一种集成FMS零件分批与机器装载的新方法

提出一种解决FMS零件分批与机器装载问题的新思路.建立了问题的混合整数规划模型,研究了基于遗传算法的求解方案.在遗传算法的编码策略中,引入了虚工件和虚工序的概念,并设计了相应问题特征的交叉算子与变异算子.仿真结果验证了方案的有效性.     

带不相关并行机和有限缓冲MHFS调度的混合启发式算法

研究每阶段含不相关并行机的多阶段混合流水车间问题(MHFSP),工件的加工时间取决于所分配的机器,相邻阶段之间缓冲区能力有限.鉴于直接求解该NP-hard问题较为困难,将其转化为带阻塞和不相关并行机的MHFSP (BMHFSP-UPM),建立整数规划模型,基于遗传算法(GA)和禁忌搜索(TS)提出一种混合启发式算法(HHGA&TS)进行求解.在该算法中,设计基于多阶段并行加工的二维矩阵编码方案,继而基于二维矩阵元胞组的初始解群体表述设计参数自适应策略;引入基于工件位-基因位的单点倒置交叉以及基于机器号的单点变异过程,利用GA求解机制完成解更新过程;设计机器号次序交换(MNE)、工件位置交换(JNE)、工件工序变异(JNM)三种邻域解移动规则,从而完成基于MNE-JNE-JNM的TS二次优化.仿真实验测试了多达120个工件的720组不同规模实例,结果表明,相较于GA、TS及NEH-IGA,所提出的混合启发式算法在解的质量方面表现更佳.     

改进多目标进化算法求解柔性作业车间调度问题

针对加工时间为模糊数的柔性作业车间调度问题,考虑最小化模糊最大完工时间、模糊机器总负荷、模糊关键机器负荷为优化目标,提出一种有效求解该类优化问题的多目标进化算法。算法采用一种混合不同机器分配和工序排序策略的方法产生初始种群,并采用插入空隙法对染色体进行解码。定义一种新的基于可能度的个体支配关系和一种基于决策空间的拥挤算子,并将所提支配关系和拥挤算子运用于快速非支配排序。接着,提出一种基于移动模糊关键工序的局部搜索策略对种群中的优势个体进行局部搜索。通过试验研究关键参数对算法性能的影响并将所提算法与3种不同的优化算法作对比。结果表明,所提算法能够比其它算法更有效解决多目标模糊柔性作业车间调度优化问题。     

一种求解混合整数规划的混合进化算法

提出一种基于正交试验设计的混合进化算法,用于求解混合整数规划问题.进化算法中采用一种混合启发式的变异算子,将正交试验设计作为杂交算子.为了增加种群的多样性,引入一种迁移算子.仿真实验结果表明,与已有的一些算法相比,所提出的求解混合整数规划的混合进化算法能快速收敛到问题的最优解,并且算法的计算量小,解的精度高.     

考虑学习效应的最小化延误总时间的单机批次排序问题

一些生产场景中,工件以批次作业的形式被安排生产,工件批量大、加工工序基本相同,所以标准工时相同,而且实际加工时间会受到学习效应的影响.为此,讨论学习效应的最小化延误总时间的单机批次排序问题,对该问题建立数学模型.该问题属于NP-hard问题,采用动态规划算法(DP)和模拟退火算法(SA)求解该问题,通过实验分析不同规模时DP的执行时间与SA的执行时间和求解误差的变化趋势,比较SA与其他实践中常用的经典规则的求解效果.最后得出DP适合批次数小于13的小规模问题,可以得到精确解;与经典规则相比,SA至少可以使目标函数降低20%,表明SA算法具有有效性.SA解决大规模问题时效果较优,并得出SA的执行时间和误差随着控制参数改变的变化趋势.     

含忽略工序和不相关机的混合流水车间调度

研究从炼钢等生产过程提炼出的含忽略工序和不相关并行机的混合流水车间调度问题,以最小化最大完工时间为目标,建立整数规划模型,并提出结合全局搜索、自适应遗传算法和候鸟优化的遗传候鸟优化算法以求解该模型。在算法中采用与处理时间相关的全局搜索和随机程序以获得初始种群,提出自适应交叉和变异操作改进遗传算法解,在迭代进程中,引入基于工件、机器和工序位3种邻域搜索结构的候鸟优化算法更新最佳解。仿真实验中将遗传候鸟优化算法的实验结果与几种启发式算法进行对比,证明了模型和算法的有效性。     

工件工序可并行的作业车间调度模型与求解

针对传统作业车间调度模型没有考虑工件工序存在并行性的不足,提出一种以最小化完工时间为目标的工件工序可并行作业车间调度模型,且在模型中考虑了工序加工设备柔性;设计了基于遗传算法的调度算法,其中染色体编码采用分段编码方式,并提出一种适用于工件工序存在并行性的染色体解码方法.实验结果表明,文中算法能够有效地解决工件工序可并行的作业车间调度问题.     

