建筑增强专用聚丙烯腈纤维的耐环境性研究

模拟土工建筑材料沥青及混凝土实际应用中的酸碱性和日晒环境,研究建筑增强专用聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维的耐环境性,并与普通PAN高强纤维进行对比。结果表明:相较于普通PAN高强纤维,建筑增强专用PAN纤维在1 732 cm~(-1)处C=O伸缩振动峰较弱,并且结晶度和晶区取向度较高;经35 d日晒雨淋后,建筑增强专用PAN纤维的断裂强度和初始模量的保留率最高分别达到98.07%和96.43%;在50℃的极端酸性环境(pH值为1)中,建筑增强专用PAN纤维的断裂强度和初始模量的保留率均大于98%;建筑增强专用PAN纤维的热分解温度高于普通PAN高强纤维100℃以上;建筑增强专用PAN纤维的耐候性、耐酸碱性和耐热性均比普通PAN高强纤维好,能够更好地满足建筑材料的使用要求。     

建筑增强用聚丙烯腈纤维的抗冻融性研究

在模拟混凝土配置时的冻融交替环境下,将建筑增强用聚丙烯腈(PAN)纤维置于(-20±2)℃的冷冻箱中冷冻12 h,随后取出在(25±2)℃的室温环境中融化12 h,对纤维进行90次冻融循环,研究冻融循环处理前后纤维结构和性能的变化,以强度损失率表征其抗冻融性,并与聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)增强纤维和聚丙烯(PP)增...     

热致性液晶共聚酯-PET共混体的可纺性及纤维的性能

通过流变性能、表面张力等的测试对 PHB/PET(60/40)共聚酯与 PET 共混体的可纺性及加工条件进行了讨论。用改制的熔融指数仪纺制了不同配比的共混纤维,并测定了初生纤维及拉伸丝的力学性能,通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜、DSC 测定了纤维结构。共混体在300℃熔融,280℃纺丝,当共聚酯含量在6.6%以下时,共混体有较好的可纺性。共聚酯含量在3.3%时,纤维有较好的强度与模量,与同等条件下纺制的纯 PET 纤维相比,强度提高70%,模量可提高两倍多。     

干-喷湿纺聚丙烯腈纤维拉伸工艺研究

研究了干 -喷湿纺聚丙烯腈 (PAN)初生纤维的喷丝头拉伸比和三级拉伸 (空气拉伸、DMF浴拉伸、热水和沸水拉伸、干热拉伸 )工艺中各拉伸比对纤维性能的影响。结果表明 :提高喷丝头拉伸比可明显地降低初生纤维的线密度 ,提高强度 ;三级拉伸工艺中各拉伸比的提高均有利于PAN纤维线密度的减小及其强度、声速取向度和抗张模量的提高 ;合理调配三级拉伸中各拉伸比可制得强度超过 7.0cN/dtex的PAN纤维     

剑麻纤维/长玻纤混杂增强PP复合材料的力学性能研究

采用剑麻纤维(SF)和长玻璃纤维(LGF)混杂增强聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,考察了SF/LGF的比例和含量对PP复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:SF/LGF在聚丙烯树脂基体中呈交叉网状分布,这有利于提高复合材料的冲击强度、弯曲模量、拉伸强度和软化点。在SF/LGF质量比为2 2∶,二者总质量分数为30%时,SF/LGF混杂增强PP复合材料的综合力学性能较好。     

高性能木纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备

采用双螺杆挤出机制备了木纤维（松木粉）增强聚丙烯（PP）复合材料，并对其力学性能及形态结构进行了研究。结果表明，用马来酸酐接枝PP（PP-g-MAH)作增容剂可有效地增加基体与木纤维之间的粘合作用，使木纤维增强PP复合材料的拉伸强度，弯曲强度和弯曲弹性碍都得到很大提高；在木纤维增强PP复合材料中加入三元乙丙橡胶（EPDM）进行增韧，可在高木纤维含量下使复合材料基本保持纯PP的力学性能。     

