纪村水电站机组效率试验与效率在线监测系统建立

纪村水电站水轮机组是运行超过30a的轴流转桨式机组,为提高机组性能,对2台机组进行绝对效率试验。文中重点介绍了效率试验的方法和成果,求解了轴流转桨式水轮机导叶开度与桨叶转角的最优协联关系,以提高机组运行效益。采用多声路超声波流量计建立了机组效率在线监测系统,以加强机组实时状态监视,充分挖掘旧机组潜力,为指导水电厂经济优...     

大型水轮机相对效率监测及精度的研究

大型水轮机效率是水轮机运行的一个重要指标,我国许多水电厂逐步安装相对和绝对效率在线监测装置,对水轮机效率的监测以提高机组经济效益．通过多年的真机测试,分析了若干电厂真机效率实测信号数据,并就相对效率测试在蜗壳差压管道安装稳压筒、信号滤波方法以及效率测试的精度等问题进行讨论．     

喜河水力发电厂自动复中调速器概述

介绍了喜河水力发电厂三台机组水轮机调速器技术规范、功能特点、工作原理、运行状态转换、主要电气元器件特性以及开停机特性。     

丰满发电厂水电机组运行方式优化研究

为提高水能利用率和机组运行的安全稳定性,以丰满发电厂为例,研究了机组优化运行方式.考虑机组运行工况的稳定性及机组开停机损失,建立了水电机组基于耗水流量特性全成本最小数学模型,采用动态规划算法对丰满发电厂的实际运行数据优化计算,并将优化结果与实际结果进行比较分析.结果表明,该算法求解时间短、求解精度高.     

机组状态监测与故障诊断系统在紧水滩水电厂的应用

介绍紧水滩水电厂机组状态监测系统的构成，分析振动摆度监测、水力压力脉动监测、水轮机效率监测、水轮机汽蚀监测的技术特点，以及智能故障诊断系统的基本结构。     

巨型水电厂开停机过程中的有功功率自动调节方法

巨型水电厂单机容量大,其开停机过程中有功功率的大幅度调节,对电网功率平衡形成较大冲击,影响电网的安全稳定运行,需采用有效调节方法,减少负荷调节对电网冲击。某巨型水电厂通常按照负荷曲线两点间拉斜线运行方式,由于该电厂机组开机或停机需跨越非常大的非稳定运行区,常规AGC分配需避开非稳定运行区,因此开停机过程只能手动调功,全厂有功调节过程需尽可能靠近曲线两点线性插值,这对于运行人员是一个很大挑战。鉴于此,本文介绍一种巨型水电厂开停机AGC自动调功方法,采取有功补偿调节方法,针对开机和停机等多种工况,分别介绍有功功率的自动调节策略。     

650 MW水轮机调节系统非线性模型研究

近年来随着水电的快速发展,各水电站都以大型机组为主,但现有的大部分水轮机调速系统的模型都是针对小机组建立的.重点分析了液压随动系统、引水系统及水轮机存在的非线性因素,建立了650 MW机组的非线性模型.在Matlab/Simulink中搭建了相应的水轮机调节系统非线性仿真模型,并根据云南省某水电厂650 MW机组进行了参数设置,通过仿真实验验证了该模型的准确性.     

安康水电厂4号水轮发电机组接力器导管拉伤的分析与处理

接力器在水轮机导水机构中起着转换和传递动力的重要作用。安康水电厂四号水轮发电机组接力器由于多种原因产生导管拉伤现象，影响了机组的安全与稳定运行。本文论述了对导管拉伤情况的测试与分析，并经过在大修中的正确处理，使接力器的运行状况得到明显改善。     

混流式水轮机机组运行稳定性区域检测

水电机组在带负荷运行过程中,水力机械振动会引起机组不稳定运行。为了掌握水电厂机组运行稳定性情况,需对其进行变负荷真机试验。在某水电厂3#混流式水轮机机组空载、满负荷等13种运行工况下进行试验,现场实测各运行工况下振动、摆度和压力脉动的变化,并分析机组运行稳定性及存在的缺陷。结果表明,从机组振动、摆度、压力脉动数据和现场评估综合分析,该试验机组稳定运行区间为25～40 MW。研究为机组安全、稳定运行提供了一定的技术依据。     

