铜渣基化学键合陶瓷材料吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的性能及机理

以富含铁的铜渣(CS)为原料,在碱激发条件下制备了铜渣基化学键合陶瓷材料(CSCBC),将其用于废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附。考察了吸附剂投加量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度及溶液pH对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附率的影响。通过吸附动力学和热力学分析,结合吸附前后吸附材料结构表征,对其吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明,当Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为100 mg/L、pH=1、吸附剂投加量为8 g/L时,在120 min内达吸附平衡,Cr(Ⅵ)吸附率在99%以上。Langmuir等温吸附模型计算所得最大理论吸附容量为25.3 mg/g。与生物炭基铁氧化物复合材料、FeS复合材料、铁掺杂吸附剂等同类型吸附剂相比,CSCBC对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附容量明显提高。CSCBC对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。其吸附机制主要是物理吸附和化学吸附同时作用的结果。6次吸附-解吸后,其吸附容量保持初次吸附容量的75%以上。     

铜渣基化学键合陶瓷材料吸附Cr(VI)的性能及机理

以富含铁的铜渣（CS）为原料,在碱激发条件下制备了铜渣基化学键合陶瓷材料（CSCBC）,对废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)进行吸附处理。考察了吸附剂添加量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度及pH等因素对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附效果的影响,并通过吸附动力学和热力学分析,结合吸附前后吸附材料结构表征,对其吸附机理进行了探讨。结果表明,当Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为200 mg/L、pH=1、吸附剂投加量为0.4 g时,在240 min内达吸附平衡,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率可达93%以上,最大理论吸附容量25.3 mg/g。与生物炭基铁氧化物复合材料、FeS复合材料、铁掺杂吸附剂等同类型吸附剂相比,Cr(Ⅵ)吸附容量明显提高。CSCBC对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程符合准一级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型。其吸附机制主要是还原、吸附等双重作用的结果。 6次吸附-解吸实验后,其吸附容量保持初次吸附容量的75%以上 。     

钼尾矿对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

以钼尾矿为吸附剂,研究了其对模拟废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能。考察了尾矿的目数、尾矿的量、Cr(Ⅵ)的初始浓度、时间等因素对吸附性能的影响,同时探索了钼尾矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附动力学和热力学特性。结果表明:在尾矿目数120目、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度40mg/L、尾矿量为12g、吸附27h后,钼尾矿对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附容量可高达3.22mg/g,Cr(Ⅵ)离子去除率可达到最高90%以上;钼尾矿对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附过程更好符合Langmuir等温线和准二级动力学方程。     

麸皮去除废水中Cr(VI)的实验研究

以麸皮为生物吸附剂,考察麸皮用量、废水pH、时间、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)去除率的影响。结果表明,麸皮作为生物吸附剂可有效去除废水中的Cr(Ⅵ),麸皮用量200 g/L,pH=2、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为5 mg/L,吸附240 min时,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为99.31%。麸皮对Cr(Ⅵ)离子的吸附过程接近准二级动力学方程,吸附符合Freundlich等温模型,饱和吸附量为55.44 mg/kg。     

改性杂色曲霉对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附特性研究

采用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)改性杂色曲霉菌粉(AVB)作为吸附剂去除水中的Cr(Ⅵ),考察了CTAB浓度、废水pH、初始浓度、吸附剂投加量和反应时间对吸附效果的影响。结果表明最佳的CTAB浓度为1.5%,当pH等于2,吸附剂投加量为1.5 g/L,初始浓度为25 mg/L时,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率达到79.40%。改性AVB吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的过程符合伪二级动力学方程,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,理论最大吸附容量qm为26.45 mg/g。通过SEM、BET和FTIR技术对吸附剂进行表征,表明改性AVB具有较大的比表面积和丰富的功能基团如氨基、羧基和羟基。     

硫酸改性松树叶对废水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能研究

以松树叶为原料,经硫酸改性制得吸附剂,通过吸附实验考察了pH、吸附时间、初始质量浓度及吸附剂用量对Cr(Ⅵ)的影响。结果表明,在50mL质量浓度为10.0mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)溶液中,吸附剂用量0.4g,pH=3,吸附t为120min时,效果最佳,Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量可达1.22mg/g,去除率达到97.6%。对实验数据进行吸附动力学模型进行拟合,结果表明,吸附过程更符合准二级动力学模型,以化学吸附为主。     

含钛高炉渣制备复合吸附剂及其铬吸附性能

Cr(Ⅵ)是一种有害污染物,既污染水环境,也会对人体造成伤害。本文以工业固废含钛高炉渣为原料,通过酸浸得到浸出渣基体,经壳聚糖改性,制备一种新型GLZ-jcz/CS复合吸附剂,用来去除废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。研究了吸附温度、废水pH、吸附剂量、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度、吸附时间对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的影响。以Cr(Ⅵ)吸附率为评价指标,确定最优实验条件,并研究了GLZ-jcz/CS复合吸附剂的再生性能。采用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外变换光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱仪、BET比表面积测试仪对GLZ-jcz/CS复合吸附剂进行表征,结合吸附动力学模型和吸附等温线模型分析,确定吸附机理。实验结果表明：当吸附温度为70℃、废水pH=4、吸附剂用量为0.13g、Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为50mg/L、吸附时间为2h时,吸附率达到99.8%,吸附容量可以达到67mg/g,GLZ-jcz/CS复合吸附剂经过6次洗脱,吸附率仍可达到96%以上,吸附模型符合拟二级动力学模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型。     

腐殖酸对生物炭去除水中Cr(Ⅵ)的影响机制研究

以污泥生物炭作吸附剂处理水中Cr(Ⅵ),研究了共存腐殖酸对生物炭吸附性能影响。结果表明,腐殖酸能显著促进生物炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附,大幅提高吸附量以及缩短吸附平衡时间,生物炭吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型。在溶液初始pH4.0,生物炭浓度20g/L,Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度在50～800mg/L范围下,Langmuir模型比Freundlich模型更好地描述等温吸附行为。加入腐殖酸(20mg/L)后,拟合得到的理论饱和吸附量达10.10mg/g,较未加入腐殖酸的吸附量5.56mg/g提高近1倍。在pH2.0～8.0范围内,吸附量随溶液初始pH值升高而减小。     

荔枝壳活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附性能的研究

以荔枝壳为原料,氢氧化钠为活化剂、微波加热,制备了荔枝壳活性炭。并以此活性炭为吸附剂吸附溶液中的Cr(Ⅵ),考察了初始Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度、活性炭用量、pH、吸附时间、吸附温度对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量及去除率的影响。结果表明吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳工艺条件为:荔枝壳活性炭质量1.6 g/L、Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度50 mg/L、pH=3、吸附θ为25℃、吸附t为240 min,在此工艺条件下,荔枝壳活性炭吸附剂对Cr(Ⅵ)具有良好的吸附能力,对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附量可达30.25mg/g,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率可达96.8%。吸附过程符合二级吸附动力学模型。热力学参数ΔG、ΔH、ΔS表明荔枝壳活性炭对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程是自发、吸热过程。     

高炉渣制备Ca-Mg-A1类水滑石吸附水中Cr(Ⅵ)

以高炉渣为原料,通过酸浸取-除铁-共沉淀工艺制备了类水滑石介孔材料Ca-Mg-A1/LDH,并对其进行了表征,考察了对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的去除性能。结果表明,Ca-Mg-A1/LDH具有良好的结晶度,比表面积达87.98 m2/g。在30℃、初始Cr(Ⅵ)的质量浓度为20 mg/L、初始pH为2、吸附剂用量1 g/L的静态吸附条件下,Ca-Mg-A1/LDH对Cr(Ⅵ)吸附量为19.0 mg/g,Cr(Ⅵ)去除率为95.0%。Ca-Mg-A1/LDH对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程更符合准2级动力学方程,属于Langmuir单分子层吸附。Ca-Mg-A1/LDH对模拟工业废水中Ni(Ⅱ)、Cu(Ⅱ)、Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附容量分别可达14.0、19.2、23.0mg/g,且吸附过程同时符合Thomos模型和Yoon-Nelson模型。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。