湿法糖基化改性对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响

大豆分离蛋白与葡萄糖按质量比4∶1溶解在重蒸水中配制成蛋白质质量浓度为8 g/100 mL的混合液,分别在70、80、90 ℃条件下反应0、1、2、3、4、5、6 h,得到不同反应温度和时间的糖基化产物。通过测定各糖基化产物的pH值、溶解性、乳化性和凝胶性质,研究糖基化对大豆分离蛋白功能性质的影响。结果表明：随着加热时间的延长,不同温度反应体系的颜色加深,pH值逐渐降低,溶解性、乳化活性和乳化稳定性显著提高,凝胶的弹性和硬度呈先上升后下降的趋势。其中90 ℃反应体系糖基化大豆分离蛋白的功能性质提高最为明显,从0 h到6 h,溶解性和乳化活性分别从17.37%、0.168提高到了38.7%、0.574,且效果显著（P＜0.05）;加热4 h制得的糖基化样品的乳化稳定性最强,其乳化稳定性为39.6;并且糖基化样品凝胶的硬度和弹性在反应3 h时最大,其硬度和弹性分别为81.3g和0.936。因此,糖基化修饰可有效提高大豆分离蛋白的功能性质。     

湿法糖基化改性对大豆分离蛋白溶解性和乳化能力的影响

研究蛋白-葡萄糖质量比(4∶1,2∶1,1∶1,1∶2),反应温度(70,80,90℃)和反应时间(0,1,2,3,4,5,6 h)对大豆分离蛋白糖基化产物功能特性(溶解性和乳化能力)的影响。结果表明:在蛋白与葡萄糖质量比1:2,反应温度80℃,反应时间2 h条件下制得的糖基化大豆分离蛋白的溶解度最高,达92.93%,是未改性SPI的4.38倍,差异显著(P0.05);在蛋白与葡萄糖质量比1∶1,反应温度90℃,反应时间6 h条件下制得的糖基化大豆分离蛋白的乳化活性最高,达0.63,是未改性SPI的3.94倍;在蛋白与葡萄糖质量比1∶2,反应温度90℃,反应时间3h条件下制得的糖基化大豆分离蛋白的乳化稳定性最高,达50.92,是未改性SPI的1.98倍,存在显著性差异(P0.05)。糖基化改性过程可显著提高大豆分离蛋白的溶解性和乳化性能,这为拓宽其在食品工业中的应用提供了理论依据。     

糖基化反应对大豆蛋白-乳糖复合物抗原性及结构的影响

本文将乳糖通过糖基化反应引入到大豆分离蛋白(SPI)上制备大豆分离蛋白-乳糖复合物,采用间接竞争ELISA法测定不同温度、不同质量比、不同反应时间下大豆分离蛋白-乳糖复合物中β-伴大豆球蛋白的抗原性变化,并对糖基化产物进行了结构特性的研究。结果表明,糖基化能有效降低β-伴大豆球蛋白的抗原性,其抗原性从93.79%降到37.75%。糖基化改性后,大豆蛋白中游离氨基含量降低,在反应60 h时,游离氨基含量下降最大;傅里叶红外光谱结果表明,与原大豆分离蛋白相比,大豆分离蛋白-乳糖糖基化产物的α-螺旋、β-转角、无规卷曲的含量下降,而β-折叠的含量增加;SDS-PAGE电泳及PAS染色结果表明,随着糖基化反应的程度增加,SPI谱带逐渐的减弱,说明SPI与乳糖分子发生了共价连接。     

聚磷酸钠对大豆分离蛋白的修饰研究

采用多聚磷酸钠对大豆分离蛋白进行磷酸化修饰,研究磷酸化反应的工艺条件及改性后大豆分离蛋白几种功能特性的变化。结果表明:当大豆分离蛋白4%、三聚磷酸钠9%、反应初始pH9、反应时间3h时,磷酸化程度最大;磷酸化后的大豆分离蛋白的溶解性、乳化性以及粘度都有不同程度的改善。     

糖基化及酶解对大豆蛋白功能性质的影响

天然蛋白质不具有所有期望的功能性质,而糖基化和酶解修饰能够改善蛋白质某些功能性质。在壳寡糖存在的条件下,利用转谷氨酰胺酶的酰基转移作用,对大豆分离蛋白进行糖基化修饰,得到糖基化产物。随后用碱性蛋白酶制备水解度分别为1%、2%、4%的酶解产物。对修饰产物的热特性、溶解性、乳化性等进行了分析。结果表明,糖基化产物及其酶解产物的功能性质发生了显著的变化,相对于大豆分离蛋白,糖基化产物的乳化稳定性提高。随后的酶解显著提高了糖基化大豆蛋白的一些功能性质,水解度为4%的糖基化产物的溶解性、乳化活性及持油性分别增加54.0%(pI)、19.5%和35.4%。因此,糖基化和酶解修饰相结合能够改善大豆蛋白的功能性质。     

