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Many urban areas around the world have expanded from monocentric to polycentric regions forming larger hierarchical structures. These regions represent functional regions or labour market areas (LMAs) that are classified as groups of counties representing mutually exclusive, non-overlapping geographies. In practice, however, a county may belong to multiple overlapping LMAs. To model this overlapping across urban hierarchies, we extend the link community method from network theory and apply it to US commuting data. Our proposed approach reliably identifies the LMAs that we would expect to find as well as core and periphery areas within them. 相似文献
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Studies associated with distributed civil infrastructure systems are usually very demanding from a computational point of view, especially when they involve life-cycle analysis, uncertainty, and optimization. For this reason, computational tools that enhance the efficiency of the analysis and make it feasible for complex practical applications are of utmost importance. In this paper, a computational technique for the efficiency enhancement of bridge network life-cycle analysis under uncertainty is presented and its impact in terms of CPU time reduction is investigated.The proposed technique consists in the joint use of random field theory and probabilistic reliability models for the simulation of the individual bridge service states over the life-cycle of the infrastructure. This random field based approach is extremely efficient and takes simultaneously into account the deterioration in time of the bridge reliability and the correlation in space of the service states of bridges belonging to the same transportation network. Compared to other techniques previously used to perform the same task, the proposed methodology is theoretically more solid and improves the computational efficiency by more than two orders of magnitude.A numerical example is provided to validate the proposed technique. Moreover, a second example involving the life-cycle performance analysis of a complex bridge network in Santa Barbara, CA, is presented. 相似文献
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小城镇沿过境公路发展的利弊 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
目前,过境交通干道穿越小城镇镇区的现象越来越多,从而带来明显的利与弊。分析利弊后发现,在现阶段,小城镇沿边境干道发展对小城镇本身的发展是利大于弊。在改造弊端的同时,应大力发展依靠过境交通的优势来发展小城镇。 相似文献
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城市综合体交通组织系统规划探析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
大量人流是维持城市综合体社会经济效益的关键,因此,组织城市综合体的内外部交通成为城市综合体规划设计的核心内容之一.对城市综合体进行精细化的交通组织,并形成结构化、体系化的设计方法,对于需要组织大量纷繁复杂人流、以交通为主导的综合体尤为重要.本文通过对城市综合体的交通组织规划研究,从规划、建筑、交通多专业的角度提出“一体化规划设计”的思路,结合交通空间的营造,总结出城市综合体项目内外部交通组织体系的规划原则,力求形成对现代城市综合体较系统的认识,以期对目前的城市建设、建筑设计的实践发挥积极的指导作用. 相似文献
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城市潮汐式拥堵已成为各大城市最严重的城市问题之一,而城市中小学“通学”在时间和空间上与“通勤”叠加,加剧了城市交通潮汐式拥堵现象,目前研究多聚焦在缓解“通勤”交通拥堵,而忽略了“通学”引起的交通拥堵问题。为了缓解城市潮汐式交通拥堵问题,提高城市环境的宜居品质,从中小学服务区划角度研究缓解“通学”引起的交通问题势在必行。在对西安市大量中小学进行线上、线下问卷调查的基础上,选取西安市雁塔区中小学为案例,运用SPSS相关分析对多个致堵影响因素进行综合分析,并基于GIS平台,通过交通可达性分析、基于路网的服务区分析、缓冲区分析及泰森多边形等空间分析,分析现状道路在不同速度下的可达性,评价中小学空间布局现状,提出中小学服务范围区划方法。研究发现:在综合考虑中小学规模的基础上,将基于路径的服务区划方法与泰森多边形相结合进行服务区划分的方法,可有效提高区域中小学的可达性。该研究结果可为类似 相似文献
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介绍了国内外自行车交通发展的历程,在全球城市寻求低碳发展背景下,绿色出行方式正成为交通发展的主旋律。昆明环湖东路自行车专用道的示范项目通过充分挖掘昆明滇池湖滨地区的生态与景观特色,明确昆明环湖东路自行车专用道"宜行、宜游"的规划目标,定位在建设亲水自行车廊道、凸显高原湖滨城市特色,针对性地提出结合环湖路沿线湖滨地区生态景观特征及沿线自行车交通相关需求的,以人的使用与活动为出发点的设计方案。其建成投入使用所产生的初步示范效果良好,为湖滨自行车专用道的规划建设提供了相关经验。 相似文献
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结合贵州省铜仁市电信生产楼工业与民用相兼顾的特殊性,详细介绍了该楼的暖通设计,并总结了功能复杂的电信生产楼在暖通设计方面的内容及方法,为类似工程提供了参考借鉴。 相似文献
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李峰 《青岛理工大学学报》2006,27(3):46-50
时间和空间,是人类一切文化活动的最基本要素.不同民族的时空观念,反映了各民族的文化差异,也可以说是哲学起点的不同.笔者尝试对中国哲学中的时空观念及其在建筑思想中的渗透进行探讨,试图揭示中国传统建筑艺术深层的哲学及美学根源,并相信这是对当代中国建筑实践有意义的借鉴. 相似文献
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Diana Gutiérrez-Posada María Plotnikova Fernando Rubiera-Morollón 《Papers in Regional Science》2021,100(6):1481-1500
