基于PDMS的柔性压阻式传感器的研究进展

近年来,以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为主体材料的柔性压阻式传感器的发展十分迅速,在人体运动及健康监测、电子皮肤、智能机器人等领域中具有广阔的应用前景。本文首先介绍了柔性压阻式传感器的传感机理及主要性能指标,然后重点综述了基于PDMS的柔性压阻式传感器的研究进展,特别是在PDMS与不同导电填料结合制备传感器以及微结构构建两个方面进行了详细阐述,最后指出了当前该领域存在的一些问题,并对其发展方向进行了展望。     

柔性AgNWs/PEDOT:PSS-PET透明导电薄膜的制备与性能

透明导电薄膜由于兼具较高的透光度和较低的电阻率,被广泛地应用在太阳能电池、传感器和柔性OLED等光电子器件中。采用多元醇法制备了长径比约为1 200的银纳米线(AgNWs),并且,与PEDOT∶PSS相结合,以聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)为透明导电薄膜基底,通过简单、高效的喷涂工艺制备AgNWs/PEDOT∶PSS-PET复合柔性透明导电薄膜,并且,研究其表面形貌与材料结构。然后,对薄膜进行了后处理,提高薄膜的导电性,并且,利用拉曼(Raman)光谱分析了进行后处理后,薄膜导电性提高的原因。当该复合薄膜在透光率<85%时,其面电阻<50Ω/sq,而且,薄膜的粗糙度仅为11.3 nm。另外,经过700 h的空气气氛放置试验后,薄膜的面电阻基本保持不变,仍具有较好的稳定性。     

压力传感器三维架构PDMS基活性材料的最新进展

柔性压阻式压力传感器因其诸多优点在多个领域具备良好的应用前景而成为研究热点,作为压力传感器主要组成部分之一的活性材料,对器件的性能具有举足轻重的影响,聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）因具备良好的综合性能而与导电填料结合用来制作活性材料。随着对传感器的性能要求不断提高,活性材料的结构从二维跨入了三维层面,成为大家关注的焦点。该文在简单介绍传感器工作原理和所用材料的基础上,对三维架构PDMS基活性材料的常用制备方法和最新的研究进展情况进行了重点论述,并提出了目前存在的问题和未来的研究方向。     

碳纳米材料在PU纱线基柔性应变传感器中的应用

聚氨酯（PU）纱线基柔性应变传感器具有质轻柔软、透气性好、力学性能优异、传感性能良好、廉价易得等优点,但存在灵敏度与应变范围的非线性关系以及滞后性的问题。本文首先介绍了碳纳米材料/PU纱线基柔性应变传感器的构成,并分析了各构成部分对传感器性能的影响机理。在此基础上,根据PU传感纱线制备方式的不同,分别对均质PU纱类、涂层PU纱类和结构PU纱类三类传感器的研究进展进行了综述,指出选择合理的纺丝原料添加量、纺丝牵伸比、涂覆黏合剂、导电皮层与非导电芯层厚度比、导电皮层对非导电芯层有效包覆率、多维导电网络以及新颖的纱线结构、纱线成型新技术可提高PU导电纱线的传感性能。最后,分析了碳纳米材料/PU纱线基柔性应变传感器存在的问题,对高性能PU基础纱线、高品质碳纳米材料、新型加工及集成技术、研制和应用过程中应满足的基本条件等未来的重点发展方向进行了展望,以期为开发高性能纱线基柔性应变传感器提供参考。     

Ti3C2 MXene柔性应力/应变传感器的制备及应用研究进展

碳化钛迈科烯(Ti3C2 MXene)是一种新型碳化物二维材料,具有手风琴的片层结构,受到拉伸或压缩会产生滑动或堆叠,使其内部导电路径和长度发生改变,直接影响输出电信号的变化.因此,Ti3C2 MXene可以作为传感材料,检测应力/应变.与弹性基底复合,该材料可以制备柔性传感器,检测人体的运动与健康信号.本综述阐述了T...     

二维导电材料/柔性聚合物复合材料基可穿戴压阻式应变传感器的研究进展

可穿戴应变传感器在人体运动检测、健康监测、可穿戴电子设备和柔性电子皮肤等新兴领域具有极大的应用前景.近年来,由二维(2D)导电材料和柔性聚合物基体组成的可穿戴压阻式应变传感器具有较高的灵敏度、良好的拉伸性和柔韧性、优异的耐久性、可调的应变传感性和易加工等特点,受到广泛关注.基于此,该文对基于2D导电材料/柔性聚合物复合...     

基于PDMS基柔性传感器的智能感知系统

柔性传感器与受力被测体可以产生一致的形变,基于空间限域强制组装原理,以PDMS为基体,通过控制变量法分别分析微结构、膜片厚度、填料含量对感应膜片压阻特性的影响,选取三角微结构、厚度为0.3 mm、石墨烯含量为0.5％的导电薄膜作为敏感元件,使用PDMS薄膜将其封装为压阻式柔性传感器,传感器测量范围和对应输出阻值范围分别...     

