工业硅真空感应精炼过程数值模拟

用Multi-physics Comsol软件对工业硅真空感应精炼过程的温度场进行了二维数值模拟和分析,定量研究了精炼过程熔池中温度场动态分布特征.结果表明:精炼过程中熔池中存在不均匀的温度场,温度梯度随时间和空间位置发生变化,在保温阶段熔池底部和表面温差最大值为382 K.精炼过程中硅料熔化前后的温度分布明显不同,硅料熔化后电磁搅拌形成的热流场和熔池表面向外的热辐射对精炼过程熔池中温度分布产生了重要影响.     

蓄热式铝熔炼炉熔炼过程的数值模拟

为了更好地研究和优化铝熔炼炉的性能,针对现有的蓄热式圆形铝熔炼炉,在建立合理的铝熔炼炉基本模型的基础上,通过耦合用户自定义熔化模型和氧化烧损模型,运用计算流体力学软件FLUENT实现燃烧空间和熔池的耦合物理场的数值模拟。着重研究不同固液区和不同孔隙率对铝及铝合金熔炼过程的影响。结果表明,该模型较好地反映铝熔炼炉的熔炼现象,可运用该模型进行铝熔炼炉熔炼过程工艺参数的优化研究。同时获得了固液区和孔隙率对熔炼参数影响规律:铝液温度在固液区上升缓慢,而离开固液相线时,铝液温度上升速度加快,炉膛温度和氧化层质量随着熔炼时间分别呈周期性增加和呈抛物线增加;随着氧化层厚度的增加,铝液温度随着孔隙率的增加而增加变得缓慢。     

镍基高温合金的真空感应熔炼脱氧

研究了在真空感应炉中使用CaO坩埚熔炼镍基高温合金的脱氧效果，分析了加入0.02%C和0.5%Al对脱氧的影响，初步进行了在CaO坩埚中脱氧反应的热力学计算。研究表明：熔化期可以脱除大部分的氧；采用CaO坩埚，选择合适的熔炼工艺及C和Al加入量，可使氧的含量降低到小于0.0006%。     

Interaction mechanism between niobium-silicide-based alloy melt and Y2O3 refractory crucible in vacuum induction melting process

The Y2O3 crucibles were introduced in the study as an alternative to the traditional ceramic ones in vacuum induction melting of multi-component Nb-16Si-22Ti-2Al-2Hf-17Cr (at.%) alloys, to reveal the possible interactions between the alloy melt and the refractory crucible. Multiple melting time lengths and two cooling schemes were designed and used for the experiments. The chemical composition and microstructure of the tested alloy and the melt-crucible interaction were investigated and evaluated. In the experiments, Y2O3 crucible displays good physical-chemical compatibility. The results indicate that the increment of O element in the as-cast ingot is 0.03at.%-0.04at.% (72-97 ppm) and the increment of Y element is very insignificant. The key features of the alloy melt interacting with Y2O3 ceramics are analyzed and concluded in the paper. As a result of the dissolution reaction xY2O3 (in molten alloy) + (1-x)HfO2 (impurity) →Hf1-x Y2x O2-x, a continuous double-layer solid film consisted of HfO2 solid solution (～2 pm) and pure RfO2 (～5 pm) is formed on the surface of the test ingot after cooled down in the crucible. The experimental results show that the Y2O3 crucible is applicable to the vacuum induction melting of NbSi based alloys.     

感应熔铸Ni60涂层中熔池的流动及成形后硬度分析

基于Maxwell方程建立含有相变过程的感应熔铸温度场模型并验证,以及以温度场模型为基础,引入流动控制方程,建立感应熔铸过程中熔池模型并分析。结果表明,熔池随电流增大而增大;频率增大并非一定使熔池增大,而存在一个极小值点;550 A时极小值出现频率约为78.5 k Hz;熔池内流场呈涡旋状且沿顺时针分布,中心接近于静止;熔池的最大流速出现在靠近交界处涂层一侧;工艺参数对熔池内流速的影响规律与对熔池大小的基本一致。涂层中存在被稀释现象,随深度增加,涂层硬度先增大后减小;对比不同粒度的涂层硬度,目数越大硬度越大,被稀释现象越明显。     