分布式估计算法在考虑差异工件的并行批处理机调度中的应用

论文考虑包含差异工件的并行批处理机调度问题，优化目标是最小化制造跨度.在不违背机器容量的限制下，所有工件需要被分成不同的批次，然后被安排在机器上进行加工.首先根据问题提出一个混合整数规划模型，并提出一个下界；采用FF-LPT规则实现对工件的分批和排序；然后提出基于4种更新机制的分布式估计算法（EDA）来对问题求解.最后通过实验对各类规模不同的算例进行仿真，并将结果和模拟退火算法（SA）、遗传算法（GA）作对比，验证了算法的有效性.     

一种集成FMS零件分批与机器装载的新方法

提出一种解决FMS零件分批与机器装载问题的新思路。建立了问题的混合整数规划模型,研究了基于遗传算法的求解方案。在遗传算法的编码策略中,引入了虚工作和虚工序的概念,并设计了相应问题特征的交叉算子与变异算子。仿真结果验证了方案的有效性。     

混合遗传算法求解含机器可利用约束的HFSP

针对含机器阻塞和可利用约束的混合流水车间调度优化问题,考虑工件运输时间,以最小化总加权完工时间为优化目标,建立混合整数规划模型,提出一种基于启发式规则的自适应混合遗传算法求解该模型.在传统遗传算法的基础结构上,引入五种启发式规则生成部分初始种群,从而改善部分初始解的质量;设计分段自适应交叉概率和变异概率计算公式,以加快算法收敛;利用局域搜索对得到的调度解进行再次优化,进一步提高算法搜索能力.对不同规模问题进行仿真实验,结果验证了该算法的可行性和有效性.     

移动传感器网络中路径扫描覆盖问题研究

扫描覆盖作为无线传感器网络中的重要应用之一,通过规划移动传感器对区域内兴趣点（POI）进行定期覆盖,因此相较于传统覆盖方法能以更低廉的成本监测POI。研究最少传感器数量-最小罚时路径扫描覆盖问题,即通过调度移动传感器扫描给定路径上的POI集合,使传感器使用数量及产生的POI总罚时成本之和最小。将该问题转换为整数规划,并基于该问题的特殊结构设计贪心算法和遗传算法,以求解大规模实例。在遗传算法基础上引入模拟退火操作,以设计一种遗传模拟退火算法,从而提高求解质量和算法局部寻优能力。实验结果表明,所提贪心算法、遗传算法及遗传模拟退火算法均有较好的收敛性,贪心算法求解质量相对较差,但求解速度快;遗传算法解的质量更好,但存在不稳定的问题,局部寻优能力较弱;遗传模拟退火算法的局部寻优能力和求解稳定性明显增强,解的质量优于其他两种算法。     

A Pareto-based two-stage evolutionary algorithm for flexible job shop scheduling problem with worker cooperation flexibility

The previous studies on the flexible job shop scheduling problems (FJSP) with machine flexibility and worker flexibility normally assume that each machine is operated by one worker at any time. However, it is not accurate in many cases because many workers may be required for machines in processing complex operations. Hence, this paper studies a universal version, i.e., FJSP with worker cooperation flexibility (FJSPWC), which defines that each machine can be used only if their required workers are prepared. A mixed-integer linear programming model tuned by CPLEX is established for the problem aiming to collaboratively minimize the makespan, maximum workload of machines and maximum workload of workers. To solve the problem efficiently, a Pareto-based two-stage evolutionary algorithm (PTEA) is proposed. In the PTEA, a well-tailored initialization operator and the NSGA-II structure are designed for global exploration in the first stage, and a competitive objective-based local search operator is developed to improve its local search ability and accelerate the convergence in the second stage. Extensive experiments based on fifty-eight newly formulated benchmarks are carried out to validate the effectiveness of the well-designed initialization operator and two-stage architecture. Comprehensive experiments are performed to evaluate the proposed PTEA, and the results reveal that the PTEA is superior to four comparison algorithms concerning the distribution, convergence, and overall performance.     

流水作业批调度问题优化算法研究

为解决流水作业环境作业尺寸有差异的批调度问题,建立了基于混合整数规划方法的最大时间跨度模型,分析问题的计算复杂性,给出设备数、作业数既定情况下的可行解规模.设计一种混合蚁群算法对最大时间跨度进行优化,结合算法的搜索机制和批调度启发式规则,实现了最小化最大时间跨度.利用模拟退火方法改进蚁群算法路径选择,避免算法陷入局部最优和过早收敛.实验设计随机算例,对各类不同规模的算例进行仿真实验,实验结果表明混合蚁群算法在最优解、平均运行时间和最大时间跨度等方面优于其他同类算法.     