大豆蛋白-木糖复合物的抗原性、致敏性及结构特性研究

大豆是营养丰富的植物蛋白资源,但也是八大过敏原之一;糖基化修饰是一种降低食物过敏原的有效方法。本文将木糖通过糖基化的方法引入大豆分离蛋白制备大豆分离蛋白-木糖复合物,采用间接竞争ELISA法,测定在一定温度、一定质量比、不同反应时间条件下,大豆分离蛋白-木糖复合物中大豆球蛋白的抗原性和过敏原性的变化,并且对糖基化产物进行了结构特性的研究。结果表明,糖基化能有效降低大豆球蛋白的抗原性和过敏原性,其抗原性从83.01%降到67.43%;过敏原性从46.32%降低到29.48%;两者在反应10 h时免疫活性都较低。通过三硝基苯磺酸(TNBS)法、SDS-PAGE电泳证明了糖基化反应的发生;傅里叶红外光谱结果表明,与大豆分离蛋白相比,SPI-木糖糖基化产物的α-螺旋、β-转角的含量下降,而无规卷曲、β-折叠的含量增加。     

糖基化大豆抗原蛋白的结构与功能特性研究进展

大豆球蛋白与大豆β-伴球蛋白是大豆蛋白的主要组成成分,也是主要的过敏原,二者通过影响大豆蛋白的性质改变其营养和功能特性。糖基化会使大豆抗原蛋白发生不同程度的改性,从而影响大豆蛋白产品的品质与特性。因此,研究大豆抗原蛋白在糖基化过程中的结构和功能特性的变化,对促进大豆蛋白深加工具有重要意义。本文分析了大豆主要抗原蛋白组成与结构特点,综述了大豆抗原蛋白在糖基化过程中的结构变化对其功能特性的影响,具体表现在溶解性、乳化性、乳化稳定性提高,凝胶性改善、致敏性降低。这些功能特性的改变为大豆蛋白开发和应用创造了条件。其目的是为大豆蛋白糖基化机理及工业化生产提供理论。     

海藻酸钠接枝大豆分离蛋白改性产物功能特性的研究

为了进一步提高大豆分离蛋白的功能特性,采用糖基化方法对其进行改性。以大豆分离蛋白和海藻酸钠为主要原料,制备不同糖基化程度的大豆分离蛋白样品,以天然大豆分离蛋白为对照,对不同糖基化程度的大豆分离蛋白的功能特性进行了研究。研究结果显示：糖基化修饰可提高大豆分离蛋白的变性温度和变性焓变,且糖基化程度越大,变性温度和变性焓变值越高。在pH为8时,与天然大豆分离蛋白相比,糖基化大豆分离蛋白的溶解度可提高约29.4%,乳化能力可提高约84.6%,乳化稳定性可提高约13.5%,起泡能力可提高约3.1%,起泡稳定性可提高约8.5%。此外,一定程度的糖基化可以提高大豆分离蛋白的羟基自由基清除能力,当糖基化程度为27.1%时,清除羟自由基的能力最强。该研究结果可为优质大豆分离蛋白的生产提供理论基础。     

微波辅助糖基化对大豆分离蛋白乳化性的影响

该文采用微波辅助糖基化改性大豆分离蛋白以提高大豆分离蛋白(soybean protein isolate,SPI)的乳化性。通过单因素实验研究微波时间、大豆分离蛋白与葫芦巴胶质量比、糖基化反应时间、反应温度对改性大豆分离蛋白乳化性的影响,并运用响应面法优化微波辅助糖基化改性大豆分离蛋白的最佳工艺条件,研究结果显示,在微波时间3 min、SPI与葫芦巴胶质量比1∶3、反应时间41 min、反应温度58℃时,改性大豆分离蛋白乳化性达到最高,糖基化程度达到最佳的水平,与只进行微波改性的大豆分离蛋白相比,乳化活性提高了51.33%,乳化稳定性提高了294.14%;与未改性的大豆分离蛋白相比,乳化活性提高了88.67%,乳化稳定性提高了788.84%。利用红外光谱和紫外光谱表征改性产物,结果表明大豆分离蛋白与葫芦巴胶发生了糖基化反应。     

大豆分离蛋白-花青素复合物的制备及其蛋白结构与功能性质分析

大豆分离蛋白经热处理后与花青素进行复合形成复合物,采用荧光光谱表征复合体系构象变化,以溶解性、乳化性、乳化稳定性、粒度分析及Zeta电位为指标分析该复合体系中大豆分离蛋白二级结构的变化与功能性质表达之间的关系。结果表明：在pH?7.4的条件下,热处理大豆分离蛋白与花青素复合后,大豆分离蛋白的Zeta电位绝对值显著增大,乳化性、乳化稳定性显著提高,但溶解性显著下降。通过荧光光谱分析发现花青素对热处理大豆分离蛋白的荧光猝灭机制为静态猝灭,蛋白与花青素间形成了结合位点数近似于1的复合物,三维荧光光谱结果表明花青素的复合使得蛋白质多肽链的骨架伸展,蛋白结构发生变化。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the