PDMS/SiC功能梯度复合材料性能与制造精度研究

提出了一种由聚二甲基硅氧烷（PDMS）与碳化硅（SiC）复合材料构成的功能梯度柔性衬底结构,给出了相应的三维（3D）打印制造工艺流程。通过实验分析了不同SiC粒径及含量对PDMS/SiC复合材料力学性能、导热性能的影响规律;探究了背压、打印速度、线间距、温度等工艺参数对不同SiC含量PDMS/SiC复合材料制造精度的影响规律。结果表明,相比于纯PDMS衬底,不同SiC粒径及含量对复合材料性能均有提高,当SiC粒径为600 nm且含量为45 %（质量分数,下同）时,对应的PDMS/SiC功能梯度柔性衬底的弹性模量提高了2.76倍,导热系数提高了2.22倍。     

Highly transparent low resistance ATO/AgNWs/ATO flexible transparent conductive thin films

Indium-free flexible transparent conductive thin films (TCFs) composed of silver nanowire (AgNW) networks and Sb doped SnO₂ (ATO) layers were prepared on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates. The ATO layers were deposited via radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering at room temperature. The AgNWs were achieved via a modified polyol reduction method and embedded between the ATO layers. The effects of AgNW networks and ATO layers on electrical and optical properties of the ATO/AgNWs/ATO flexible tri-layer thin films are investigated. The ATO layers can improve the optical transmittance and reduce the resistivity of tri-layers, and the corresponding mechanisms are proposed. Typically, an ATO/AgNWs/ATO flexible tri-layers show a high figure of merit value (30.06 × 10^-3 Ω^-1) with a low sheet resistance of 7.1 Ω/sq. and a high transmittance of 85.7%. Meanwhile, the tri-layers present excellent mechanical flexibility, and the ATO layers acted as the protecting layers improve the adhesive and environmental stability at high temperature and humidity for the ATO/AgNWs/ATO flexible tri-layers. These results indicate that ATO/AgNWs/ATO flexible tri-layer thin films can be useful for the fabrication of wearable electronic devices.     

All-inorganic flexible high-temperature strain sensor based on SrRuO3/muscovite heteroepitaxy

Design and fabrication of flexible strain sensors are still challenging for high-temperature application in the aerospace, metallurgical industry, and underground energy exploration. In the present work, an all-inorganic flexible strain sensor has been fabricated based on single-crystal SrRuO₃ (SRO) thin films epitaxially grown on muscovite. A high resistive tunability ((∆R/R₀%) ∼ 26.05%), excellent linearity (correlation coefficient of 0.93), and large gauge factor (GF ∼ 101) have been achieved in the as-prepared SRO-based sensors with great bending durability. The mechanism for the tunability of the electrical transport in flexible SRO thin films under mechanical bending is proposed based on the Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results. The sensors have been confirmed to work properly from ambient temperatures up to ∼425 K, showing the potential application in high-temperature environments. Moreover, the flexible sensors have the ability to monitor the hand joint movements.     

Soft and flexible conductive PDMS/MWCNT composites

Conductive elastomers based on MWCNT in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) have been prepared by a range of dispersion methods such as ultrasonication, speedmixing and roll milling in combination with physical or covalent modification. The ionic liquid (IL), 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, was used to pre‐disperse MWCNT in a MWCNT/IL‐gel that was used for preparation of MWCVNT/PDMS composites. The method was seen to be effective at low levels of MWCNT, but required combination with a roll mill to obtain a stable dispersion at 4 wt % MWCNT. With higher amounts of MWCNT a reduction in conductivity was observed, which was attributed to a change in morphology occurring between 4 and 5 wt % MWCNT. As an alternative to IL dispersing aids a novel functionalized MWCNT was prepared by free radical polymerization using α‐methacryloxypropyl‐polydimethylsiloxane, which could be used directly for preparation of MWCNT/PDMS composites. Composites prepared by use of the IL dispersion method, use of a roll mill or by use of the f‐MWCNT all had conductivities around 0.005–0.01 s/cm and retained conductivity upon extension. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44767.     

基于导电水凝胶的柔性应变传感器研究进展

导电水凝胶具有良好的电性能、机械性能、生物相容性等,在电容器、调制器、传感器等领域具有广阔的应用前景.本文对导电水凝胶的概述、传感机理及传感器的种类进行了综述.     

