袋式除尘器与滤筒式除尘器在机加工行业中实际应用效果的对比研究

为了控制机械加工车间的粉尘和减少粉尘对工人的危害,选择合理的除尘器显得至关重要。本文首先介绍了布袋式除尘器与滤筒式除尘器的结构组成、除尘原理及技术特征,然后对两种除尘器在性能和经济两方面进行了综合对比,可以看出在设备性能方面,布袋式除尘器除尘效果好、适用范围广,但设备笨重。滤筒式除尘器设备灵活,但适用范围窄。在经济性方面,布袋式除尘器设备初期投资大,需要经常更换布袋,后期维护费用较高。滤筒式除尘器设备初期投资小,滤筒滤芯易损坏,后续维护费用更高。文章对两家机加工企业分别使用布袋式除尘设备和滤筒式除尘设备的实际应用效果进行了对比分析,结果表明,两种设备均能够满足车间的除尘要求,但滤筒式除尘器在实际应用中效果更好,是机加工车间除尘设备选型的发展方向。     

覆膜滤筒除尘器清除超细粉尘的过滤风速和清灰参数

利用覆膜滤筒除尘器对平均粒径为5.99μm的滑石粉进行了过滤与清灰实验,研究了不同过滤风速对除尘器过滤效率和压力损失的影响,以及其他相关清灰参数对滤筒侧壁压力峰值的影响.实验结果表明：单位面积的过滤风速为0.8～1.4 m/min时,除尘器的压力损失为99～300 Pa,过滤效率为98.02%～99.12%.根据脉冲反吹时滤筒侧壁压力峰值的变化规律,确定了本实验平台的最优清灰参数：喷吹压力为0.4 MPa,喷吹孔径为46 mm,喷吹距离为50 mm.实验结果对覆膜滤筒的过滤风速和清灰参数的选取有参考价值.     

滤筒式除尘机组净化炭/炭复合材料粉尘分析

炭／炭复合材料机加工粉尘有其独特的特性,粉尘量大、收集难度大。据此,针对该材料粉尘的产生和粉尘特性进行了详细分析．并对粉尘的收集方法进行了比较。选用旋风惯性除尘和滤筒式除尘串联的除尘机组．同时对滤筒除尘工作原理及滤简材料的过滤性能作了介绍和分析。采用该除尘机组除尘,通过对排出到室外空气和车间内空气的检测,除尘效果比较理想,各项指标完全符合国家环保标准。     

滤简式除尘机组净化炭／炭复合材料粉尘分析

炭／炭复合材料机加工粉尘有其独特的特性,粉尘量大、收集难度大。据此,针对该材料粉尘的产生和粉尘特性进行了详细分析．并对粉尘的收集方法进行了比较。选用旋风惯性除尘和滤筒式除尘串联的除尘机组．同时对滤筒除尘工作原理及滤简材料的过滤性能作了介绍和分析。采用该除尘机组除尘,通过对排出到室外空气和车间内空气的检测,除尘效果比较理想,各项指标完全符合国家环保标准。     

烧结工序环境除尘治理提升方案研究

烧结工序的环境除尘治理已经成为钢铁企业环保工作的重点。通过采用全密封自降尘环保导料槽、环保移动除尘器、粉尘抑制剂干雾抑尘、单机滤筒除尘器、径流式湿式电除尘器等技术和设施,不仅能够进一步提升环境除尘治理效果,实现超低排放,而且能够有效节省除尘设施占地及工程建设投资费用,延长设备使用寿命,节电省水,大幅降低后期的运行维护成本,具有良好的应用前景。     

集中泵站管道过滤器国产化改造

简要介绍了通钢炼钢事业部集中泵站水系统管道过滤器系统进行国产化改造的目的,首先要解决生产过程对管道过滤器检修维护时对备件的供应需求;其次通过设备国产化改造降低备件的采购费用;再则通过技术改进提高员工设备维护技术水平。通过进口过滤器与国产过滤器过滤精度、压力、流量等参数滤筒材质等方面对比,通过安装实验后数据记录对比。结果是国产过滤器可以替代进口过滤器,只需更换滤筒、密封元件等就可以实现备件国产改造,同时降低了备件费用。     

除尘器功率自动控制

介绍了在极板式电 除尘器上应用可编程控制器对其电场进行氧流量跟踪，从而在平炉冶炼中的不吹顶氧、烟道尘较少的情况下，减少除尘器功率输出，降低了电能消耗，达到了节能降耗的效果。     