Despite seven decades of development of the European Union project, on 23 June 2016, the United Kingdom, Europe and the rest of the world were surprised when the Leave campaign won the Brexit referendum, offering an extraordinary case study for researchers. We spatially disaggregate the vote share data, which allows us to explore where anti-European sentiment took root in the UK and why. In this paper, a spatial dependence model is applied to clarify and quantify the relevance of the different dimensions—demographic, cultural/educational and economic—that play a role in explaining the rise of support for the Leave campaign. The analysis is conducted at the local level, using local authorities (LAs) as the spatial unit of analysis due to the combination of official datasets with newly generated data in the context of an EU H2020 project. A new indicator capturing the affluence of each local area relative to its close neighbours is proposed and included in the model. In general, we observe that most of the main conclusions obtained by large regions or at the national level also hold at the local scale. However, it is particularly interesting that inequalities by LAs are clearly significant, indicating a marked influence on voters' decisions that have thus far been unaccounted for. This result provides further support for the existence of, to use Andrés Rodriguez-Pose's terminology, an even more intense “revenge of the places that do not matter” at the local scale. 相似文献
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介绍了地形平坦水系发达的临江河工程深基坑施工中如何解决基坑支撑、降水等问题,以及在施工过程中发生意外情况下采取的处理措施。 相似文献
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建筑文化植根于人居自然环境之中,她的发展受中外古今建筑历史文化背景、社会时空环境差异的影响,有其特有的多元化。作为新世纪的建筑师,有责任和义务把她继承过来并发扬广大。 相似文献
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手机信令数据在城市建成环境评价中的应用——以上海市宝山区为例 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
城市建成环境与个人时空间行为之间具有密切的互动关系.利用手机信令数据,从职住关系、通勤行为和居民消费休闲出行行为的微观个体行为视角构建城市建成环境的评价框架,以上海市宝山区为例进行城市建成环境的综合评价.研究表明,居民各类活动、出行行为在空间分布上具有明显差异,受到用地、交通、区位等建成环境因素影响显著,综合分析得出宝山整体建成环境的发展呈现出南北不同的格局,具有明显的近中心城、新城和近轨道交通轴线的发展特征.最后,简要探讨了利用手机信令数据对城市建成环境评价的应用价值,并结合评价结果和区域发展目标,对宝山区的空间调整优化和居民行为引导提出建议. 相似文献
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基于工程现场实测数据,对深度为31.3 m的上海某超深基坑开挖引起的环境变形特性进行了研究分析。结果表明,与上海常规深度(12~20 m)的软土基坑工程相比,超深基坑的环境影响明显偏大,表现出显著的时空分布特性:①坑外地表沉降规律随墙体侧向变形的空间分布形态差异而变化,墙体侧向变形由中部向角部变化越平缓,坑外的地表沉降影响范围越大,由中部至坑角收敛越快,坑外地表沉降影响区域则越集中,影响范围也相对较小;②受坑角效应影响,平行于基坑围护结构的地表沉降由中心向坑角沉降迅速减小,并呈高斯分布规律,影响范围延伸至坑角后1.5H e (H e为基坑深度);③建筑物变形表现出显著的三维特性,靠近基坑围护结构中部的建筑物沉降量显著大于基坑角部,同时均伴随较大的扭转变形;④当平行于基坑围护结构的建筑物横跨坑角区域时,最危险点均位于坑角附近0.5H e范围内,其损伤程度与建筑物和基坑的位置关系和建筑物刚度有密切关系;⑤相对于常规深度基坑,本工程对地表沉降的主要影响范围偏大,达到3H e左右,但最大地表沉降位置偏小,位于墙后0.5H e附近;⑥地表沉降最大值δ vm介于0.03%~0.50% H e之间,且与墙体最大侧移值δ hm之间的关系平均为δ vm=0.6δ hm。 相似文献
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TOD开发模式极为关注城市高质量慢行交通、高密度土地利用和优质空间形态之间的协同发展。以美国丹弗市T-REX片区和日本东京田园都市线片区为研究案例,基于OpenStreet Map、Google Earth及百度街景基础数据,综合运用DepthMap、Arcgis、Arcmap和Arcscene等工具对其交通系统、土地利用和空间形态三类紧凑型特征展开对比分析。在明确城市郊区型TOD片区的研究范围、概念定义和案例选取原则的基础上,从交通系统、土地利用和空间形态三方面对比分析美日城市郊区型TOD片区案例的紧凑性特征;从开发机构和责任主体、公共交通和土地利用形式、功能空间分布三方面分析其紧凑性特征的生成动因;并从交通系统、土地利用和空间形态三方面提出其紧凑性特征对我国同类TOD片区的开发建议。 相似文献
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The association between poor housing and poor health is widely accepted, but there is a lack of evidence on the health impact of housing interventions. In particular, evidence on mechanisms linking housing interventions to health is lacking. Scotland's Housing and Regeneration Project (SHARP) evaluated the health impacts of new-build social housing using a quasi-experimental survey design. Qualitative interviews were also conducted with a sub-sample of survey respondents. The qualitative data indicated that changes in dwelling type influenced key psychosocial processes such as control, with consequent impacts on well-being. This study provided insights into the psychosocial impacts of housing design, whilst also demonstrating the utility of qualitative methods for enhancing understanding of the mechanisms linking housing change with improved well-being. 相似文献
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为了解决公路隧道设施众多及信息异构分散等特点对公路隧道养护决策带来的困难,本文在对公路隧道养护特点分析的基础上,进行了从隧道全生命周期信息出发,利用大数据分析对隧道养护评估和优化进行了研究。文章围绕全生命周期养护评估方法和优化决策,描述了全生命周期信息评估决策的基本原理和实现路径,并根据评估结果进行了有约束条件下的养护策略选择。最后,文章对该方法的创新点和应用效果进行了总结,并指出了未来隧道养护评估的发展趋势。 相似文献