A hybrid memetic algorithm for maximizing the weighted number of just-in-time jobs on unrelated parallel machines

This paper presents a hybrid memetic algorithm for the problem of scheduling n jobs on m unrelated parallel machines with the objective of maximizing the weighted number of jobs that are completed exactly at their due dates. For each job, due date, weight, and the processing times on different machines are given. It has been shown that when the numbers of machines are a part of input, this problem is NP-hard in the strong sense. At first, the problem is formulated as an integer linear programming model. This model is practical to solve small-size problems. Afterward, a hybrid memetic algorithm is implemented which uses two heuristic algorithms as constructive algorithms, making initial population set. A data oriented mutation operator is implemented so as to facilitate memetic algorithm search process. Performance of all algorithms including heuristics (H1 and H2), hybrid genetic algorithm and hybrid memetic algorithm are evaluated through computational experiments which showed the capabilities of the proposed hybrid algorithm.     

A simulated annealing algorithm for the job shop cell scheduling problem with intercellular moves and reentrant parts

This paper addresses the problem of scheduling parts in job shop cellular manufacturing systems by considering exceptional parts that need to visit machines in different cells and reentrant parts which need to visit some machines more than once in non-consecutive manner. Initially, an integer linear programming (ILP) model is presented for the problem to minimize the makespan, which considers intercellular moves and non-consecutive multiple processing of parts on a machine. Due to the complexity of the model, a simulated annealing (SA) based solution approach is developed to solve the problem. To increase the efficiency of the search algorithm, a neighborhood structure based on the concept of blocks is applied. Subsequently, the efficiency of the ILP model and the performance of the proposed SA are assessed over a set of problem instances taken from the literature. The proposed ILP model was coded in Lingo 8.0 and the solution obtained by the proposed SA was compared to the optimal values. The computational results demonstrate that the proposed ILP model and SA algorithm are effective and efficient for this problem.     

遗传模拟退火算法在弹药装载中的应用研究

多约束条件下的弹药装载问题是一个复杂的组合优化问题,属于NP-完全问题,其求解是很困难的。本文在考虑弹药装载中各类约束条件的情况下,将模拟退火算法作了若干改进后,融入遗传算法,提出了一种遗传模拟退火算法来求解弹药装载问题。本文对该算法的遗传算子和冷却进度表进行了详细的阐述,给出了使用该算法求解弹药装载问题的具体实现方法。     

An effective heuristic for flow shop problems with total flow time as criterion

This research studies on application of genetic algorithms for flow shop problems with total flowtime as the criterion. There is still very little research focusing on total flow time for flow shop problems. We develop a genetic algorithm based heuristic for the problems, and use an integer programming model and an existing heuristic to evaluate the efficiency of the genetic algorithm based heuristic. We generate a set of problems with different numbers of machines, different numbers of jobs, and solve ten of each of the problems using the integer programming model, the existing heuristic, and the genetic algorithm based heuristic, respectively. The results are very encouraging and appear to indicate the genetic algorithms are efficient approaches for flow shop problems.     

Portfolio selection using neural networks

In this paper we apply a heuristic method based on artificial neural networks (NN) in order to trace out the efficient frontier associated to the portfolio selection problem. We consider a generalization of the standard Markowitz mean-variance model which includes cardinality and bounding constraints. These constraints ensure the investment in a given number of different assets and limit the amount of capital to be invested in each asset. We present some experimental results obtained with the NN heuristic and we compare them to those obtained with three previous heuristic methods. The portfolio selection problem is an instance from the family of quadratic programming problems when the standard Markowitz mean-variance model is considered. But if this model is generalized to include cardinality and bounding constraints, then the portfolio selection problem becomes a mixed quadratic and integer programming problem. When considering the latter model, there is not any exact algorithm able to solve the portfolio selection problem in an efficient way. The use of heuristic algorithms in this case is imperative. In the past some heuristic methods based mainly on evolutionary algorithms, tabu search and simulated annealing have been developed. The purpose of this paper is to consider a particular neural network (NN) model, the Hopfield network, which has been used to solve some other optimisation problems and apply it here to the portfolio selection problem, comparing the new results to those obtained with previous heuristic algorithms.     

Lexicographic optimization of a permutation flow shop scheduling problem with time lag constraints

This paper considers the permutation flow shop scheduling problem with minimal and maximal time lags. Time lags are defined as intervals of time that must exist between every pair of consecutive operations of a job. The objective is to hierarchically minimize two criteria, the primary criterion is the minimization of the number of tardy jobs and the secondary one minimizes the makespan. We propose a mixed integer mathematical programming formulation which can be solved with the subroutine CPLEX. We also propose several versions of simulated annealing algorithm to heuristically solve the problem. Computational experiments to compare the proposed procedures are presented and discussed.