浅析新型节能环保功能性建筑材料及其应用发展

随着我国经济建设地迅猛发展,国家综合实力大幅提高,人们越来越重视建设行业地发展,建筑材料的选择在整个建设行业的发展至关重要,新型节能环保功能性材料更是已经成为建筑材料的一大研究热点,本文就新型节能环保功能性建筑材料种类及研究现状做了具体阐述,同时对其发展前景提出了自己的观点。     

浅谈新型节能环保性建筑材料

针对目前我国建筑材料的发展现状,论述了节约型社会发展新型节能建材的必要性及几种新型节能环保功能性建筑材料。     

新型节能环保功能性建筑材料的性能研究

本文对新型节能环保功能性建筑材料的分类与性能进行阐述,并提出一些对该材料的改良措施。     

绿色建筑材料体系在现代建筑中的应用探析

阐述了绿色建筑材料的主要类别,从混凝土、木材、保温隔热材料、防水材料等角度,分析了绿色建筑材料体系的功能性应用内容,并研究了多层板式复合体系和薄板钢骨钢结构体系的应用。     

基于检测的常用建筑材料质量成因分析

建筑材料作为建设工程密不可分的主要构成,其质量优劣对工程质量有着重要影响.本文依托某检测机构2018至2020年间建筑材料的检测情况,结合检测数据和检测结果,从材料性状以及质量管理角度,微观和宏观相结合,对建筑工程中常用的主体结构原材料、功能性材料、安全防护用具、水电材料等进行质量成因分析,旨在提出建筑材料多发质量问题...     

新建本科院校建筑材料实验课程教学改革初探

针对新建本科院校建筑材料实验课程教学现状,分析了传统建筑材料实验课程教学存在的问题,提出了建筑材料实验课程教学改革的措施,以期实现应用型人才培养的目标。     

新型建筑材料的发展及应用

建筑行业的兴起为人们创造了良好的居住环境,许多新型建筑材料得到推广与应用,使建筑具有防水、保温、装饰等效果,在建筑施工过程中应用新型建筑材料不仅可在视觉上优化建筑效果,还可帮助用户提升绿色、环保、节能等良好居住体验,同时又兼顾建筑的功能性。新型建筑材料的优势决定了它的良好发展前景,对于建筑市场的可持续发展有着不可忽视的推动作用。本文对新型建材进行了分类介绍,并列举了其特点与优势,对其在密封、隔热、装饰、防水上的应用情况进行了集中论述。     

绿色建材综合评价体系研究

建筑技术的发展依赖于建筑材料,绿色建筑的设计更需要绿色建材的支撑。为综合评价建筑材料的绿色程度,形成选材共识,本文运用生命周期评价方法(LCA)界定了建筑材料的评价范围,建立了建筑材料功能性、环境影响和经济性相关联的综合评价体系,并以预拌混凝土为例,细化环境影响指标,探讨了典型材料的绿色度问题。结果表明,工矿业副产品及建筑垃圾替代传统混凝土原材料可明显改善混凝土对环境的影响,降低能耗,其中粉尘类固体废弃物的减少尤为显著。     

浅析建筑材料难燃性试验方法

自从改革开放以来,我国的经济在不断的发展,当然,建筑材料工业也不例外,发展态势突飞猛进。在我国建筑物的内装饰中,很多新型的复合建筑材料被广泛的应用,但是,这些新型材料的应用也给我国居民带来了安全隐患,因为很多的新型复合建筑材料都具有可燃性,只要达到燃点,就会有自燃的隐患。因此,对建筑材料难燃性的实验就显得尤为重要,这不仅是一个实验,更是关系到千万人的人身财产安全。在本文中,笔者通过对建筑材料难燃性进行试验,以此对我国建筑材料难燃性的试验方法进行分析研究,并借此文对我国的建筑材料难燃性试验,提出新的思路。     

建筑材料对室内空气质量的影响及其评价

在人们对于住宅建筑的功能性和美观性的要求不断提高的当下,人们更加重视建筑材料使用、室内空气质量、室内装修等一系列的问题。然而,在实际的室内装修的过程当中,为了达到各种不同的装修效果和功能要求,会使用大量的建筑材料和建筑装饰材料,这些材料当中可能会包含某些有毒有害的物质。本文首先分析了对室内空气质量产生影响的建筑材料的特点,然后分析了现阶段建筑材料对室内空气质量产生的一系列影响,最后分析了室内空气质量受到建筑材料影响的评价标准,希望能够为促进我国的建筑装修事业发展贡献绵薄之力。     