旋流数对铝熔炼炉熔炼过程的影响

针对现有的圆形铝熔炼炉,结合铝熔炼炉熔炼过程的特点,在铝熔炼炉热平衡测试的基础上,建立了合理的铝熔炼炉数学模型,并运用计算流体力学软件FLUENT实现燃烧空间和熔池的耦合物理场的数值模拟。同时分析了不同旋流数对铝熔炼炉熔炼过程的影响,依据提出的优化准则,确实旋流数大于0.6时能够获得最佳的熔炼性能。     

Denitrogenation and desulphurization during vacuum induction melting refining Ni-base superalloy

The denitrogenation and desulphurization behavior during vacuum induction melting (VIM) refining Nibasesuperalloy using C.aO crucible was studied. It has been found that the desulphurization process did not occur by only using CaO crucible. Combining with the results of XRD and composition analysis, the desulphurization mechanism of CaO crucible was proposed. AI addition limits effect on denitrogenation, but it is very important for desulphurization. Ti addition has adverse effect on denitrogenation. The increase of vacuum is a powerful measurement to accelerate the denitrogenation process.     

铸铁表面激光熔凝行为及温度场数值模拟

为明确铸铁表面激光熔凝过程的热响应规律,考虑随温度变化的材料热物性参数和相变潜热影响,建立铸铁表面激光动态熔凝的三维数值模型并进行了验证,预测值与试验值吻合良好,采用该模型分析了热响应温度场规律及不同工艺参数的映射关系.结果表明,铸铁表面激光熔凝较钢材可获得更大的熔透深度,熔池内、外形成较大温度梯度且分别以深、宽方向分...     

烧嘴对蓄热式铝熔炼炉熔炼过程的影晌

结合蓄热式铝熔炼炉熔炼过程的特点,运用FLUENTUDF和FLUENTScheme混合编程,耦合用户自定义熔化模型和燃烧器换向及燃烧量变化模型,实现了蓄热式铝熔炼炉熔炼过程的数值模拟。依据优化原则,获得了熔炼时间随影响因子的变化规律：熔炼时间随着旋流数、燃烧器倾角、空气预热温度或天然气流量的增加而缩短;熔炼时间随着燃烧器间水平夹角或空燃比的延长,先减小而后增加：熔炼时间随着燃烧器高度的增加而延长。     

铝熔炼过程温度场的数值模拟研究

根据物料平衡方程、能量守恒方程、动量方程建立熔炼炉内熔炼过程中熔体温度的数学模型;以能量平衡测试中得到的数据为边界条件,在概率密度函数(PDF)仿真基础上,运用Fluent6.3流体力学软件对熔炼过程温度场进行数值模拟,模拟结果与实际情况相符。本研究为现场实际生产过程控制提供重要依据,为熔炼炉的设计、研究提供了有效的方法和途径。     

Temperature field simulations during selective laser melting process based on fully threaded tree

Selective laser melting (SLM) is a promising technique for additive manufacturing. During SLM of metallic powder, the temperature field and thermal history are important to understand physical phenomena involved. The purpose of this study is to simulate the temperature field during the SLM process of a hollow cylinder shape part based on a fully threaded tree (FTT) technique, and to analyze the temperature variation with time in different regions of the part. A revised model for temperature field simulation in the SLM process was employed, which includes the transition of powder-to-dense sub-model and a moving volumetric Gaussian distribution heat source sub-model. The FTT technique is then adopted as an adaptive mesh strategy in the simulation. The simulation result shows that during the SLM process of cylinder part, the temperature of inner powder bed is obviously higher than external one. The temperature at the internal of the molten pool is also higher than external, which may lead to differences in microstructures and other properties between the two regions.     

真空感应熔炼铀熔体Fe挥发动力学

研究了真空感应熔炼过程铀熔体中Fe元素挥发的动力学规律,结果表明熔体中[Fe]=Fe(g)反应为一级反应,反应的表观活化能约121 k J/mol,挥发过程受熔体中Fe在液相边界层中扩散和液/气界面化学反应共同控制,但溶质扩散影响更大,1673和1853 K温度下挥发反应的传质系数分别为4.52×10~(-4)和1.01×10~(-3) cm/s。     

Numerical simulation for thermal flow filling process of casting

The solution algorithm （SOLA） method was used to solve the velocity and pressure field of the thermal flow filling process, and the volume of fluid （VOF） method for the flee surface problem. Since the ＂donor-acceptor＂ rule often results in the free interface vague, the explicit difference method was adopted, and a method describing the flee surface state at 0〈F〈 1 was proposed to deal with this problem. In order to raise the computation efficiency, such algorithms were investigated and invalidated as： 1） internal and external area separation simplification algorithm; 2） the reducing necessary search area method. With the improved algorithms, the filling processes of the valve cover castings with gravity cast and an up cylinder block casting with low-pressure cast were simulated, the simulation results are believable and the computation efficiency is greatly improved. The SOLA-VOF model and its difference method for thermal fluid flow filling process were introduced.     

