基于 环形对称Gabor变换和分块PCA的人脸识别方法研究

提出了利用一种新方法获取合适的环形对称Gabor核函数窗口提取人脸图像的纹理信息,并结合改进的PCA进行人脸识别的方法。首先将人脸与环形Gabor小波函数卷积得到图像在5个尺度上的变换,该过程采用一种新方法获取合适的Gabor核函数窗口,以保证与人脸图像卷积后得到更为合理的人脸特征,同时利用一种新的分块PCA方法,将环形Gabor滤波后的子图像分组,对分组后的图像平均分块再进行降维,在空间位置上提取出Gabor人脸细节的主要特征,有效降低了人脸特征冗余。通过实验验证该方法在3.5 m内对人脸识别率达到95%,单个人脸识别时间小于0.22 s。     

一种融合Gabor+SIFT特征的人脸识别算法

姿态变化和光照干扰对于人脸识别的准确率和效率有很大影响。针对这一问题,文中采用结合Gabor特征和SIFT特征的人脸识别方法进行识别,提取一幅人脸图像的多个方向和多个尺度的Gabor特征,并将提取得到的Gabor特征图像进行分块。对分块后的子图像进行提取SIFT特征的操作,将得到的Gabor特征全部SIFT向量级联作为最终特征向量。使用主成分分析方法对得到的最终特征向量进行降维处理,随后使用最小二乘支持向量机进行训练识别。在FERET人脸数据库中进行的实验结果表明,相对于传统单一的人脸识别方法,利用本文方法在姿态变化和光照干扰情况下对人脸识别的准确率达到98.1%,证明了新算法的有效性。     

基于环形Gabor小波与CS-LBP算法在人脸识别中的应用

多尺度多方向的Gabor变换能提取人脸在空域和频域的局部信息,表达并刻画出人脸的大量特征,但在特征描述上会产生大量冗余,环形对称Gabor变换同样具有小波的共性并且能降低冗余量,在方向上具有严格的不变性。中心对称局部二值模式(CS-LBP)能提取出人脸中细节的纹理特征,把上述两种算法相结合,利用设定Gabor能量来获取最适合的滤波窗口,并对人脸特征进行提取和识别,最后用实验结果验证了环形Gabor和CS-LBP算法在人脸识别中具有很好的应用。     

基于Gabor特征的人脸识别算法的对比研究与实现

由于Gabor变换的核函数分布与哺乳动物视觉皮层简单细胞2D感受野剖面非常类似,并具有良好的方向选择性和空间局部性,从而为图像局部区域内多个方向的空间尺度信息和局部性结构特征的获取提供了更有效的方法。为了验证Gabor特征在人脸识别中的有效性和准确性,本文提出了一种采用目前四种传统特征提取的人脸识别方法与基于Gabor特征的人脸识别方法进行对比研究,同时提出利用ROC和CMC两个参量来验证基于Gabor特征人脸识别方法的有效性和准确性。在ORL人脸数据库上取得的实验结果表明,基于Gabor特征的人脸识别方法在同等条件下,得到了更高的人脸识别率,同时具有良好的鲁棒性。     

基于环形核的旋转不变性特征提取方法

针对人脸在XOZ平面内旋转,即在图像所在平面内人脸产生的旋转,因特征值变化大导致人脸识别率降低的问题,提出了一种新颖的基于环形核的旋转不变性特征(Circular Kernel Feature,CKF)提取方法.所提算法有两个创新点,第一点是给出了环形核的建立方式,定位人脸上明显的特征部分.第二点是提供了特征的旋转不变计算方式.首先建立环形核,定位人脸上明显特征的坐标区域;然后,用旋转不变的计算方式获取定位区域的特征值.在Georgia Tech人脸数据库上的实验证明:人脸旋转前后CKF的值相较Gabor,LBP等特征值的变化小了98％.     

一种基于可变长起主导作用特征(VLDF)的人脸识别算法

为了从Gabor滤波后的图像中提取简单有效、区分力强的人脸特征,提出了一种基于可变长起主导作用特征(VLDF)的人脸识别算法.即首先人脸图像与不同尺度、不同方向的Gabor滤波器进行卷积运算,然后利用局部二元模式(LBP)算子提取滤波输出的纹理特征,并根据纹理特征的统计分布规律,采用数量可变的起主导作用的纹理模式作为人脸的VLDF特征.最后构造了VLDF人脸特征之间距离的计算方法.该算法具有较小的特征向量维数和高的rank-1识别率.在FERET人脸数据库上的仿真结果验证了算法的高效性.     

Gabor小波变换与图像分块的人脸识别算法研究

以二维Gabor小波变换提取人脸图像特征作为全局特征,对图像进行不等分块,人脸图像区域所在块加大权重,并提取每个子块的特征作为局部特征,对全局特征结合局部特征采用DCT进行降维处理,用支持向量机分类模型进行人脸识别。实验表明:与较同等分块的识别算法相比,该算法可提高人脸识别率。     

基于主元分析法的人脸识别系统

基于 PCA(主元分析)的特征脸人脸识别方法,是一种通过模式识别进行人脸识别的很有效的方法,提取人脸图像的代数特征,以及采用 K-L 变换方法来降低人脸特征的维数并排序.这样利用所提取图像代数特征与原样本库中图像的代数特征的比较,就可对人脸图像进行识别     

基于Gabor小波变换和PCA的人脸识别方法

基于Gabor小波在图像表征方面的优越性,阐述了将Gabor小波和主分量分析(PCA)相结合用于人脸识别的方案。对人脸图像进行Gabor小波变换,通过PCA(主分量分析)降维后,计算特征点之间的距离,最后进行人脸识别。     

基于Gabor的特征提取算法在人脸识别中的应用

针对人脸识别中的特征提取问题,提出一种新的基于Gabor的特征提取算法,利用Gabor小波变换良好的提取区分能力和LDA所具有的判别性优势来进行特征提取。首先利用Gabor小波变换来提取人脸特征。然后对得到的高维特征采用PCA进行初次降维,再利用LDA实现再次降维,得到最终的特征向量。在ORL和YALE人脸库上的实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.