基于综合运行特性模型的某抽水蓄能机组发电工况运行区域划分

为科学划分某抽水蓄能机组在发电工况下的运行区域,考虑水轮机效率、机组稳定性及噪声等工况特征指标建立了机组运行综合特性模型,分别在低(310m)、中(320m)、高(330m)特征静水头下进行现场水轮机效率、机组稳定性和噪声试验,每个水头下的试验工况包括了发电工况下从空载到额定负荷间阶梯式选取的13个负荷工况。以水轮机效率、机组稳定性及噪声等测试数据为基础,依据主机合同技术规范中的相关要求将试验机组在不同试验水头下发电工况的运行区域划分为《水力发电厂和蓄能泵站机组机械振动的评定》中推荐划分的A区(高效稳定区)、B区(过渡限运区)、C区(强振禁运区)。研究成果为电网调度中心合理制订该机组在发电工况的负荷计划提供了依据。     

Dispatch modeling of a regional power generation system – Integrating wind power

A modeling tool has been developed which can be used to analyze interaction between intermittent wind power generation and thermal power plant generation in a regional electricity grid system. The model uses a mixed integer programming (MIP) approach to determine the power plant dispatch strategy which yields the lowest systems costs. In the model, each large thermal plant is described separately, including properties such as start-up time, start-up cost and minimum load level. The model is evaluated using western Denmark as a case study.For western Denmark, it is found that the inclusion of start-up performance (i.e. start-up time and related costs) and minimum load level of the power generating units have a significant impact on the results. It is shown that the inclusion of these aspects influences the analysis of the effect of wind power variations on the production patterns of thermal units in the system. The model demonstrates how the introduction of wind power production and associated variations change the dispatch order of the large thermal power plants in the western Denmark system so that the unit with the lowest running costs no longer has the highest capacity factor. It is shown that this effect only is detected if start-up performance and minimum load level limitations are included in the optimization. It can also be concluded that start-up performance and minimum load level must be taken into account if the total system costs and emissions are not to be underestimated. The simulations show that if these aspects are disregarded, both total costs and total emissions of the power system are underestimated, with 5% in the case of western Denmark. Models such as the one developed in this work can be efficient tools to understand the effects of large-scale wind power integration in a power generation system with base load plants.     

基于遗传算法的水电站厂内经济运行模型研究

针对水电站厂内经济运行中需要考虑的关键问题，建立了相关的数学模型。根据该模型的特点，提出了一种基于遗传算法求解的新思路。该算法采用浮点数编码技术和以发电运行总成本倒数为适应度函数，并设计了一些启发式技术和遗传操作算予有效地处理模型中的各种约束条件，使得算法在遗传操作迭代过程中的所有个体都是可行解。实例研究表明，模型合理，算法可行、有效。     

Pumped-storage unit commitment with considerations for energy demand,economics, and environmental constraints

Aside from their zero fuel costs, the pumped-storage units can reduce emissions of thermal generating units. The objective of this study is to investigate (a) thermal unit commitment with considerations for environmental constraints (ECUC), and (b) pumped-storage and thermal unit commitment with considerations for environmental constraints (PSECUC) based on a new optimization methodology. The PSECUC determines the start-up and shut-down schedules of pumped-storage and thermal generating units that meet the required demand so that the costs for fuel, start-up, and emissions (TC) are minimized. For the ECUC (thermal generating units only), the results show improvements of 0.03 and 0.50% in TC and excess emissions (EXEM), respectively. For the PSECUC, it is determined that 2-pumped-storage units can simultaneously decrease the TC and EXEM by 1.20 and 60%, respectively.     

机组启停调峰与提高运行机组负荷率的经济性分析

以大唐韩城第二发电有限责任公司4台机组为研究对象,在整理不同机组启停费用和不同负荷工况下供电煤耗等数据的基础上,通过计算机仿真模拟,得出在不同负荷工况下的最优供电煤耗及机组开机方式,并对机组调峰停运时运行机组负荷率的提高所得到的供电煤耗降低收益与与机组启停成本进行比较分析,得出收益变化的调峰时间、调峰运行方式等边界条件,为科学决策调峰方式提供依据,在实际应用中具有重要的指导意义。     

Emission constrained unit-commitment (ECUC)

