A device for fast quality control of oils

The results of fast quality control of oils by nonstandard methods are reported. The possibility of developing methods of determining the basic indexes of oils — the dielectric loss tangent, the base number based on the measured dielectric constant, and the resistivity — is examined. Motor oils from different manufacturers have different dielectric constants, which allows identifying the manufacturing company. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 46–48, September–October, 2007.     

By-products from production of fuels and lube oils. New possibilities for utilization

The possibility of using by-products from production of fuels and lube oils for manufacturing new coolants to replace the high-quality ceresin-wax products and synthetic resins supplied from abroad — substitutes of products of natural origin (vegetable oils, colophony), and expensive and scarce petrochemical products (indene-coumarone, styrene-indene resins, etc.) was examined.. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 3–5, November–December, 2007.     

Effect of nanovolumes of additives on the properties of motor oils. Theoretical principles

A method is proposed for scattered light correlation spectroscopy for objective evaluation of the effect of water, oxidation products, and particulate contaminants on the size of colloidal formations in petroleum oils with additives. It was shown that to increase the colloidal stability — resistance to separation of oils with additives — and correspondingly improve their performance properties, it is necessary to take into account the intermolecular interactions of the additives in composites and to ensure the minimum change in them under the effect of external factors. The mechanism of the reaction of the additives and their selection for ensuring the assigned performance properties of lube oils is theoretically substantiated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 43–45, May–June, 2008.     

Selective treatment of lube oil distillates using pulsation equipment

The possibility of using pulsation equipment, which has exhibited high efficiency in different areas of chemical engineering and in extraction treatment of lube oil distillates — the feedstock for production of base oils — with selective solvents was investigated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 6–9, January–February, 2008.     

Efficacy of inhibitors in high-temperature catalytic oxidation of hydrocarbon oils

The efficacy of different inhibitors in mineral and synthetic base oils in conditions of high-temperature catalytic oxidation was investigated. It was found that all of the inhibitors investigated only slowed the oxidation reaction in mineral oils, while three of the inhibitors totally stopped the reaction in synthetic oil. The efficacy factors of the inhibitors for different base oils were determined. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 29–31, September–October, 2008.     

Use of hydrogenation processes in production of base oils

A method for improving the environmental characteristics of base oils is described. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 27–28, March–April, 2008.     

Formation of sediment in used industrial oil. Effect of temperature and solvent

Precipitation of sediment caused by external factors — temperature and solvent — is due to the spin nature of the contaminants formed during use of the oil. These paramagnetic contaminants also lead to aging of oils. Their total elimination restores the properties of used oil to the level of the base oil, but requires sufficient energy effects. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 29–31, January–February, 2006.     

Catalytic dewaxing in production of base oils

The higher requirements for the performance characteristics of lubricants and the intensifying competitive struggle of these products on the world market are making it necessary to assimilate new technologies which would allow deliberately altering the composition of base oils as soon as possible. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 23–25, January – February, 2000.     

Conversions of hydrocarbons on ACM catalyst at atmospheric pressure

Aluminum—cobalt—molybdenum catalyst (ACMC) is used for hydrotreating platforming feedstock. Due to the tendency toward gradual replacement of this catalyst by more efficient aluminum—nickel—molybdenum catalyst, the problem of use of ACMC can arise. As demonstrated here, it can be used in reforming of naphtha cuts of gas condensates at atmospheric pressure in small units directly in the fields. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 39 – 41, July – August, 2000.     

Kazakhstan crude oils as sources of feedstock for asphalt production

The results of a study of the physicochemical properties of West Kazakhstan crudes — from the Karaturun, Karsak, and Kara-Arna fields — are reported. The possibility of using these crudes for asphalt production is demonstrated. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 34–36, May–June, 2008.     

Pulsing filters in production of lube oils and waxes. Prospects for introduction

Studies on the development and introduction of a dynamic pulsing filter in production of base oils and solid waxes are continuing. The results of pilot tests of the filter and subsequent calculations demonstrated the high effectiveness of its addition in separation of wax suspensions. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 12–15, March–April, 2007.     