不饱和聚酯树脂／大麻纤维复合材料紫外老化性能的研究

采用模压工艺制备不饱和聚酯树脂/大麻纤维复合材料,研究紫外线光老化试验对此种复合材料及氨水处理复合材料力学性能的影响,利用红外光谱(FTIR)技术研究老化前后复合材料结构的变化.研究结果表明,氨水处理大麻纤维可以改善复合材料的拉伸性能以及拉伸模量.未处理及氨水处理的复合材料,在试验一个周期后,两种复合材料的拉伸强度较老化前分别提高了10.8%和19.1%,未处理的复合材料的弯曲强度在两个试验周期时达到最大值.氨水处理的复合材料,在试验的第一周期时,拉伸模量下降最快,进一步老化之后,下降幅度明显减缓.氨水处理的复合材料的拉伸模量在第三个试验周期结束时,弯曲模量和冲击强度比未老化前分别上升6.3%和25.3%.FTIR显示,老化后,两种复合材料的吸收峰强度减弱,但氨水处理的复合材料吸收峰强度比未处理的强.     

复合改性PP可用于玻纤增强片材

华东理工大学聚合物加工研究室的科研人员，最近采用复合改性PP作为相容剂，使用熔融浸渍法，制备出玻璃纤维毡增强PP热塑性复合片材。通过加入复合改性PP，改善了基体PP与增强纤维间的相容性，可使复合片材的拉伸强度提高29％，拉伸模量提高23％，弯曲强度提高42％，弯曲模量提高25％。这表明复合改性PP完全可以作为相容剂，而且效果显著。     

高密度聚乙烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯原位成纤增强复合材料的形态与力学性能

用挤出-拉伸-注塑法制得了高密度聚乙烯/聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(HDPE/PET)原位成纤增强复合材料,研究了PET质量分数对PET成纤性和材料拉伸强度及模量的影响及其作用机制。熔体拉伸时分散相液滴的聚结-形变成纤对PET相形态随PET质量分数的变化起关键作用,分散相对基体增强效应和两相界面缺陷效应相互竞争是决定拉伸强度随PET质量分数变化的重要因素,纤维对基体增刚作用受纤维数量和细度的双重控制是决定材料拉伸模量与PET质量分数关系的支配因素。     

PP/甘蔗皮纤维复合材料的拉伸性能

采用热压工艺制造聚丙烯(PP)/甘蔗皮纤维复合材料,并研究其拉伸性能。研究热压温度为175℃、压力为2 MPa、时间15 min工艺条件下纤维粒径大小和质量分数对复合材料拉伸强度和拉伸弹性模量的影响。结果表明:在甘蔗皮纤维质量分数为40%条件下,复合材料拉伸性能随着粒径减小呈现先增加后减少的趋势,当纤维粒径为40~60目(0.45~0.3 mm)时材料拉伸强度最大,为8.58 MPa,此时弹性模量为2.44 GPa;在相同纤维粒径40~60目条件下,纤维质量分数为40%时PP复合材料拉伸强度最大,纤维质量分数为50%时PP复合材料拉伸弹性模量最大,达到2.65 GPa。根据实验结果,甘蔗皮纤维增强PP复合材料在纤维粒径为40~60目、质量分数在40%时综合拉伸性能最佳。     

Preparation and performance of braid‐reinforced poly(vinyl chloride) hollow fiber membranes

A novel braid‐reinforced (BR) poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) hollow fiber membrane was fabricated via dry‐wet spinning process. The mixtures of PVC polymer solutions were uniformly coated on the tubular braid which contained polyester (PET) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) fibers. The influences of braid composition on structure and performance of BR PVC hollow fiber membranes were investigated. The results showed that the prepared BR PVC hollow fiber membranes were composed of two layers which contained separation layer and tubular braid supported layer when the PET and PET/PAN hybrid tubular braids were used as the reinforcement. But the sandwich structure appeared when the PAN tubular braid was used as the reinforcement, which revealed outer separation layer, tubular braid supported layer and the inner polymer layer. The BR PVC hollow fiber membranes that prepared by PET/PAN hybrid tubular braid had favorable interfacial bonding state compared with the membrane prepared by pure PET or PAN tubular braid. The pure water flux of the BR PVC hollow fiber membranes that prepared by the PET/PAN hybrid tubular braid were lower than that prepared by pure PET or PAN tubular braid, but the rejection of Bovine serum albumin was opposite. The tensile strength of prepared BR PVC hollow fiber membrane was higher than 50 MPa. Both of the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with the increase of the PAN filaments in the PET/PAN hybrid tubular braid. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 45068.     