This paper presents a short-term unit commitment approach that incorporates environmental externalities into electric utility operations decision-making. The suggested approach identifies the least cost action for achieving daily or weekly emission targets. The problem formulation includes all standard system constraints, and explicitly addresses variable emission during start-up, operation, and shut-down of electric generating units. The problem is solved using a Lagrangian relaxation-based algorithm which offers a practical approach to the emission constrained unit commitment problem     

计及不确定性的多类型发电机组联合调度优化模型

为了促进可再生能源并网,解决可再生能源机组在内的多类型发电机组联合优化调度问题,引入全额收购可再生能源发电,由火电机组提供备用、允许适度弃风,由火电机组提供备用以及水火机组联合提供备用的可再生能源发电三种不同方案。首先构建了涵盖风、光伏、水力机组的可再生能源机组发电处理模型;再结合设定的三种方案组建了多类型发电机组节能调度优化模型;最后,基于基础数据,得出该节能调度优化模型的发电系统总煤耗、备用煤耗、系统发电成本、启停成本、弃风量及弃水量等关键指标的优化效果,对多类型发电机组联合调度优化具有一定的指导意义。     

世界与中国发电量和装机容量的预测模型

对国内外权威机构预测的发电量、煤电装机容量与核电装机容量的数据进行了分析,应用多项式拟合方法建立了预测模型以及准确性的检验方法.预测了2010～2034年间世界的发电量、燃煤发电装机容量和非经济合作与发展组织国家的核电装机容量以及中国的发电量、煤电和核电装机容量.误差分析和拟合精度检验结果表明,所建数学模型拟合现有数据的效果非常好.预测结果表明国内外电力发展前景看好.     

含分布式发电并网虚拟发电厂鲁棒优化经济调度方法

文章基于鲁棒优化理论建立了虚拟发电厂最优经济调度模型。首先以虚拟发电厂发电净收益最大为目标函数,计及出力计划约束、机组运行约束、机组启停约束、储能运行约束等必要约束条件建立系统优化运行模型;然后考虑风光出力区间不确定性,以风光出力为自然决策者,以虚拟发电厂为系统决策者,分别制定博弈策略和支付,建立虚拟发电厂最优经济调度鲁棒优化模型,并对其Nash均衡点进行分析;基于两阶段松弛法将所建立的鲁棒优化模型转化为有限可解的步骤;最后通过一个算例验证了所建立的模型在制定虚拟发电厂运行计划方面的经济优势。     

Simulations and field tests of a reactor coolant pump emergencystart-up by means of remote gas units

The problem of the emergency start-up of a nuclear reactor coolant pump (RCP) by means of remote gas turbine power plant units is analyzed. A simulation model was developed which enabled a detailed simulation of the transient process occurring at the start up. The start-up of the RCP motor set was simulated for the cases of one and two gas units. Field tests were performed and the measured variable values agreed with the simulation results. Two gas units have been determined as a safe start-up scheme for the RCP motor set meeting the stringent protection restrictions imposed on the voltage and currents of the RCP and on 6.3 kV busbars of the safety-related house load. A model for deep rotor bars was experimentally confirmed as an effective means of the RCP motor set start-up transient simulation. Start-up procedures have been designed and adopted to conform to the safety procedures of a nuclear power plant     

增压流化床锅炉床下点火启动过程的研究与应用

分别在实验室规模常压模拟增压流化床燃烧室和１５ＭＷｅ ＰＦＢＣ－ＣＣ联合循环中试电站６０ｔ／ｈ蒸 发量的ＰＦＢＣ锅炉上进行了增压流化床锅炉床下点火启动特性的试验研究和应用实践．试验了热烟气点 燃流化床的煤种适应性;研究了加煤床温、埋管受热面、热烟气温度和流化风量等参数对床层冷启动和热 启动过程的影响规律．验证了为增压流化床锅炉设计的启动系统中带有气封结构风室的可靠性和烟气分 布的均匀性。考察了增压流化床在深床运行中实施压火后,能再次热启动的条件及所需的燃油量和煤量 的变化。将热烟气床下点火技术和热烟气与主燃风的同风室结构应用于中国第一座ＰＦＢＣ－ＣＣ中试电站, 取得了点火过程稳定可靠和安全的效果．