噻森铜对水稻白叶枯病和细菌性条斑病室内杀菌活性

噻森铜是一种新杀细菌剂。室内活体杀菌活性测定表明，噻森铜对水稻白叶枯病菌和细菌性条斑病菌的毒力EC50分别为160．69、214．47mg/L，与噻枯唑差异不显著；离体抑菌活性测定显示，噻森铜抑菌作用明显低于噻枯唑，噻森铜的作用机制可能不同于噻枯唑。噻森铜具有良好的开发和应用前景。     

气相色谱法测定噻虫嗪在稻田中的残留

建立了气相色谱法测定糙米、谷壳、植株、土壤和稻田水中噻虫嗪残留量的方法。结果表明,噻虫嗪在0.010 8～1.08 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,相关系数为0.999 8,在各自的添加水平下,噻虫嗪在糙米、谷壳、植株、土壤和稻田水中的平均回收率为83%～107%,变异系数为0.6%～9.8%。噻虫嗪在稻田水中的定量限(LOQ)为0.005 4 mg/L,在糙米、土壤中的定量限均为0.011 mg/kg,在谷壳、植株中的定量限均为0.054 mg/kg。     

固相萃取—高效液相色谱法测定环境水体中的噻虫嗪

建立了固相萃取—高效液相色谱法测定环境水体中噻虫嗪的方法,在0.01mg/L～5.0 mg/L范围内线性关系良好,检出限为0.01mg/L,变异系数为5.54%,平均回收率为93.82%。     

8种杀菌剂对棉花立枯丝核菌的室内毒力测定

采用菌落直径法,分别测定了6大类8种常用杀菌剂对棉花立枯丝核菌的室内毒力。结果表明,8种供试杀菌剂对立枯丝核菌的防治效果均较好,其中三唑类己唑醇的毒力最高,EC50值为0.089 mg/L;异菌脲、咯菌腈、氟硅唑、多菌灵和丙环唑的毒力也较高,EC50为0.1-1.0 mg/L;咪鲜胺和福美双对棉花立枯丝核菌的毒力分别为2.510、2.790 mg/L,仍有较好的作用。     

不同杀菌剂对板栗褐缘叶枯病菌的毒力及田间药效

板栗褐缘叶枯病为近些年来新发现的严重危害板栗的病害,采用菌丝生长速率法,测定了9种杀菌剂对板栗褐缘叶枯病菌的毒力,在此基础上进行了田间药效试验.室内毒力测定结果表明:戊唑醇、氟硅唑、烯唑醇、苯醚甲环唑、咪鲜胺、代森锰锌、异菌脲、百菌清、甲基硫菌灵的EC50值分别为1.2384、2.2387、4.1926、5.5261、8.2450、91.8217、100.0491、201.5959、219.4009 mg/L;25%戊唑醇EW(500 mg/L)、40%氟硅唑EC(167 mg/L)、45%咪鲜胺EW(333 mg/L)、10%苯醚甲环唑WG(333 mg/L)、70%甲基硫菌灵WP(1250 mg/L)和75%百菌清WP(1250 mg/L)对板栗褐缘叶枯病的田间防治效果分别为90.4%、88.9%、82.2%、77.9%、56.9%和51.6%,其他参试药剂防效较差.     

石墨烯修饰电极用于电化学发光法测定赛庚啶的研究

基于赛庚啶对联吡啶钌电化学发光的增敏作用,采用石墨烯修饰玻碳电极制备电致化学发光传感器,建立电致化学发光检测赛庚啶的新方法。采用循环伏安法(CV)和电致化学发光法(ECL)研究了盐酸赛庚啶的电化学行为和电化学发光行为,结果表明,该修饰电极对赛庚啶-联吡啶钌体系具有良好的电化学发光响应,在材料修饰量为4.0μL,电解质溶液为pH 8.0的磷酸缓冲溶液,联吡啶钌浓度为4.0×10^(-4) mol/L,扫描速度为100 mV/s,高压值为800 V的最优条件下,盐酸赛庚啶浓度在2.0×10(-4) mol/L,扫描速度为100 mV/s,高压值为800 V的最优条件下,盐酸赛庚啶浓度在2.0×10^(-7)～1.0×10(-7)～1.0×10^(-4)mol/L范围内与相应发光强度呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为y=946.92x+1 082.21 (R(-4)mol/L范围内与相应发光强度呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为y=946.92x+1 082.21 (R²=0.996 9),检出限(S/N=3)为6.4×102=0.996 9),检出限(S/N=3)为6.4×10^(-8) mol/L,样品回收率在97.25%～104.33%之间,RSD为2.78%。该方法具有良好的灵敏度和选择性,可以用于小分子药物盐酸赛庚啶的测定。     