冻融循环下沙漠砂纤维混凝土损伤模型研究

为研究冻融循环作用下沙漠砂纤维混凝土的损伤模型,对沙漠砂纤维混凝土进行0次、25次、50次、75次、100次、125次及150次的快速冻融试验,分析不同冻融循环次数后沙漠砂纤维混凝土相对动弹性模量、抗压强度及劈裂抗拉强度的衰减规律。结合试验数据,基于指数函数和二次函数建立沙漠砂纤维混凝土的冻融损伤劣化模型。结果表明:与沙漠砂混凝土相比,掺入聚丙烯纤维的沙漠砂混凝土的抗冻融能力有效提高;相对动弹性模量随冻融循环次数的增加而下降;与未冻融相比,150次冻融循环后,沙漠砂纤维混凝土的抗压强度降低了49.5%,劈裂抗拉强度降低了70.13%;建立了两种冻融循环下沙漠砂纤维混凝土损伤模型,其计算值与试验值吻合较好,可为沙漠砂纤维混凝土在严寒地区的应用提供理论参考。     

Shrinkage of short PP and PAN fibers under hot-stage microscope

Marked shrinkage behavior when heated is typical of semicrystalline polymer fibers such as polypropylene (PP) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN). Shrinkage of PP and PAN fibers may give the possibility to control the spalling tendency of fiber concrete under the heat exposure of fire. Cut staple fibers are normally delivered for concrete reinforcement. Modern methods for continuous fibers cannot be used by the end-user for shrinkage determination of commerical staple fiber grades. The shrinkage of five different commercial staple fibers specially designed for concrete reinforcement was studied under a hot-stage microscope. Significant differences in cumulative shrinkages of the various PP and PAN fibers were detected, shrinkages being 3–15% with PP fibers and 6–7% with PAN fibers at a temperature of 150–170°C. At about 160–165°C, PP fibers melt, whereas PAN fibers continue shrinking. Hot-stage microscopy provides a simple and a relatively accurate method for estimating thermal shrinkage of staple PP and PAN fibers, the deviations from measured average values remaining typically at 10–15%. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

碱性环境下不同基体材料GFRP筋的拉伸性能试验研究

玻璃纤维增强聚合物(Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer,简称"GFRP")筋作为一种替代钢筋的新型建筑材料已在混凝土结构中开始使用,研究在模拟混凝土的碱性溶液中,不同基体材料的GFRP筋在90 d浸泡周期内的腐蚀机理、破坏机理及拉伸强度、弹性模量等拉伸力学性能的变化规律。试验结果表明:两种基体材料GFRP筋的典型破坏形式大致相同,均为丝束状炸开的脆性破坏;基体材料为不饱和聚酯树脂基的GFRP筋的拉伸强度会不断降低,弹性模量前期稍有增长,后期也不断降低,最终浸泡周期达到90 d时,其拉伸强度和弹性模量的衰减均低于标准的最低要求;基体材料为乙烯基酯树脂的GFRP筋的拉伸强度会不断降低,但衰减速率要低于基体材料为不饱和聚酯树脂的GFRP筋,而弹性模量变化并不明显,最终浸泡周期达到90 d时,抗拉强度和弹性模量均满足标准规定的最低要求。     

纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂复合材料性能研究

将竹纤维加入到环氧树脂中以形成增强环氧复合材料,研究了竹纤维竹粉和纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）对环氧树脂的力学性能和耐溶剂浸蚀性能的影响。竹纤维含量为15%时,竹纤维/环氧树脂的冲击强度比纯环氧树脂提高50%。纳米SiO2能同时增强和增韧竹纤维/环氧树脂,并提高其耐溶剂浸蚀性能,纳米SiO2含量为4%时,纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂三元复合材料的冲击和拉伸强度分别比未添加纳米SiO2的竹纤维/环氧树脂提高40%和30%。当纳米SiO2/竹纤维/环氧树脂的质量比为4/15/85时,三元复合材料的综合性能较好。     

Mechanical properties and water absorption of fiber‐reinforced polypropylene composites prepared by bagasse and beech fiber

The present study investigates the tensile, flexural, notched Izod impact, and water absorption properties of bagasse and beech reinforced polypropylene (PP) composites as a function of fiber content. The surface of fibers was modified through the use of maleated polypropylene (MAPP) coupling agent. From this study, it was found that mechanical properties increase with an increase in fiber loading in both cases. However, the addition of wood fibers resulted in a decrease in impact strength of the composites. The water absorption property at varying fiber loading was evaluated and found maximum for the BA/PP composites. The weight gains for all specimens were less than 7%. In general, the results showed the usefulness of bagasse fiber as a good alternative and reinforcing agent for composite. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