基于ANSYS模拟预测S45C钢轴感应加热工艺参数

基于ANSYS有限元法对感应加热过程中电磁场和温度场进行了耦合分析,通过模拟得到了感应加热过程中频率f、电流密度Js和加热时间t等重要工艺参数之间的关系曲线,制定了预测工艺参数的确定方法。针对S45C钢轴类工件的技术性能要求提出了试制工艺参数,进行了感应淬火试验及相应的ANSYS有限元模拟,结果表明轴径向的温度模拟结果与硬度梯度曲线试验结果存在一致性。     

钢轨中频感应正火三维温度场数值模拟

基于COMSOL Multi-Physics软件采用三维电磁-热耦合数值模型对钢轨中频感应正火加热过程进行了数值模拟,并研究了电流,频率和感应加热器与钢轨之间间隙对钢轨最终温度场的影响规律。模拟结果显示,钢轨轨脚温度上升最快,轨腰温度上升最慢,轨头温度会在某一时刻超过轨脚达到最高。随着感应器电流密度增加和电流频率的增大,钢轨升温速度不断升高;随感应器与钢轨间的间隙的加大,钢轨升温速度降低。     

水冷坩埚熔炼的电磁悬浮特性

针对水冷坩埚熔炼过程的电磁场计算和悬浮能力优化问题,利用准三维耦合电流算法,就坩埚结构,电磁频率及熔体电物性对悬浮熔炼的影响进行了分析,为水冷坩埚结构和电磁悬浮熔炼过程的优化设计提供了依据。     

AZ91HP镁合金真空激光熔凝晶粒细化

采用真空激光熔凝技术对AZ91HP镁合金表面进行了细晶强化处理。研究表明：激光熔凝区是由α-Mg和β-Mg17Al12相所组成,与原始镁合金相比,β-Mg17Al12相含量增加,且随着激光扫描速度降低,β-Mg17Al12相含量增加。熔凝区具有典型的树枝晶形貌特征。由于受微区合金溶液成分和结晶参数不均匀性的影响,二次枝晶间距沿熔凝层深度逐渐增大。增加扫描速度导致熔凝区二次枝晶间距减小,激光熔凝区晶粒细化,有利于提高镁合金的塑性。     

电磁场下AA3003/AA4045铝合金复层管坯水平连铸技术

采用数值模拟方法研究在电磁场下AA3003/AA4045铝合金复层管坯的水平连铸制备过程。为了考察电磁场对复层管坯水平连铸过程的影响,建立一个三维分析模型并对有无施加电磁场时的两个水平连铸过程分别进行全面地模拟与分析。数值模拟结果表明：施加旋转电磁搅拌后,铝合金熔体的紊流作用增强,糊状区的范围增大,糊状区的温度梯度减小且温度场变得均匀,铝合金熔体的固相率下降。这些改变有利于复层管坯组织的细化及复合界面元素的扩散。采用与数值模拟相同的工艺参数进行实验,结果证实在电磁场作用下复层管坯组织得到细化并且复合界面的元素扩散作用增强。     

熔融纺丝微熔池磁热耦合有限元数值模拟

针对玻璃包覆纯铜微丝的制备,建立熔融纺丝微熔池温度场的有限元模型,采用磁热耦合方法分析原料质量、加热电流、感应线圈匝数及锥角对微熔池平均温度及下部与上部温差的影响规律。结果表明:随着原料质量的增大,平均温度降低,温差增大;加热电流对微熔池温度影响较大;考虑综合效果,采用锥角为110°的4匝螺旋锥型感应线圈是较合理的。以数值模拟结果为基础,实验制备了芯丝直径为14μm、玻璃包覆层厚度为15μm的玻璃包覆纯铜微丝。