联吡啶钌体系电化学发光法测定盐酸曲马多的研究

盐酸曲马多是含苯环结构的叔胺类化合物,对联吡啶钌的电致化学发光具有显著的增强作用.本文采用循环伏安(CV)和电致化学发光(ECL)法,研究了该体系的电化学行为和电化学发光行为,首次将铅笔芯作为电极用于电致化学发光体系,建立了一种测定盐酸曲马多的电化学发光新方法.在0.1 mol/L的PBS(pH 8.50)缓冲溶液中,扫描速度为100mV/s时,该ECL的峰高与盐酸曲马多在3.0×10～5.0×10-8moL/L浓度范围内呈线性关系(r=0.999 4,n=14),其线性回归方程为,(counts)=33.802×106c 131.57,方法检出限为1.5 x 10-8 mol/L(S/N=3).连续测定2.0×10-5 mol/L的盐酸曲马多溶液10次,发光强度值的RSD为1.80%.对样品进行加标回收率试验,回收率为92.5%～101.4%.该方法具有较高的选择性和灵敏度,样品处理简单快速,用于盐酸曲马多片剂的测定,结果满意.     

不同药剂对芦笋茎枯病菌的毒力及药效评价

采用菌丝生长速率法测定了6种杀菌剂对芦笋茎枯病病菌Phomopsis asparagi(Sacc.) Bubak的毒力并进行了田间药效试验.室内测定结果表明:10%苯醚甲环唑WG抑制芦笋茎枯病菌菌丝生长的EC50和EC50值分别为7.1984、114.1211 mg/L,43%戊唑醇SC抑制芦笋茎枯病菌菌丝生长的EC50和EC50值分别为7.4241、47.1322 mg/L.10%苯醚甲环唑WG 750 g/hm2、43%戊唑醇SC 750 mL/hm2对芦笋茎枯病的防效分别为95.3%和93.8%,两药剂之间无显著差异;其他4种药剂抑制芦笋茎枯病菌菌丝的EC50值为32.4174～1 941.6400 mg/L,对芦笋茎枯病的防效为60.1%～82.2%,4种药剂对芦笋茎枯病的防效显著低于10%苯醚甲环唑WG和43%戊唑醇SC的防效,6种药剂在试验剂量内对芦笋植株安全.     

羟自由基化学发光体系测定抗坏血酸

研究发现,铁(Ⅲ)与过氧化氢在酸性条件下生成羟自由基(·OH),羟自由基(·OH)和罗丹明6G(Rh6G)混合可以产生微弱的化学发光,抗坏血酸可以增敏其微弱化学发光,结合流动注射技术,建立了一种新的抗坏血酸化学发光分析法.增敏的化学发光强度与2.0×10-6～8.0×10-4 mg/mL范围内的抗坏血酸呈良好线性,检出限为1×10-6 mg/mL(3σ),对5.0×10-5mg/mL的抗坏血酸平行测定11次,其相对标准偏差为3.1%.文章最后对其反应的可能机理进行了探讨.     

石墨烯修饰电极用于电化学发光法测定赛庚啶的研究

基于赛庚啶对联吡啶钌电化学发光的增敏作用,采用石墨烯修饰玻碳电极制备电致化学发光传感器,建立电致化学发光检测赛庚啶的新方法。采用循环伏安法(CV)和电致化学发光法(ECL)研究了盐酸赛庚啶的电化学行为和电化学发光行为,结果表明,该修饰电极对赛庚啶-联吡啶钌体系具有良好的电化学发光响应,在材料修饰量为4.0μL,电解质溶液为pH 8.0的磷酸缓冲溶液,联吡啶钌浓度为4.0×10~(-4) mol/L,扫描速度为100 mV/s,高压值为800 V的最优条件下,盐酸赛庚啶浓度在2.0×10~(-7)～1.0×10~(-4)mol/L范围内与相应发光强度呈现良好的线性关系,线性方程为y=946.92x+1 082.21 (R~2=0.996 9),检出限(S/N=3)为6.4×10~(-8) mol/L,样品回收率在97.25%～104.33%之间,RSD为2.78%。该方法具有良好的灵敏度和选择性,可以用于小分子药物盐酸赛庚啶的测定。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。