硅合金电炉两种不同除尘工艺的应用

阐述了负压长袋及吹风脉冲式除尘器与正压反吸大布袋防尘器的应用及特点，通过技改，达到了预期效果。     

硅铁炉反吹风布袋式除尘器故障分析及改进

分析了硅铁炉反吹风布袋式除尘器工作故障原因，提出了前级烟道增加降温截尘沉箱等改进措施，并介绍了运行效果。     

自动力除尘器的研制

自动力除尘器是一种新型除尘器，其自身具有引风、净化、排气等功能。本文着重对该除尘器的结构和性能特点进行了分析，并与常用的负式除尘系统作比较。     

武钢CSP稀油润滑系统过滤器滤芯保护装置改进

介绍了武钢CSP轧线现场的稀油润滑系统过滤器的功能,针对CSP产线对润滑系统过滤器过滤效果的要求及过滤器当前运行状态过程中存在的不足,提出并采取了改进措施,取得了良好的效果。实验结果表明:在相同条件下,改善后的润滑系统过滤器滤芯能实现很好的使用效果。     

Analysis and evaluation of filter cartridge extractables for validation in pharmaceutical downstream processing

This paper describes a comprehensive approach for the extractables analysis of filter cartridges used in pharmaceutical production processes. For the extraction of the cartridges, two model solvents (water and ethanol) and worst case conditions are used. The extracts of 8 cartridges from various filter manufacturers are analysed both in the original and the concentrated form to gain data about the high and low concentrated contaminants, implementing standard analytical techniques such as GC-MS, RP-HPLC, GPC and FT-IR. Degradation products and additives of the filter cartridge polymers are found to be the source of most of the extracted compounds. The concentrations of extractables are determined in the range of ppm to ppb per cartridge under the applied extraction conditions. The effect of rinsing the cartridges prior to use was studied, showing a reduction of the extractables even after small flush volumes.     

Vimentin-positive adenocarcinomas of the stomach: co-expression of vimentin and cytokeratin

The authors developed a laser-diode system that can be used for on-line optical concentration measurements in physiologic systems. Previous optical systems applied to whole blood have been hampered by artifacts introduced by red blood cells (RBCs). The system introduced here uses a commercially available filter cartridge to separate RBCs from plasma before plasma concentration measurements are made at a single wavelength. The filtering characteristics of the Cellco filter cartridge (#4007-10, German-town, MD) were adequate for use in the on-line measurement system. The response time of the filter cartridge was less than 40 seconds, and the sieving characteristics of the filter for macromolecules were excellent, with filtrate-to-plasma albumin ratios of 0.98 +/- 0.11 for studies in sheep and 0.94 +/- 0.15 for studies in dogs. The 635-nm laser diode system developed was shown to be more sensitive than the spectrophotometer used in previous studies (Klaesner et al., Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 1994; 22, 660-73). The new system was used to measure the product of filtration coefficient (Kfc) and reflection coefficient for albumin (delta f) in an isolated canine lung preparation. The delta fKfc values [mL/(cmH2O.min.100 g dry lung weight)] measured with the laser diode system (0.33 +/- 0.22) compared favorably with the delta fKfc obtained using a spectrophotometer (0.27 +/- 0.20) and with the Kfc obtained using the blood-corrected gravimetric method (0.32 +/- 0.23). Thus, this new optical system was shown to accurately measure plasma concentration changes in whole blood for physiologic levels of Kfc. The same system can be used with different optical tracers and different source wavelengths to make optical plasma concentration measurements for other physiologic applications.     

石墨消解-电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定废气中锡

以滤筒和滤膜分别采集有组织排放和无组织排放气体样品,利用石墨消解仪进行消解,选择Sn 283.998 nm为分析线,采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法（ICP-AES）测定锡,从而建立了废气中锡的测定方法。试验对消解试剂进行了优化,选择18 mL硝酸-5 mL氢氟酸-2 mL高氯酸作为消解试剂,并测试了不同滤膜材质的空白本底值。锡的质量浓度在0.50~2.50 mg/L范围内与其发射强度呈线性,校准曲线线性方程的相关系数r=0.999 6。锡的检出限为0.002 5 mg/m³。玻璃纤维滤膜锡空白值不均匀,且高于过氯乙烯滤膜空白本底值,在采集无组织废气样品时,应优先考虑采用过氯乙烯滤膜。按照实验方法测定实际采集的废气中锡,测定结果与采用行业标准方法HJ/T 65-2001的测定结果一致。     

Novel approach for optimizing the capacity and efficacy of a protamine filter for clinical extracorporeal heparin removal

