐渐从负值向正值方向移动。当复合体系组成为0.4Ca0.6La0.8/3TiO3-0.6(Li0.5Sm0.5)TiO3时,在1 250℃烧结4h所得到的微波介电性能较佳,εr=125;Q·f=2 680GHz;τf=7.0×106/℃。     

(Mg1-xCox)TiO3基微波陶瓷介电性能研究

以MgO,Co2O3和TiO2为原料,用固相反应法制备了(Mg1-xCox)TiO3(MCT)系陶瓷.研究了CoTiO3含量对其微观结构和微波介电性能的影响.结果表明:添加适量的CoTiO3,可以适当降低烧结温度,调整烧结温度范围.当掺入量为10 mol%,烧结温度为1350 ℃时,MCT陶瓷具有优良微波介电性能:εr=18.99;Q×f=154000 GHz,τf=-45 ppm/℃.     

Bi4B2O9对(Ca0.2Sr0.05Li0.375Sm0.375</sub>TiO3陶瓷烧结和微波介电性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备(Ca0.2Sr0.05Li0.375Sm0.375)TiO3钙钛矿微波介质陶瓷,研究了Bi4B2O9对(Ca0.2Sr0.05Li0.375Sm0.375)TiO3陶瓷微波介电性能的影响,利用X射线衍射仪、扫瞄电子显微镜和矢量网络分析仪对其晶体结构、显微组织和微波介电性能进行了研究。结果表明:掺10%Bi4B2O9的(Ca0.2Sr0.05Li0.375Sm0.375)TiO3陶瓷,其烧结温度由1 300℃降至1 080℃。当添加3.5%Bi4B2O9时,其最佳烧结温度为1 150℃,陶瓷的微波介电性能最佳(相对介电常数εr=116.9;品质因数Q×f=3 500GHz;频率温度系数τf=1.2×10-6/℃)。     

Bi_4B_2O_9对(Ca_(0.2)Sr_(0.05)Li_(0.375)Sm_(0.375_)TiO_3陶瓷烧结和微波介电性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备(Ca0.2Sr0.05Li0.375Sm0.375)TiO3钙钛矿微波介质陶瓷,研究了Bi4B2O9对(Ca0.2Sr0.05Li0.375Sm0.375)TiO3陶瓷微波介电性能的影响,利用X射线衍射仪、扫瞄电子显微镜和矢量网络分析仪对其晶体结构、显微组织和微波介电性能进行了研究。结果表明:掺10%Bi4B2O9的(Ca0.2Sr0.05Li0.375Sm0.375)TiO3陶瓷,其烧结温度由1 300℃降至1 080℃。当添加3.5%Bi4B2O9时,其最佳烧结温度为1 150℃,陶瓷的微波介电性能最佳(相对介电常数εr=116.9;品质因数Q×f=3 500GHz;频率温度系数τf=1.2×10-6/℃)。     

氧化铈复合钛酸镧钙介质陶瓷的微波性能

以1%(质量分数)CuO为烧结助剂,采用固相合成法制备了(1-x)Ca0.6La0.27TiO3 xCeO2单纯和复合微波介质陶瓷材料.研究了此体系陶瓷的微观结构和微波介电性能.研究表明:当x从0增加到1时,体系的相对介电常数εr从111.2线性降低到22.5;谐振频率温度系数τf从x=0时的正值 297.8×10-6/℃线性变化为x=1的负值-54.2×10-6/℃;而无载品质因数与谐振频率乘积Qf值则呈非线性增加.当x=0.85,且在1 400 ℃烧结,可获得εr=32.2,Qf=6682GHz,τf= 5×10-6/℃的新型微波介质陶瓷.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。