合成气制低渗混合醇催化剂研究进展

低碳混合醇及甲基叔甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）都可作为汽油添加剂。目前MTBE作为汽油添加剂在美国加州已被禁止使用,使得低碳混合醇作为汽油添加剂具有重大意义。此外,低碳醇也是重要的化工原料。由合成气直接合成低碳事醇是碳一化学重要的研究课题之一,也是近年国内外研究比较活跃的领域之一。目前国内外研究合成气制低碳混合醇的技术路线主要有四种。本文对合成气直接合成低碳混合醇四种工艺所采用的Zn-Cr、Cu-Co、MoS2、Cu-Zn等催化剂体系的研究状况进行了介绍。     

合成气制低碳醇技术进展及前景分析

对合成气制低碳醇的基本原理、催化剂及几种代表性的工艺进行综述,同时也对上述工艺的应用前景进行说明,指出低碳醇作甲基叔丁基醚的替代品在经济上具有一定的可行性.特别是采用炼厂焦碳为原料,在发电的同时生产乙醇作为汽油添加剂,丙醇作为副产化学品,具有较好的经济性.     

报刊摘要

<正> 合成气直接合成低碳醇的工艺技术分析从合成气合成低碳醇的热力学基础和实际生产观点出发,对产物组成与产品应用、工艺条件与所达到的主要技术经济指标、工艺流程与过程灵活性等方面分析比较了现有合成低碳醇的工艺技术路线。对我国混合醇研究开发提出了建议,认为我国当前应优先研究开发铜系催化剂;对适合我国的工艺路线进行评     

合成甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)工艺技术进展

1 前言甲基叔丁基醚的合成技术,作为有效地分离 C_4混合物的方法,近年来得到迅速的发展,1991年世界产量将达到1000万 t/a。合成的甲基叔丁基醚,不但是一种优良的提高汽油辛烷值添加剂,而且由于在汽油基油中添加10%～15%,所以可增加汽油的产量,进而提高了经济效益;该技术也是从 C_4混合物中分离得到聚合级丁烯—1的有效方法;若将 MTBE 裂     

MAS汽油的研究

含氧化合物汽油是十几年来国内外瞩目的开发项目。MTBE、甲醇、Oxinol(甲醇:叔丁醇=1:1混合物)醇燃料都有一定的发展。最近山西省化工厅和意大利斯那姆盖特公司拟合作生产 MAS 汽油也是以煤为原料制备的一种混合醇燃料。北京燕山石油化工公司炼油厂、山西省化工厅、山西省交通科学研究所协议进行     

顺、反丁烯中甲醇、甲基叔丁基醚对脱氢的影响

<正> 分离混合C_4的异丁烯,目前较好的方法是用甲醇和混合C_4中的异丁烯反应,生成可作为汽油添加剂的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)而未反应剩余C_4中含正丁烯75.85％,反丁烯9.88％,顺丁烯2.55％和少量的甲醇、MTBE等杂质,这部分剩余C_4可作为氧化脱氢原料。本工作就是考察甲醇、MTBE对氧化脱氢的影响。     

炼厂碳四综合利用方案比选研究

分析了国内外炼厂混合碳四轻烃综合利用的现状,如生产烃类高辛烷值汽油组分,生产非烃类高辛烷值汽油组分,生产MTBE和联产聚合级聚合单体l一丁烯。研究了陕西延长石油集团为了充分发挥石油化工和煤化工相结合的优势,在靖边能源综合利用化工项目中,DMTO和DCC装置生产的混合碳四轻烃的利用途径,提出了生产MTBE、1-丁烯、异丁烷、2-丙基庚烷和顺酐的方案。     

美国MTBE主要出口到墨西哥、智利和委内瑞拉

正2017年,美国出口车用汽油添加剂甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE),总计3. 8万桶/天,主要出口到墨西哥、智利和委内瑞拉。MTBE曾经在美国使用,但由于水污染问题,在21世纪后期逐渐被淘汰。从那时起,燃料乙醇已取代MTBE作为汽油添加剂。MTBE是一种燃料含氧化合物,可提高辛烷值,有助于在汽油发动机中实现更完全的燃烧。自2005年以来,美国对MTBE的出口大部分都流向墨西哥和委内瑞拉,对智利的出口增加。2017年,墨西哥占     

MTBE深度脱硫技术研究进展

甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)作为重要的高辛烷值清洁汽油调合组分,如何对其进行深度脱硫使硫质量分数低于10μg/g,以满足日益严格的车用汽油标准,是目前石化企业亟待解决的难题之一。对MTBE中硫含量偏高的原因进行了分析。传统两步脱硫精制工艺中存在的不足使得原料混合C4中硫含量偏高以及MTBE生产中对硫化物的富集是MTBE产品硫含量偏高的主要原因。综述了MTBE直接脱硫精制的方法和效果,特别是蒸馏法、萃取-精馏法、催化氧化-精馏法和吸附法的原理和发展现状,并对MTBE深度脱硫技术存在问题与发展前景做出展望。     

