Cross-wind response of tall buildings

A design procedure was developed using random vibration theory and uses mode-generalized cross-wind force spectra and aerodynamic data to calculate the cross-wind displacement and acceleration responses of tall buildings. The force spectra of a number of building shapes and sizes in both suburban and city centre type wind flow are presented. The proposed design procedure gives reasonable estimates of the cross-wind response, compared with wind tunnel measurements, at reduced wind velocities and at structural damping values consistent with modern habitable tall building design. This allows assessment of the structural requirements of tall buildings to be made at an early design stage, and also allows the designers to assess the need for more detailed and expansive wind tunnel model tests.     

高层建筑风荷载相干性研究

利用高层建筑刚性模型测压风洞试验结果,对顺风向风荷载竖向、水平相干性,迎背风面相干性以及横风向、扭转方向风荷载相干性的主要特征进行研究。利用算例说明了迎背风面相干性以及横-扭风荷载相干函数对于风振响应的影响。从计算结果来看,迎背风面全相干假定将使顺风向风振响应计算结果偏于保守;当结构刚心和质心偏离时,假定横扭风荷载相干性等于零会低估横风向和扭转方向风振响应。     

错列布置超高层建筑群的干扰效应研究

对实际超高层建筑群进行群体和单体塔楼两次同步测压风洞试验。通过两次试验测量结果,考察风向及塔楼位置对顺风向、横风向和扭转方向的主体结构承受风荷载以及围护结构的极值风压的影响,并结合风压试验结果及CFD流场计算结果对干扰机理进行说明。研究结果表明,处于中间位置的2号塔楼的扭转干扰放大作用非常显著,较为不利的风向为110°风向,该风向下扭转方向的静力干扰因子达到1.53;沿弱轴Y方向和扭转方向的动力放大因子达到1.32和1.37。     

Dynamic response and reliability analysis of tall buildings subject to wind loading

This paper explores the wind stochastic field from a new viewpoint of stochastic Fourier spectrum (SFS). The basic random parameters of the wind stochastic field, the roughness length z₀ and the mean wind velocity at 10 m height U₁₀, as well as their probability density functions (PDF), are obtained. It provides opportunities to use probability density evolution method (PDEM), which had been proved to be of high accuracy and efficiency, in computing the dynamic response and reliability of tall buildings subject to the wind loading. Principals and corresponding numerical solving algorithm of the PDEM are first presented. Then, the adopted model of the wind stochastic field is described briefly. The simulation method of the fluctuating wind velocity based on the SFS is introduced. Finally, as an example of the application of the PDEM, a 20-storey frame subject to wind loading is investigated in detail. The responses, including the mean value and the standard deviation, and the reliabilities of the frame are evaluated by the PDEM. The results demonstrate that the PDEM is applicable and efficient in the dynamic response and reliability analysis of wind-excited tall building.     

A Monte Carlo based method for the dynamic “fragility analysis” of tall buildings under turbulent wind loading

This paper presents a numerical algorithm for the simulation of the along-wind dynamic response of tall buildings under turbulent winds, using Monte Carlo (MC) integration methods. The proposed MC numerical procedure was used to compute the power spectral density of the buffeting loads, and to derive the statistics of the dynamic response in the presence of uncertainty in the wind loading. The CAARC prototype building was utilized to validate the proposed algorithm. This paper also presents the computation of the structural fragility curves of the CAARC building under extreme winds; preliminary investigations were conducted to assess the applicability of the proposed algorithm to a performance-based assessment.The results of these studies validated the appropriateness of the developed algorithm through comparison to reference values obtained from the literature for the CAARC building. Furthermore, structural “fragility curves” were utilized for a preliminary performance analysis, based on simulated along-wind response serviceability limit states.     