混凝土创新实验教学浅谈

针对高校在传统混凝土实验教学中以"教师为主,学生为辅"的被动局面,提出了独立开设混凝土创新实验课程的建议。以"学生为中心,小组为单位",从实验方案的设计到实验过程的实施、实验数据的处理等均由学生自主完成。通过混凝土创新实验教学的实施,学生的科研能力、创新能力明显提高,教学效果较为显著。     

土木工程材料实验的层次化教学模式

以三峡大学土木工程材料实验的教学改革为例,将实验教学项目分为两个层次,即基本层次实验项目和创新性层次的实验项目,从实验教学项目的层次化、教学组织与实施、教学方法等方面,阐述了建筑材料实验教学的层次化新模式,提出了实现这一教学模式长效机制的保障措施,涉及实验项目选题、经费来源、实验室管理制度、过程化管理及师资队伍建设等5个方面。     

Transport of microsporidium Encephalitozoon intestinales spores in sandy porous media

The retention and transport of microsporidium Encephalitozoon intestinales spores in two water-saturated sandy porous media was investigated in this study. The initial breakthrough of the spores in the column effluent occurred essentially simultaneously with that of a non-reactive tracer, indicating no significant velocity enhancement. A large fraction (45-73%) of the spores injected into the columns was not recovered in the effluent, indicating removal from solution through colloid retention processes of attachment and/or straining. The relative significance of attachment and straining to total retention was evaluated in additional experiments. An experiment was conducted with a sieved coarse fraction of porous media for which straining is unlikely to be of significance based on the relative diameters of the spores and porous-medium pores. The spore recovery for this experiment was similar to the recoveries obtained for microsporidia transport in the un-sieved parent porous medium. An additional experiment was conducted with a subsample of the coarse fraction that was acid-washed to reduce potential surface attachment sites. Spore recovery was complete for this experiment. These results suggest surface deposition was the primary removal mechanism in our system. This conclusion is supported by the results of an experiment wherein deionized water was flushed through a column that was previously flushed with electrolyte solution. The effluent spore concentrations were observed to increase upon injection of deionized water, indicating re-mobilization of spores upon a change in water chemistry. The measured data were successfully simulated using a mathematical model incorporating colloid filtration. The results of this study suggest that the transport of microspordia in sandy porous media is governed by established colloid-transport processes.     

The effects of outdoor air supply rate on work performance during 8-h work period

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of ventilation rate on work performance and perceived air quality through short-term laboratory experiments. The experiment was designed to simulate office work, and a laboratory space was modified using new finish materials to become a typical office space. High levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were found in the exposure chamber, most probably originating from the new finishing materials that were present. Twenty-four subjects were divided into six groups that were randomly exposed to the three ventilation rates, 5, 10, and 20 l/s per person. The subjects performed work tasks three separate times for each ventilation rate over an 8-h exposure period. The work performance of the subjects logarithmically improved with increased ventilation rates, which was similar to the previous research findings. Statistical significance was found for addition task, text-typing task, and memorization task. Increased work performance in this experiment was slightly lower than the results of previous short-term laboratory experiments, yet remained higher than results of previous long-term field experiments. However, it was difficult to directly compare the results of this experiment with those of previous experiments, because of the higher concentration of VOC present in the office rooms and the learning effect associated with the repeated tasks. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: The results of this experiment show that ventilation had positive impacts on perceived air quality and work performance for the subjects tested. Work performance logarithmically increased by approximately 2.5-5% as ventilation rates were increased from 5 to 20 l/s per person. The positive effect of ventilation rate on work performance was shown to be limited at the low ventilation rate. The positive effects on work performance were at lower ventilation rates. The learning effect in repeated work performance tasks could increase the uncertainty of the work performance analysis in 8-h exposure period.     