Improving the antioxidant and anticorrosion properties of vegetable oils

Recommendations are given for improving the antioxidant and anticorrosion properties of vegetable oils by etherification with butyl and decyl alcohols on Zeocar-2 catalyst. Technologies are proposed for obtaining lube oils of the “new generation” with different applications by compounding rapeseed oil butyl ether with high-viscosity (viscosity index VI > 150) castor and petroleum oils and all-season oils by thickening rapeseed oil ether with polymethacrylate PMA “D” (VI > 200). __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 41–43, January–February, 2006.     

Rheological properties of lubricants for diesel engines

The effect of viscosity additives from the Viscoplex series on the rheological properties of M-10G₂k lubricants, developed from Baku base oils, was investigated with consideration of current environmental and sanitary-hygienic requirements. It was found that the system consisting of a mineral oil and viscosity additives is characterized by non-Newtonian behavior — at a shear rate of 60–80 sec⁻¹, the character of flow is pseudoplastic — and is distinguished by good starting properties at temperatures from +10 to −20°C. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 32–35, September–October, 2008.     

Mild catalytic hydropyrolysis of high-viscosity, high-sulfur crude oil

The possibility of increasing the light cut content during mild catalytic hydropyrolysis of high— viscosity, high—sulfur crude oil was investigated. The new technology allows attaining a greater than 60 wt. % yield of motor fuels due to decomposition of resins and asphaltenes without expensive catalysts. The <350°C cut obtained can be used without hydrotreating for synthesis of environmentally safe motor fuels. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 10–11, January–February, 2006.     

Quality control of petroleum oils with additives

The performance properties of the initial components and finished product were evaluated during fabrication of models of commercial lube oils by scattered light correlation spectroscopy. This method allows determining the size and average radius of colloidal formations and the stability of colloidal solutions against separation. Using the data obtained, changes can be made in the manufacturing technology and formula of the oils by changing the mixing temperature and parameters of the initial components: the indexes of the base, the sequence of incorporating the additives, and the concentration and composition of the additives. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 1, pp. 46–49, January–February, 2007.     

In the interdepartmental committee on approval and use of fuels, oils, and special fluids

An article by N. A. Usakova, N. N. Grishin, and V. A. Okruzhinov entitled “State testing, certification, and standardization of new fuels and oils” was published in issue No. 2 of the journal in the “Current Problems” section; it discussed problems and achievements in quality control of petroleum products — fuel and lube materials and special fluids from the stage of development to the final stage — organization of industrial production. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 10 – 11, September – October, 1999.     

Afibrous sulfonic acid materials for regeneration of used oils

Filters which are a combination of fibrous polypropylene and sulfonate sorbents with disperse ferromagnetic materials are proposed for regeneration of transformer and industrial oils to the level of commercial oils. When such filters are used, traditional sulfuric acid treatment is eliminated from the production cycle. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 5, pp. 28–30, September–October, 2007.     

Thermophysical properties of transformer and turbine oils

Transformer and turbine oils must have good physicochemical, antioxidant, anticorrosive, and heat transfer properties. The latter are primarily determined by the thermal conductivityλ and isobaric heat capacity c′_p. The thermophysical properties of turbine and transformer oils have been relatively completely investigated at low temperatures and atmospheric pressure. However, the experimental values of parametersλ and c′_p occasionally differ significantly for the same oils, probably due to their origin and manufacturing technology. Translated fromKhimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 6, pp. 26 – 28, November – December, 1999.     

Influence of sulfur compounds on antiwear properties of diesel oils

The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the influence of individual sulfur compounds on the antiwear properties of diesel oils are reported. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No.3, pp. 23 – 27, May – June, 2009.     

Water contamination and colloidal stability of motor oils

Water contamination of motor oils during storage and use in low-temperature conditions cause formation of deposits. These deposits, which consist of asphaltenes and additives, characterize the colloidal stability of the oils. A decrease in the concentration of additives worsens the performance properties of the motor oils. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, p. 33–34, July–August, 2006.