高层建筑结构整体稳定性研究

结构的侧向刚度和重力荷载之比即刚重比,是反映结构整体稳定性的关键参数。当高层建筑的高宽比足够大时,结构的刚重比一般接近规范规定的下限值,甚至低于下限值,计算的刚重比的准确性就显得非常重要。着重分析了弯剪型结构整体稳定性验算时存在的问题,比较结构顶点位移在考虑重力P-Δ效应前后的变化,以及其与刚重比及结构屈曲临界荷载系数的关系,提出了补充验算结构整体稳定性的建议。     

强震作用下超高层建筑动力响应的分析

采用大型有限元软件ANSYS对阜矿高层框架—剪力墙结构建模,通过对模型输入天津波,对高层结构在地震荷载作用下结构各层的变形情况和各层结构之间的变形量进行动力学分析。结果表明:高层框架—剪力墙结构,剪力墙对于中底部侧向位移有很大的限制作用,较上部结构对侧向位移限制能力强。     

某超限高层的抗震性能分析

针对广西某超限高层进行了抗震性能的计算分析,讨论了超限高层抗震设计计算分析中需注意的方面,并对结构进行了补充弹性动力时程分析,结果显示,该结构在竖向虽然有大开洞,但无明显薄弱层,结构抗震性能满足规范要求.     

高层建筑结构动力时程响应分析的状态空间迭代法

本文把现代控制理论中的状态空间理论应用到高层建筑结构动力响应分析中,提出了状态空间迭代法分析高层建筑结构动力响应问题。根据结构动力方程,引入位移与速度为状态变量,导出状态方程,给出非齐次状态方程的解,进而建立状态空间迭代计算格式。文中结合工程实例,采用状态空间迭代法进行结构动力时程响应分析,其计算结果表明,具有较高的精度,特别对多自由度体系的多输入、多输出等问题的动力响应解法,效率较高。     

汶川地震作用下约束砌体房屋的抗震能力分析

为验证约束砌体结构的抗震性能,取4栋7层砌体房屋为例进行非线性地震反应分析。4栋房屋中2栋(代号为A1、A2)选自汶川地震影响区的约束砌体房屋,另2栋(代号为B1、B2)为虚拟无筋(或非约束)砌体房屋,除了无任何约束作用的构造措施之外,其他都分别和A1、A2相同。分析中选取汶川地震中基岩和土层场地的共20条地震动作为地震输入。基于分析结果,做了两方面的比较:约束砌体结构房屋地震反应特征和汶川大地震现场调查所见的对比和约束砌体房屋和无筋砌体房屋地震性状的对比。主要结论有:①计算得到的约束砌体房屋在大地震下的震害特征和实际地震相当吻合,结构分析所用的计算模型、恢复力模型和参数取值的可靠性得到验证;②和无筋(或非约束)砌体房屋相比,约束砌体房屋使砌体结构的抗震强度和延性大为改善,具有很好的抗倒塌能力。     

高耸塔台结构风振动力响应分析

采用ANSYS软件建立了高耸塔台的三维有限元模型,在导出其刚度矩阵和质量矩阵的基础上,建立了具有三维有限元模型力学性能的二维多自由度体系,采用快速傅利叶变换（FFT）进行了随机风场的仿真,用Wilson-θ法对其进行了动力响应分析,分析表明,塔台明室加速度响应峰值为0.041 35 m/s2,小于规范规定的容许峰值,满足人体舒适度要求。     

大跨越输电塔线体系风振响应的时域分析

以规划中的世界第一高塔-舟山大跨越输电塔为工程背景,建立了塔线耦合体系的空间有限元模型,对体系的风振响应进行了时域分析,同时对输电塔线体系进行了气动弹性模型的风洞试验。通过理论计算和试验研究,将输电塔的响应分解为共振分量与背景分量,并分别考虑了输电线对这两部分分量的影响。针对背景与共振响应各自的特征,进一步提出了塔线体系的简化计算方法:背景分量的计算可以应用准静态假定,采用方差分析法得出;将塔线体系等效为悬吊摆系统,从而简化了共振分量的计算。上述两部分计算结果相叠加,即可得到塔线体系真实的风振响应。     