Electrodialytic remediation of CCA-treated waste wood in a 2 m(3) pilot plant

Waste wood that has been treated with chromated-copper-arsenate (CCA) poses a potential environmental problem due to the content of copper, chromium and arsenic. A pilot plant for electrodialytic remediation of up to 2 m(3) wood has been designed and tested and the results are presented here. Several process parameters were investigated, and it was found that the use of collecting units and soaking of the wood prior to the electrodialytic process had a positive influence on the remediation process. There was a tendency towards higher removal of CCA from wood chips <2 cm, compared to larger wood size fractions. The best remediation efficiency was obtained in an experiment with an electrode distance of 60 cm, and 100 kg wood chips. In this experiment 87% copper, 81% chromium and >95% arsenic were removed. One other experiment was also analysed for arsenic. In this experiment the distance between the working electrodes was 1.5 m and here 95% As was removed. The results showed that arsenic may be the easiest removable of the copper, chromium and arsenic investigated here. This is very encouraging since arsenic is the CCA components of most environmental concern.     

钢筋混凝土简支板受火性能的有限元分析

针对钢筋混凝土简支板恒载下受火性能进行了有限元分析，并与试验结果进行了对照，解释了试验过程中出现的以前没有被认识的试验现象，进一步了解了火灾下钢筋混凝土简支板截面温度场分布规律及跨中挠度的变化趋势．     

以城市污水为热(冷)源的供热与空调系统实验研究

城市污水蕴含大量的可利用热(冷)能,是尚待开发利用的低品位能源。为研究城市污水热(冷)能的开发利用技术,笔者研制了以城市污水为热(冷)源的供热与空调实验系统,采用间接换热的方法回收城市污水的热(冷)能,解决了由于污水水质造成的换热设备及管道的腐蚀问题,为实际工程应用奠定了技术基础。研究结果表明:该系统各项技术指标稳定,满足建筑物冬季供热及夏季空调的负荷要求;测得平均供热系数为3.2,平均制冷系数为3.64,具有良好的节能性和经济性。     

Influence of various concentrations of selenic acid (IV) on the activity of soil enzymes

The aim of this experiment was the assessment of the influence of various concentrations of H2SeO3 (0.05, 0.5 and 5 mM) on the activity of soil enzymes over 112 days. The lab experiment was performed using soil samples (dust-silt black soil of 1.92% organic C content, pH 7.7), 60% maximal water capacity. The soil samples were treated with a selenic acid water solution at the concentrations mentioned above. As a reference, natural soil was used (without the selenic acid). The activity of the following enzymes was tested: beta-glucosidase, nitrate reductase, urease, dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatases. The soil was sampled at days 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 28, 56 and 112. The results of the study have shown that the selenic acid had no effect on the activity of the beta-glucosidase in soil. In the course of the whole experiment, the applied selenic acid inhibited activity of the nitrate reductase up to 70% at 5 mM, and the activity of dehydrogenase was also decreased--by up to 85% at 5 mM, similarly to urease (with the exception of days 14 and 28), and acid phosphatase (until day 56). The activity of alkaline phosphatase was increased by the lowest concentration of selenic acid and decreased by the highest, which was found in the course of the whole experiment. The 5-mM concentration of selenic acid inhibited the activity of all the enzymes tested in this experiment.     

The environmental impact of heavy metals from sewage sludge in ferralsols (São Paulo, Brazil)

The spreading of sewage sludge on acidic ferralsol soil was simulated in a column experiment in order to estimate the potential impact on water and soil quality. Drainage and runoff water were sampled daily over a 2-month experiment and analysed for Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb and DOC. Results show a clear influence of the sludge on the water quality, especially at the start of the experiment, increasing the export of Cu, Ni, Pb and in DOC from the soil, mainly in dissolved form. Nickel was usually the most mobile element in the sludge and in the soil. In the soil, Pb mobility was complex and increased drastically with time compared to the other elements. No significant increase in soil heavy metal content due to the sludge spreading was recorded on this time scale.     

碳纤维加固因冻害开裂混凝土应用研究

采用碳纤维加固技术 ,对因受冻害而发生开裂的混凝土结构进行了加固处理。通过实验和实际工程验证了碳纤维加固混凝土技术的可行性 ,并对实际工程应用中存在的问题及今后的研究方向进行了探讨。