The authors previously reported the development of a blood filter device containing immobilized protamine (termed "protamine filter") that could be used at the conclusion of an extracorporeal blood procedure to prevent heparin and protamine induced complications. In vitro and in vivo experiments have fully demonstrated the feasibility and utility of the approach. The bottleneck limitations of this approach, however, lie in the lack of efficacy and capacity of the filter device. In this article, the authors describe a method to improve the efficacy in heparin adsorption, by incorporating a poly(ethylene glycol) spacer arm between the immobilized protamine and the fiber surface to enhance its freedom to dynamic motion. The authors also describe a method to increase the capacity of the filter, by using a poly-L-lysine based amplification method to augment protamine loading on the fiber, and to create multiple layers of immobilized protamine for heparin adsorption. Results show that with a poly(ethylene glycol) spacer arm of 3,400 Da, heparin adsorption on the protamine-poly(ethylene glycol) fibers was increased dramatically from a value of 9.1 mg heparin per gram of fibers in the control (i.e., without the poly[ethylene glycol] spacer) to 60 mg heparin/g fiber. The use of the amplification method with 110 kDa poly-L-lysine also yielded a threefold increase in protamine loading, and, consequently, an approximately fourfold enhancement in heparin adsorption (from 9.1 to 38.0 mg heparin/g fiber). A combination of these two methods would yield an optimized protamine filter that could meet all types of clinical needs in heparin removal. As assessed from the in vivo theoretical model reported previously for the protamine filter, a 95% heparin removal under cardiopulmonary bypass conditions could be achieved with a single optimized protamine filter with a size smaller than a hemodialyzer cartridge.     

Case report of a 22-week fetus with 47,XXX karyotype and multiple lower mesodermal defects

Tandem loading of a cartridge of the same caliber is possible only if the diameter of the barrel is sufficiently wide. This requirement is met by the .22 long shot Anschütz miniature clay pigeon gun. Ballistic experiments with tandem-loaded cartridges of the same caliber as those loaded in the normal way showed the bullet of the regularly loaded cartridge to impact the muzzle-loaded cartridge. On firing a shot, the bullet of the posterior cartridge penetrates the anterior one, expanding the case of the first cartridge to the diameter of the barrel and disintegrating the bullet. Regardless of whether the muzzle-loaded cartridge is ignited or not, the discharge speed of the projectiles (v0) is considerably below that of single shots. Calculations yielded a theoretical reduction by about 60%. In accordance with the formula E=1/2*m*v2, in terms of the energy released, the elevated mass of the projectile is of secondary importance compared with the reduction of v0. Although the "projectile" mass is more than twice the normal rate, the energy density is significantly reduced and the biological effect is attenuated. This also became apparent in the failed suicide attempt of a 43-year-old male who used a miniature clay pigeon gun to shoot himself in the forehead at a range of a few centimeters. He had inserted a second cartridge, base to head with the first cartridge, in the factory-bored barrel of the gun. The leading cartridge was destroyed by the regularly loaded one. The pierced and expanded case of the leading cartridge was found nearby the injured man and was at first taken to be the jacket of a larger-caliber bullet.     

Modeling Volumetric Clarifying Filtration of Particulate Matter for Transient Rainfall-Runoff Loadings

Volumetric clarification incorporating filtration with engineered granular media is increasingly used as a viable combined unit operation for separation of rainfall-runoff particulate matter (PM). Such combined unit operations are typically operated at the catchment-level for rainfall-runoff clarification of transient loadings, in contrast to centralized watershed or sewershed regional treatment. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this study models the PM separation by a volumetric clarifying filter (VCF) subject to unsteady event-based hydrologic, hydraulic, mass, and particle size distribution (PSD) loadings. Modeled and measured physical model results indicate that the VCF is capable of PM load reductions and effluent concentrations at or below 30 mg/L. These results, with PM measured as suspended sediment concentration (SSC) represent reductions ranging from 83 to 97% on an event basis. CFD model results predict effluent PM mass loads. Modeled effluent median particle diameter (d50m), as an index for the filtered effluent PSD, reproduces the d50?m from the VCF physical model on an event basis. Filter head loss is examined as a function of flow rate. Despite geometric asymmetry of the multiple radial cartridge configuration tested, hydraulic loading for each individual cartridge is relatively uniform.     

两种药包落矿的爆破机理分析

介绍了大孔采矿爆破中的球状药包与柱状药包两种药包落矿方式，对二者的爆破作用机理进行了详细探讨和对比分析。     

固相萃取-硫代米蚩酮光度法测定金

研究了用多孔石墨化碳黑作反向色谱柱填料，用合成的5-（2-羟基-5-硝基苯偶氮）-硫代若丹宁（HNATR）附着在多孔石墨化碳黑上作吸附剂，制成固相萃取柱来分离和富集金。含金样品以1．0mol／L的磷酸介质过柱，金定量吸附在小柱上，用0．1mol／L的硫代硫酸钠洗脱小柱上富集的金，可实现样品中低浓度金的高倍数富集和与大部分干扰离子的分离。在一定条件下用硫代米蚩酮（TMK）显色，用分光光度法在545nm波长处进行测定，取得满意结果。