An evaluation of the relative importance of food and water as sources of p,p′-DDT to the goldfish, carassius auratus (l.)

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) were simultaneously exposed to p,p′-DDT from two sources—food ([³⁶Cl]p,p′-DDT) and water ([¹⁴C]p,p′-DDT). The concentration of p,p′-DDT in food was maintained at about 1 μg g⁻¹ while the water concentration of p,p′-DDT was varied for each experiment (2, 20 and 177 ng dm⁻³). In these experiments the contribution of p,p′-DDT from food to the total body residue varied over the duration of the exposure from 0 to 81% (water concentration about 2 ng dm⁻³) and from 3.8 to 4.8% (water concentration about 171 ng dm⁻³). The results from these experiments were compared with those of experiments in which some goldfish were exposed to DDT-contaminated food and others to DDT-contaminated water. Comparison suggested that goldfish exposed to DDT-contaminated food and water simultaneously, had accumulated p,p′-DDT from the two sources additively.The data supports the concept that p,p′-DDT residues in fish can be derived from both food and water. We suggest that the importance of each source is determined by its relative concentration over the period of exposure. p,p′-DDT taken up by goldfish was converted, slowly at first, then more rapidly to p,p′-DDE reaching a maximum of > 80% from both water and food sources after about 40 days. Dietary p,p′-DDT was converted to p,p′-DDD to a greater extent (max. 15.9%) than water-borne p,p′-DDT is converted to p,p′-DDD (max. 2.8%).     

Ingenieuranalyse von Erdbebenschäden: Das Bingöl (Türkei)‐Erdbeben vom 1. Mai 2003

Engineering analysis of earthquake damage: The Bingöl (Türkiye) earthquake of May 1, 2003. Through the engineering analysis of structural damage caused by the magnitude 6.6 Bingöl (Türkiye) earthquake on May 1, 2003, an attempt is made to work out the damage‐promotive factors. The damage analyses, instrumental site investigations, and the reinterpretation of structural behaviour concentrate on reinforced‐concrete buildings which were documented on site. At this, standardized school buildings take center stage, showing different grades of damage (slight damage to total collapse) even though they are of comparable character. A scheme to evaluate the causes of structural damage will be introduced which accounts for ground motion intensity, resonance effects between site und structure, directional effects of the seismic wave propagation, as well as for features of design and construction. Besides to phenomena and typical damage pattern which had been already be observed after other worldwide earthquakes, factors will be emphasized (possibly) contributing to the amplification of seismic ground motion. This in particular concerns topographical peculiarities which even seem to be insufficiently considered by actual code provisions. Furthermore, a reinforced‐concrete frame structure, typical for the regarded region, will be subjected to the nonlinear static “pushover” analysis in order to check the plausibility between recorded ground motion of the damaging mainshock and observed structural performance, the latter to be represented by the actual state of damage pattern. A methodical procedure will be presented which can be applied to derive statements on the structural vulnerability by stiffness‐dependent capacity curves. This being mainly based on material parameters and reinforcement detailing to be documented on site.     

上海世博会芬兰馆观众超过530万人通力电梯庆祝成立100周年

2010年上海世博会芬兰馆打破了芬兰参加历届世博会的各项纪录。距世博会结束还剩5天，芬兰馆“冰壶”的参观人数已经超过了芬兰全国人口总数。作为芬兰参展世博会的主要合作伙伴之一，通力电梯公司将一份免费入住上海豪华酒店的幸运奖颁给了第530万名游客。除了芬兰馆以外，通力电梯也是世博会其他20个展馆的电梯供应商。     

乡村建造实践——L宅

<正>缘起对于大部分中国建筑师来说,能够设计建造自己的私宅是一件幸运的事情,L宅实践正给了我这样一个机会。L宅处于乌镇、南浔、练市等古镇之间一个普通的典型江南乡村,距离杭州、苏州、上海、湖州等城市不到1h的车程。村落沿河而筑,尺度适宜,营造肌理随意而清晰。这个村落的原有建筑大多建于解放后的1950~1980年代,以两坡硬山、两院(天井)三进的型     

Spatial and temporal dynamics of land use pattern in Turkey: A case study in İnegöl

Recognition and understanding of landscape dynamics as a historical legacy of disturbances are necessary for sustainable management of forest ecosystems. This study analyzed forest dynamics and spatial–temporal changes in land use/land cover pattern in a sub-temperate like alluvial forest land with 1778 km² area along the Eagan Sea coast of Turkey (İnegöl). This area is studied by comparing Landsat images from 1987 to 2001 and evaluated with spatial analyses of forest cover type maps from 1972, 1983, 1993 to 2004 using GIS. The study investigated temporal changes of spatial structure of forest conditions over the period using Fragstats™.The results showed that the forested areas increased both in between 1972 and 1993 years (3.3%) and between 1987 and 2001 years (6.7%). In terms of spatial configuration, İnegöl forests are generally fragmented in the latter periods due to intensive forest utilization, illegal use, expansion of settlements and infrastructural development in the lowlands. Land use pattern significantly changed over time depending on a few factors such as unregulated management actions, social pressure and demographic movements. In conclusion, land use changes have developed in favor of forestry over time between 1972–1993 and 1987–2001. The study revealed that demographic movements have a minor effect on landscape dynamics. Both spatial and temporal changes and the factors affecting these changes should be determined for developing sustainable management of forest resources.     

Toxicite chronique du carbaryl et du lindane chez le mollusque d'eau douce lymnea stagnalis l

The chronic toxicity of the two insecticides was studied from the hatching of the eggs. In the case of γ-HCH, the rearing of larvae is impossible beyond a 2 mg 1⁻¹ concentration. With these two toxic products (1 or 2 mg 1⁻¹) the shell growth is reduced in proportion to the doses. The shell calcification is clearly disturbed only by γ-HCH. This product (1 mg 1⁻¹) produces a decrease of the fecundity more evident than carbaryl (2 mg 1⁻¹). The fertility of the eggs is reduced when they are laid and incubated in these toxic solutions from the 2 mg 1⁻¹ concentration. The embryogenesis is disturbed by γ-HCH. An early intoxication by these two insecticides, compared with a late one, affects more severely the biological parameters.     

武汉的辛亥建筑

武汉是一座与辛亥革命关系密切的城市,其城市空间中隐藏的形态和潜在的结构典型地反映了中国近代文化转型的历史过程.辛亥百年大祭之际,对武汉市的城市、街区、建筑等空间形态进行分析,既是对空间历史脉络的研究,也是对中国近代的城市发展进行一次宏观的梳理.     

蒸压加气砼(AAC)板在内隔墙中的应用

本文结合工程实例,介绍了AAC板的性能特点,施工工艺,并对墙身裂缝防范措施以及所取得的良好经济效益作了阐述。