用混合丁烯和甲醇合成甲基叔丁基醚

前言甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)是一种辛烷值高、调合性能好、安定性好、毒性小的优良汽油添加剂,有广泛取代四乙基铅的趋势,成了欧美日各国新兴的石油化学产品。用混合C_4原料合成MTBE,对异丁烯的选择性很高,可使尾气中异丁烯的含量小于0.5％,从而解决了异丁烯与正丁烯的分离问题。此法比硫酸萃取法和吸附分离法更     

EFFECT OF MTBE BLENDING ON THE PROPERTIES OF GASOLINE

The effect of blending MTBE in the gasoline was evaluated. MTBE effectively boost the octane numbers of gasoline without adversely effecting its other properties. However, MTBE is not as efficient as leadalkyl compounds as far as the specific octane number improvements are concerned. The addition of 5 to 30 volume percent MTBE increases 1.9 to 11.8 RON of a typical gasoline. MTBE addition also extends the volume of gasoline produces for a given crude by adding volume to the gasoline pool. MTBE provides much higher FEON to the gasoline in comparison with other gasoline components. A higher FEON increases the efficiency of the engine. MTBE is not affected by the lead level of the gasoline. For this reason, lost octane in future lead reductions of the gasoline in Saudi Arabia can be made up with MTBE. MTBE addition to the Saudi gasoline increases the RVP but within the specification of the gasoline. MTBE has favorable effect on the distillation characteristics of the gasoline. MTBE addition lowers the distillation temperature which improves driveability and cold engine operation. MTBEgasoline blends were found free of gums and peroxides after long term storage and pose no phase separation problems in the presence of water. MTBE is miscible in gasoline in all proportions and its solubility in water is low.     

EFFECT OF MTBE BLENDING ON THE PROPERTIES OF GASOLINE

ABSTRACT

The effect of blending MTBE in the gasoline was evaluated. MTBE effectively boost the octane numbers of gasoline without adversely effecting its other properties. However, MTBE is not as efficient as leadalkyl compounds as far as the specific octane number improvements are concerned. The addition of 5 to 30 volume percent MTBE increases 1.9 to 11.8 RON of a typical gasoline. MTBE addition also extends the volume of gasoline produces for a given crude by adding volume to the gasoline pool. MTBE provides much higher FEON to the gasoline in comparison with other gasoline components. A higher FEON increases the efficiency of the engine. MTBE is not affected by the lead level of the gasoline. For this reason, lost octane in future lead reductions of the gasoline in Saudi Arabia can be made up with MTBE. MTBE addition to the Saudi gasoline increases the RVP but within the specification of the gasoline. MTBE has favorable effect on the distillation characteristics of the gasoline. MTBE addition lowers the distillation temperature which improves driveability and cold engine operation. MTBEgasoline blends were found free of gums and peroxides after long term storage and pose no phase separation problems in the presence of water. MTBE is miscible in gasoline in all proportions and its solubility in water is low.     

Octane Rating of Gasoline and Octane Booster Additives

Gasoline is a petroleum-derived liquid that is used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines (ICE), particularly spark ignition Otto Engine. Gasoline is a blend of hydrocarbons with some contaminants, including sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, and certain metals. The four major constituent groups of gasoline are olefins, aromatics, paraffins, and napthenes. Octane number (ON) is measure of the ignition quality or flammability of gasoline. The ONs are Research Octane Number (RON) and Motor Octane Number (MON). RON is measured relative to a mixture of isooctane and n-heptane. Antiknock Index (AKI) is a measure of a fuel's ability to resist engine knock or octane quality. The AKI is an arithmetic average of RON and MON. The ON decreases with an increase chain length in the hydrocarbon molecule. The ONs increase with carbon chain branching. Another way of increasing the ON is used gasoline octane boosters as additives, such as tetraethyl lead (TEL), methyl tertiary-butyl ether (MTBE), and ferrocene. Aromatic alcohols, ethanol, and methanol also increase the ON of gasoline. The advantage to adding oxygenates, such as MTBE, methanol, and ethanol, to gasoline is that they cause very little pollution when they burn and are cleaner fuels.     

EFFECT OF METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER (MTBE) AS A GASOLINE ADDITIVE ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS

The effect of blending unleaded gasoline with different proportions of methyl-t-butyl ether MTBE (10, 15 and 20 vol % ) on engine performance was studied using a fixed compression ratio SI engine (Opel 4 -cylinder ). The exhaust gases were analyzed for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and the hydrocarbons emitted. The results have shown that MTBE blends gave slightly better engine performance than the unleaded gasoline as evidenced by the power output. Analysis of exhaust gases shows better carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions for all MTBE blends tested than unleaded gasoline. A higher carbon dioxide exhaust emission of the blends than the unleaded gasoline also confirms their better combustion. The 20 vol % MTBE blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions of all blends used. A comparison was also made between a     

EFFECT OF METHYL TERTIARY BUTYL ETHER (MTBE) AS A GASOLINE ADDITIVE ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS

ABSTRACT

The effect of blending unleaded gasoline with different proportions of methyl-t-butyl ether MTBE (10, 15 and 20 vol % ) on engine performance was studied using a fixed compression ratio SI engine (Opel 4 -cylinder ). The exhaust gases were analyzed for carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and the hydrocarbons emitted. The results have shown that MTBE blends gave slightly better engine performance than the unleaded gasoline as evidenced by the power output. Analysis of exhaust gases shows better carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions for all MTBE blends tested than unleaded gasoline. A higher carbon dioxide exhaust emission of the blends than the unleaded gasoline also confirms their better combustion. The 20 vol % MTBE blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions of all blends used. A comparison was also made between a     

MTBE作为清洁汽油组分的前景

MTBE作为优良的汽油调合组分 ,迄今已使用 2 0余年。近几年因在美国某些地下水中检测到MTBE ,由此引起人们对饮用水安全的担心。目前世界某些国家和地区已制定了相应的对策。本文分析了MTBE用于汽油的利弊 ,探讨了MTBE作为汽油调合组分的前景 ,并介绍了MTBE可能的替代方案     

甲基叔丁基醚含量对近红外光谱法测定汽油族组成的影响

建立了快速分析汽油族组成的近红外光谱法,研究了汽油近红外光谱随甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)含量变化的规律,建立了不含MTBE汽油和含MTBE汽油的混合校正模型,评价了MTBE对近红外光谱分析校正模型预测的影响。研究结果表明,MTBE含量对汽油的近红外光谱的影响较大,随着MTBE含量的增加,汽油试样的近红外光谱向短波方向平移。混合校正模型的预测准确性不受MTBE含量的影响。近红外光谱法测定汽油族组成的结果与GB/T 11132—2002《液体石油产品烃类测定法(荧光指示剂吸附法)》测定的结果一致。近红外光谱法快速、准确,可用于在线分析。     

间接烷基化工艺及其技术经济评估

近20年来MTBE一直作为汽油高辛烷值添加剂，但随着MTBE在美国消费量减少或禁用，全球MTBE的消费量相对减少。采用丁烯二聚、加氢制异辛烷的间接烷基化工艺改建现有MTBE装置已成为解决MTBE装置和异丁烯原料出路的一条重要途径。本文介绍了InAlk,SP-Isoether,Seletopol,NExOclane 4种间接烷基化工艺，并对其技术经济进行了评估。由于这些工艺可提供一种高质量汽油，因而MTBE装置的改造将很具吸引力。     

THE EFFECT OF GASOLINE FUEL TYPE ON SI ENGINE NITROGEN-OXIDES AND CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS UNDER PART-LOAD OPERATING CONDITIONS

Six different gasoline blends with different antiknock agents and aromatics content were investigated for its influence on SI engine nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emissions at part- load operating conditions. The six fuel types used were leaded gasoline with 0·5 g Pb/1, commercial unleaded gasoline, unleaded synthetic gasoline and its blends with different proportions of methyl tertiary butyl ether MTBE l10, 15 and 20 vol%). A four- stroke, four- cylinder, spark- ignition Regata engine (type 138 B 3.000) was used for conducting this study. The exhaust gases were analyzed for nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emitted at part-load operating conditions for the speed range of 1000 to 3000 rpm. The results of this investigation have shown that blending unleaded synthetic gasoline with ethers such as MTBE reduces the aromatic content of the fuel. The 20 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide emissions of all blends used at part load condition. On the other hand, the 10 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest nitrogen-oxides emission of all blends at part-load condition. The carbon monoxide concentration in engine exhaust differs between increase and decrease at part-load condition when fuel aromatics content increases. It was also found that as the gasoline aromatics content increases in the blend, the nitrogen-oxides concentration in engine exhaust increases. So, substitution of MTBE for the higher aromatics gasoline blends may help improving state environment and air quality.     

THE EFFECT OF GASOLINE FUEL TYPE ON SI ENGINE NITROGEN-OXIDES AND CARBON MONOXIDE EMISSIONS UNDER PART-LOAD OPERATING CONDITIONS

ABSTRACT

Six different gasoline blends with different antiknock agents and aromatics content were investigated for its influence on SI engine nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emissions at part- load operating conditions. The six fuel types used were leaded gasoline with 0·5 g Pb/1, commercial unleaded gasoline, unleaded synthetic gasoline and its blends with different proportions of methyl tertiary butyl ether MTBE l10, 15 and 20 vol%). A four- stroke, four- cylinder, spark- ignition Regata engine (type 138 B 3.000) was used for conducting this study. The exhaust gases were analyzed for nitrogen-oxides and carbon monoxide emitted at part-load operating conditions for the speed range of 1000 to 3000 rpm. The results of this investigation have shown that blending unleaded synthetic gasoline with ethers such as MTBE reduces the aromatic content of the fuel. The 20 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest carbon monoxide emissions of all blends used at part load condition. On the other hand, the 10 vol% MTBE-fuel blend gave the lowest nitrogen-oxides emission of all blends at part-load condition. The carbon monoxide concentration in engine exhaust differs between increase and decrease at part-load condition when fuel aromatics content increases. It was also found that as the gasoline aromatics content increases in the blend, the nitrogen-oxides concentration in engine exhaust increases. So, substitution of MTBE for the higher aromatics gasoline blends may help improving state environment and air quality.