Synthetic fibers and thermoplastic short‐fiber‐reinforced polymers: Properties and characterization

Among the synthetic fibers, glass fibers (GF) are most widely used in thermoplastic short‐fiber‐reinforced polymers (SFRP), as they offer good strength and stiffness, impact resistance, chemical resistance, and thermal stability at a low price. Carbon fibers (CF) are applied instead of GF, when highest stiffness is required. Other types of synthetic fibers like aramid (AF), basalt (BF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN‐F), polyethylene terephthalate (PET‐F), or polypropylene fibers (PP‐F) are rarely used in SFRP, although they offer some advantages compared with GF. The aim of this article is, to give an overview of various fiber types with regard to their mechanical properties, densities, and prices as well as the performance of their thermoplastic composites. The mechanical properties are presented as Ashby plots of tensile strength versus tensile modulus, both in absolute and specific (absolute value divided by density) values. This overview also focuses on modification of fiber/matrix interaction, as interfacial adhesion has a huge impact on composite performance. A summary of established methods for characterization of fibers, polymers, and composites completes this article. POLYM. COMPOS., 35:227–236, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

High Stiffness Natural Fiber‐Reinforced Hybrid Polypropylene Composites

Abstract

Natural fibers are potentially a high‐performance non‐abrasive reinforcing fiber source. In this study, pulp fibers [including bleached Kraft pulp (BKP) and thermomechanical pulp (TMP)], hemp, flax, and wood flour were used for reinforcing in polypropylene (PP) composite. The results show that pulp fibers, in particular, TMP‐reinforced PP has the highest tensile strength, possibly because pulp fibers were subjected to less severe shortening during compounding, compared to hemp and flax fiber bundles. Maleic‐anhydride grafted PP (MAPP) with high maleic anhydride groups and high molecular weight was more effective in improving strength properties of PP composite as a compatiblizer. Coupled with 10% glass fiber, 40% TMP reinforced PP had a tensile strength of 70 MPa and a specific tensile strength comparable to glass fiber reinforced PP. Thermomechanical pulp was more effective in reinforcing than BKP. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used to aid in the analysis. Polypropylene with high impact strength was also used in compounding to improve the low‐impact strength prevalent in natural fiber‐reinforced PP from injection molding.     

几种纤维在增强混凝土中的应用

介绍了聚丙烯纤维、碳纤维、钢纤维和玻璃纤雏增强混凝土的基本性能,其中聚丙烯纤维有较好的技术经济性能,已在混凝土工程中广泛应用;由于碳纤维等后3种纤维有高强、高模和韧性,可用于次结构甚至主结构的增强或加固用。同时简介了国内外研究情况以及一些实际应用案例,指出今后有待研究的问题和研究的重点及方向。     

Analysis of the tensile modulus of poly(p‐hydroxybenzoate)/poly(ethylene terephthalate)/poly(ethylene 2,6‐naphthalate) ternary polyester composite fibers

Liquid crystalline polymer reinforced plastics were prepared by compounding (PHB/PEN/PET) blends. A fibrillar PHB structure was formed in situ in the PEN/PET matrix under a high elongational flow field during melt‐spinning of the composite fibers. The formation of PHB microfibrils in the composite fiber with different PHB contents and winding speeds was observed. The PHB microfibril reinforced PEN/PET composite fibers exhibited an unexpectedly low tensile modulus. We have evaluated the tensile modulus of the fibers using the non‐modified 22 and a modified 23 Halpin–Tsai model. From the analysis of both models, large differences were found between the theoretical and experimental values of the tensile modulus, and the low value of the tensile modulus of the composite fiber could not adequately be explained by either model. Thus, we analyzed the observed modulus values using the Takayanagi model, 24 which describes the concept of mechanical discontinuities in semi‐crystalline polymers. Using the Takayanagi model, the effective fraction of continuous or discontinuous microfibrils was evaluated. Consequently, we could successfully explain the very low modulus of the PHB/PEN/PET composite fiber, having a large number of PHB microfibrils, using the Takayanagi model. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry