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用Benson基团贡献法结合Watson公式和热力学关系式计算了尿素与苯酚合成碳酸二苯酯液态反应的反应焓变、反应熵变、吉布斯自由能变及平衡常数。结果表明,该反应为吸热反应,升高温度有利于碳酸二苯酯的生成。反应的热力学平衡常数很小,为了提高产品收率,必须及时移走生成的氨气。 相似文献
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由对氨基苯酚重氮盐水解制备对苯二酚的反应由于缺乏热力学数据和反应的热力学分析,给水解反应器的设计、工艺控制等带来困难。文中采用ABWY法、Cardozo基团贡献法、Kopp规则、Dulong-Petit规则和基希霍夫公式估算了该反应体系相关物质的基础数据及热力学数据,并进行了系统的热力学分析。考察了反应焓变、Gibbs自由能、反应平衡常数与温度的关系,结果显示:反应焓变随温度的增大而减小且恒小于0,Gibbs自由能随温度的增加而减小且恒小于0,反应平衡常数数量级大于40。热力学数据的估算可为重氮盐水解反应的工艺条件提供理论依据。 相似文献
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碳酸二甲酯与邻苯二酚合成愈创木酚的热力学分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用Benson基团贡献法计算了碳酸二甲酯,邻苯二酚,愈创木酚的热力学数据标准摩尔生成焓ΔfHm^θ、标准熵Sm^θ和热容Cp,m。对碳酸二甲酯与邻苯二酚催化合成愈创木酚反应体系进行了热力学分析,通过对反应的焓变ΔrHm,自由能变ΔrGm和平衡常数K的计算表明该反应是吸热反应,其自由能变化为负值,有较大的热力学平衡常数,且反应温度对平衡常数K影响不大,该反应可在较低温度下进行,在保持高转换率的同时,也可减少副反应,其关键是研制开发低温活性高的催化剂。 相似文献
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采用密度泛函理论(DFT),对碳酸二苯酯(DPC)的不同合成反应路径进行了热力学分析。首先优化了反应中涉及的各种物质在气体状态下的稳定结构,在此基础上计算了各物质液体状态下的热力学性质,获得了碳酸二甲酯-苯酚(DMC-Ph OH),碳酸二甲酯-乙酸苯酯(DMC-PA)两种不同酯交换反应路径的焓变、熵变、吉布斯自由能变以及平衡常数。计算结果表明,两种合成反应均为吸热反应;从热力学角度来看,DMC-PA反应路径优于DMC-Ph OH反应路径,其反应平衡常数更大,利于DPC的生成。但两种合成路径各步反应的平衡常数KC均偏小,为提高DPC收率,需要在反应进行过程中,不断移走产物以打破热力学平衡限制。同时,从热力学角度分析,若DMC同Ph OH的反应采用"两步法",DMC同PA的反应采用"一步法",则较有利于DPC的生成。 相似文献
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采用基团贡献法和对比态法对菲加氢反应体系进行了热力学计算,得到不同温度下反应焓变、吉布斯自由能变和平衡常数.结果表明:该反应体系各反应均为放热反应,各反应在热力学上是可行的.选择合适的温度有利于控制菲加氢反应体系的加氢深度,从而降低氢耗和达到选择性加氢的目的. 相似文献
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乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。 相似文献
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D. G. Gordeev L. F. Gudarenko M. V. Zhernokletov V. G. Kudel’kin M. A. Mochalov 《Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves》2008,44(2):177-189
A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation
of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from
the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO2) of density 0.08 g/cm3.
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Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008. 相似文献
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Jorge Marcelo Romero Soledad Bustillo Hugo Enrique Ramirez Maisuls Nelly Lidia Jorge Manuel Eduardo Gómez Vara Eduardo Alberto Castro Alicia H. Jubert 《International journal of molecular sciences》2007,8(7):688-694
A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out. 相似文献
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The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003 相似文献