基于弹性聚合物复合材料的压阻式柔性应变传感器研究进展

综述了近年来基于弹性聚合物复合材料的压阻式柔性应变传感器的研究现状,包括压阻式柔性应变传感器的结构、传感机理、传感器基质,以及导电材料种类、结构控制方法及应用等。指出了现阶段压阻式柔性应变传感器研究面临的主要问题,并对其未来发展方向进行了展望。     

Fabrication of high-quality flexible transparent conductive thin films with a Nb2O5/AgNWs/Nb2O5 sandwich structure

Different sandwich structures of flexible transparent conductive thin film (TCFs) composed of Nb₂O₅ layers and Ag nanowires (AgNWs) have been prepared onto flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate at room temperature to develop an indium-free TCF. The AgNWs are synthesized by a modified polyol method and inserted into the Nb₂O₅ layers that are prepared by radio frequency magnetron sputtering. The optical and electrical properties can be modified by changing the number of spin-coating cycle of AgNW suspension. At optimized condition, we achieve a flexible Nb₂O₅/AgNWs/Nb₂O₅ sandwich thin film with a low sheet resistance of 9.61 Ω/square and a high optical transmittance of 84.3%. Meanwhile, the resistance remains nearly constant after 30 tape tests, suggesting a strong adhesion to the PET substrate. The sandwich thin films show high long-term stability to oxidation, humid heat, and chemicals compared with that of AgNW networks, which can be attributed to the effective covering of Nb₂O₅ layer on the AgNWs. In addition, the Nb₂O₅/AgNWs/Nb₂O₅ sandwich thin films show good stability after repeated bending. This Nb₂O₅/AgNWs/Nb₂O₅ sandwich thin film can therefore serve as a high-performance transparent conductive electrode for numerous flexible electronic devices.     

Highly sensitive flexible strain sensor based on carbon nanotube/styrene butadiene styrene@ thermoplastic polyurethane fiber with a double percolated structure

The combination of a high sensitivity and a wide strain detection range in conductive polymer composites-based flexible strain sensors is still challenging to achieve. Herein, a double-percolation structural fiber strain sensor based on carbon nanotubes (CNT)/styrene butadiene styrene (SBS)@thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) composite was fabricated by a simple melt mixing and fused filament fabrication strategy, in which the CNT/SBS and TPU were the conductive and insulating phases, respectively. Compared with the sensor without the double percolated structure, the CNT/SBS@TPU sensor achieved a lower percolation threshold (from 2.0 to 0.5 wt%, a reduction of 75%), and better electrical and sensing performance. It is shown that the strain detection range of the CNT/SBS@TPU sensor increases with increasing CNT loading. An opposite trend was observed for the sensitivity. The 1%-CNT/SBS@TPU sensor exhibited a high conductivity (1.08 × 10⁻³ S/m), high sensitivity (gauge factor of 2.65 × 10⁶ at 92% strain), wide strain detection range (0.2%–92% strain), high degree of linearity (R² = 0.954 at 0–10% strain), broad monitoring frequencies (0.05–0.5 Hz), and excellent stability (2000 cycles). Moreover, the CNT/SBS@TPU sensor was shown to successfully monitor a range of human physiological activities and to be capable of tactile perception and weight distribution sensing.     

PVA/AgNWs导电水凝胶微纤维的微流控制备及其性能研究

基于微流控技术产生的全水相喷射液流模板,由快速界面交联反应连续可控制备了含银纳米线(AgNWs)和锂离子的聚乙烯醇导电水凝胶微纤维(简称微纤维),对微纤维的结构与性能进行了研究。结果表明:以AgNWs质量浓度为10 g/L的内相流体制得的微纤维,其纤维截面呈三维多孔网络结构,且多孔网络结构中较均匀分布着AgNWs颗粒,该纤维的表面结构致密且均匀地分布着大量银元素,其含银的质量分数为17.65%;AgNWs的引入有效提高了微纤维的导电性能和力学性能,该微纤维电阻值最小达到392.28 kΩ;通过浸泡乙二醇/水溶液赋予了微纤维良好的抗冻能力和力学性能,降温至-60℃时微纤维内部的水溶液亦不会发生凝固,该微纤维的断裂伸长率、断裂强度和弹性模量由浸泡前的498.6%、1.67 kPa和1.9 MPa分别提高到浸泡后的633.7%、7.36 kPa和5.06 MPa;该微纤维可在较宽的应变范围(0～250%)内灵敏(灵敏度系数为2.02)、重复、稳定地响应外界拉伸作用,从而展现出相应的电阻变化;同时,该微纤维亦可灵敏重复地响应外界温度变化(0～60℃),而展现出灵敏、重复的电阻变化,显示出优良的...     

EPDM/IIR柔性材料的研制

介绍连接发动机燃烧室与喷管的EPDM/IIR柔性材料配方及性能研究结果。EPDM/IIR柔性材料的优化配方确定为:EPDM　87 5,IIR　12 5,白炭黑　25,增塑剂DIOS　12 5,氧化锌　5,硬脂酸　2,促进剂TMTD　2,促进剂M　1,硫黄　2。该配方柔性材料硬度低、强度高、老化性能和粘合性能好,贮存期超过5年。     

Graphene-based transparent strain sensor

Transparent strain sensors based on graphene were fabricated in a form of rosette on a flexible plastic or stretchable rubber substrate by using reactive ion etching and stamping techniques. Their piezoresistive properties were investigated under a tensile strain up to 7.1%. We demonstrated this sensor on a transparent glove and measured magnitudes and directions of the principal strains on the glove induced by the motion of fingers.