动力时程分析在桥梁安全监测中的应用

根据南京长江大桥的结构特点，建立了考虑横向联结系的空间有限元分析模型，将南京桥安全监测系统测得的列车活载作为激振力，采用ANSYS有限元分析程序对大桥进行动力时程分析，得出了动力时程分析结果能反映大桥的实际工作状态，可有效指导桥梁的检测和维护的结论。     

斜靠式拱桥动力特性与地震反应分析

对于复杂桥梁,要同时采用振型分解反应谱法和时程分析法求解地震作用。按照场地类型和结构基本周期,将桥梁标准反应谱在周期上分成10段,由地震波生成反应谱,在结构基本周期所在频段上最接近标准谱的时程曲线作为外加激励时程,这样求得时程最大值接近反应谱计算值,而时程曲线要满足一定的时间长度和相关性要求。     

210m高异形烟囱横风向动力响应研究

研究了横风向风荷载对高耸异形烟囱的作用模式,采用计算流体动力学(CFD)方法对烟囱进行了非定常风场数值模拟,获得了烟囱横风向气动参数。结合某电厂210m高异形烟囱初步设计方案进行了横风向风荷载作用下的动力响应分析。     

弱连体结构地震反应分析

采用随机振动、时程分析及振型分解反应谱方法,分别对多种隔震支座刚度情况下的高位隔震大跨连体结构地震响应进行分析,从而得出连体结构在不同频率比(塔楼基频/隔震装置固有频率)下的地震响应关系曲线;通过对曲线进行分析,得出当塔楼基频与隔震装置的固有频率比大于1.2~1.4时,连接体桁架地震响应就可产生减震效果的结论。通过对比三种方法计算结果发现,反应谱法计算出来的连体桁架位移与其他两种方法相比有明显误差,当隔震支座刚度较小时尤为明显。     

某砖石古塔动力特性测试研究

动力特性是结构自身的重要特征之一,是评价古塔抗震性能和损伤状态的重要指标。采用敲击激振法对某砖石古塔的动力特性进行了测试,根据测试所得各测点的加速度时程和自功率谱函数图,分析了结构的自振频率和阻尼及结构振型,并用有限元软件ANSYS对测试结果进行了进一步验证。测试和分析结果可为同类古塔的维护和开发提供理论依据。     

连续刚构桥的地震反应分析

指出我国是个多地震灾害的国家,桥梁在地震中会遭受巨大的损害,基于大型有限元软件ANSYS,针对一预应力连续刚构桥进行了有限元分析,得出了桥梁的自振特性和桥梁地震时程反应特性的有关结论。     

Bracing of thin walled steel box columns during pumping of wet concrete in tall buildings

This paper considers the bracing of thin walled steel box columns during the wet concrete pumping procedure for the construction of concrete filled columns in a tall building. The wet concrete exerts a hydrostatic pressure in addition to the axial loads from floor construction on the column cross-section and this causes excessive lateral deflections. For economical construction the steel component plates of the column are required to be minimized in thickness and thus an effective bracing strategy is required to be developed to restrain these deformations. The bracing system presented is similar to that employed for formwork of rectangular reinforced concrete columns and has been used on various tall buildings throughout the world being particularly germane to steel columns which are composed of flat faceted plates such as rectangular and triangular sections. The analysis presented herein uses a linear folded plate finite element method developed elsewhere to study the effects of wet concrete being pumped into steel columns. The main parameters which are found to influence the results are the boundary conditions, column width and plate thickness and the number of braces provided between floor levels. A design example is given and further research, including experimental calibration, is then outlined.     

罕遇地震下高层建筑弹塑性动力时程反应分析

通过对一平面及竖向均不规则且高度超限的高层建筑进行的罕遇地震下动力弹塑性时程分析,评估此类结构在罕遇地震作用下的抗震性能,并对该类建筑抗震设计提出了建议,以期指导高层建筑结构设计。